Remote sensing images present classification challenges due to the complexity of their structural and spatial patterns. This research explores a hybrid approach that combines convolutional neural network (CNN) and att...
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Human beings are often affected by a wide range of skin diseases,which can be attributed to genetic factors and environmental influences,such as exposure to sunshine with ultraviolet(UV)*** left untreated,these diseas...
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Human beings are often affected by a wide range of skin diseases,which can be attributed to genetic factors and environmental influences,such as exposure to sunshine with ultraviolet(UV)*** left untreated,these diseases can have severe consequences and spread,especially among *** detection is crucial to prevent their spread and improve a patient’s chances of ***,the branch of medicine dealing with skin diseases,faces challenges in accurately diagnosing these conditions due to the difficulty in identifying and distinguishing between different diseases based on their appearance,type of skin,and *** study presents a method for detecting skin diseases using Deep Learning(DL),focusing on the most common diseases affecting children in Saudi Arabia due to the high UV value in most of the year,especially in the *** method utilizes various Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)architectures to classify skin conditions such as eczema,psoriasis,and *** proposed method demonstrates high accuracy rates of 99.99%and 97%using famous and effective transfer learning models MobileNet and DenseNet121,*** illustrates the potential of DL in automating the detection of skin diseases and offers a promising approach for early diagnosis and treatment.
Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(TERS)imaging is a super-resolution imaging technique that features the merits of both surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)and scanning probe microscopy(SPM),such as the high chemic...
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Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(TERS)imaging is a super-resolution imaging technique that features the merits of both surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)and scanning probe microscopy(SPM),such as the high chemical sensitivity from the former and the nanoscale spatial resolution from the *** advantages make TERS an essential nanospectroscopic characterization technique for chemical analysis,materials science,bio-sensing,*** probes,the most critical factor determining the TERS imaging quality,are expected to provide a highly confined electromagnetic hotspot with a minimized scattering background for the generation of Raman signals with high spatial *** two decades of development,numerous probe design concepts have been proposed and *** review provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art TERS probe designs,from the working mechanism to the practical *** start with reviewing the recent development of TERS configurations and the corresponding working mechanisms,including the SPM platforms,optical excitation/collection techniques,and probe preparation *** then review the emerging novel TERS probe designs,including the remote-excitation probes,the waveguide-based nanofocusing probes,the metal-coated nanofocusing probes,the nanowire-assisted selective-coupling probes,and the tapered metal-insulator-metal *** discussion focuses on a few critical aspects,including the surface-plasmon-polariton(SPP)hotspot excitation technique,conversion efficiency,working frequency,and *** the end,we review the latest TERS applications and give a perspective on the future of TERS.
Neurosymbolic artificial intelligence (AI) is an emerging branch of AI that combines the strengths of symbolic AI and subsymbolic AI. Symbolic AI is based on the idea that intelligence can be represented using semanti...
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Neurosymbolic artificial intelligence (AI) is an emerging branch of AI that combines the strengths of symbolic AI and subsymbolic AI. Symbolic AI is based on the idea that intelligence can be represented using semantically meaningful symbolic rules and representations, while deep learning (DL), or sometimes called subsymbolic AI, is based on the idea that intelligence emerges from the collective behavior of artificial neurons that are connected to each other. A major drawback of DL is that it acts as a 'black box,' meaning that predictions are difficult to explain, making the testing & evaluation (T&E) and validation & verification (V&V) processes of a system that uses subsymbolic AI a challenge. Since neurosymbolic AI combines the advantages of both symbolic and subsymbolic AI, this survey explores how neurosymbolic applications can ease the V&V process. This survey considers two taxonomies of neurosymbolic AI, evaluates them, and analyzes which algorithms are commonly used as the symbolic and subsymbolic components in current applications. Additionally, an overview of current techniques for the T&E and V&V processes of these components is provided. Furthermore, it is investigated how the symbolic part is used for T&E and V&V purposes in current neurosymbolic applications. Our research shows that neurosymbolic AI has great potential to ease the T&E and V&V processes of subsymbolic AI by leveraging the possibilities of symbolic AI. Additionally, the applicability of current T&E and V&V methods to neurosymbolic AI is assessed, and how different neurosymbolic architectures can impact these methods is explored. It is found that current T&E and V&V techniques are partly sufficient to test, evaluate, verify, or validate the symbolic and subsymbolic part of neurosymbolic applications independently, while some of them use approaches where current T&E and V&V methods are not applicable by default, and adjustments or even new approaches are needed. Our research shows that th
Intrusion attempts against Internet of Things(IoT)devices have significantly increased in the last few *** devices are now easy targets for hackers because of their built-in security *** a Self-Organizing Map(SOM)hybr...
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Intrusion attempts against Internet of Things(IoT)devices have significantly increased in the last few *** devices are now easy targets for hackers because of their built-in security *** a Self-Organizing Map(SOM)hybrid anomaly detection system for dimensionality reduction with the inherited nature of clustering and Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost)for multi-class classification can improve network traffic intrusion *** proposed model is evaluated on the NSL-KDD *** hybrid approach outperforms the baseline line models,Multilayer perceptron model,and SOM-KNN(k-nearest neighbors)model in precision,recall,and F1-score,highlighting the proposed approach’s scalability,potential,adaptability,and real-world ***,this paper proposes a highly efficient deployment strategy for resource-constrained network *** results reveal that Precision,Recall,and F1-scores rise 10%-30% for the benign,probing,and Denial of Service(DoS)*** particular,the DoS,probe,and benign classes improved their F1-scores by 7.91%,32.62%,and 12.45%,respectively.
Deepfake videos, generated by sophisticated AI algorithms, pose significant challenges to the authenticity and trustworthiness of multimedia content on the internet. In this study, we propose a deepfake video detectio...
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Smart home devices are vulnerable to a variety of *** matter gets more complicated when a number of devices collaborate to launch a colluding attack(e.g.,Distributed-Denial-of-Service(DDoS))in a network(e.g.,Smart hom...
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Smart home devices are vulnerable to a variety of *** matter gets more complicated when a number of devices collaborate to launch a colluding attack(e.g.,Distributed-Denial-of-Service(DDoS))in a network(e.g.,Smart home).To handle these attacks,most studies have hitherto proposed authentication protocols that cannot necessarily be implemented in devices,especially during Device-to-Device(D2D)*** into the potential of Ethereum blockchain and smart contracts,this work proposes a lightweight authentication mechanism that enables safe D2D interactions in a smart *** Ethereum blockchain enables the implementation of a decentralized prototype as well as a peer-to-peer distributed ledger *** work also uses a single server queuing system model and the authentication mechanism to curtail DDoS attacks by controlling the number of service requests in the *** simulation was conducted twenty times,each with varying number of devices chosen at random(ranging from 1 to 30).Each requester device sends an arbitrary request with a unique resource requirement at a *** is done to measure the system's consistency across a variety of device *** experimental results show that the proposed protocol not only prevents colluding attacks,but also outperforms the benchmark protocols in terms of computational cost,message processing,and response times.
High precision and reliable wind speed forecasting have become a challenge for *** events,namely,strong winds,thunderstorms,and tornadoes,along with large hail,are natural calamities that disturb daily *** accurate pr...
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High precision and reliable wind speed forecasting have become a challenge for *** events,namely,strong winds,thunderstorms,and tornadoes,along with large hail,are natural calamities that disturb daily *** accurate prediction of wind speed and overcoming its uncertainty of change,several prediction approaches have been presented over the last few *** wind speed series have higher volatility and nonlinearity,it is urgent to present cutting-edge artificial intelligence(AI)*** this aspect,this paper presents an intelligent wind speed prediction using chicken swarm optimization with the hybrid deep learning(IWSP-CSODL)*** presented IWSP-CSODL model estimates the wind speed using a hybrid deep learning and hyperparameter *** the presented IWSP-CSODL model,the prediction process is performed via a convolutional neural network(CNN)based long short-term memory with autoencoder(CBLSTMAE)*** optimally modify the hyperparameters related to the CBLSTMAE model,the chicken swarm optimization(CSO)algorithm is utilized and thereby reduces the mean square error(MSE).The experimental validation of the IWSP-CSODL model is tested using wind series data under three distinct *** comparative study pointed out the better outcomes of the IWSP-CSODL model over other recent wind speed prediction models.
Phishing is a cybercrime activity where the perpe-Trator tricks users into believing that a fraudulent website is authentic, revealing sensitive information. Recently, the frequency of phishing attacks has increased, ...
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Recently,wireless sensor networks(WSNs)find their applicability in several real-time applications such as disaster management,military,surveillance,healthcare,*** utilization of WSNs in the disaster monitoring process...
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Recently,wireless sensor networks(WSNs)find their applicability in several real-time applications such as disaster management,military,surveillance,healthcare,*** utilization of WSNs in the disaster monitoring process has gained significant attention among research communities and ***-time monitoring of disaster areas using WSN is a challenging process due to the energy-limited sensor ***,the clustering process can be utilized to improve the energy utilization of the nodes and thereby improve the overall functioning of the *** this aspect,this study proposes a novel Lens-Oppositional Wild Goose Optimization based Energy Aware Clustering(LOWGO-EAC)scheme for WSN-assisted real-time disaster *** major intention of the LOWGO-EAC scheme is to perform effective data collection and transmission processes in disaster *** achieve this,the LOWGOEAC technique derives a novel LOWGO algorithm by the integration of the lens oppositional-based learning(LOBL)concept with the traditional WGO algorithm to improve the convergence *** addition,the LOWGO-EAC technique derives a fitness function involving three input parameters like residual energy(RE),distance to the base station(BS)(DBS),and node degree(ND).The proposed LOWGO-EAC technique can accomplish improved energy efficiency and lifetime of WSNs in real-time disaster management *** experimental validation of the LOWGO-EAC model is carried out and the comparative study reported the enhanced performance of the LOWGO-EAC model over the recent approaches.
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