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Secure location-aware geocast routing in Internet of Vehicles

Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年第18期84卷 1-24页

作者： Kumar, Sunil Dohare, Upasana Kumar, Sushil Department of Computer Science and Information Technology Central University of Haryana Mahendragarh India School of Computing Science & amp Engineering Galgotias University Greater Noida India School of Computer and Systems Sciences Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi India

Efficient message dissemination in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) relies on robust connectivity between neighboring vehicular nodes, yet it is often compromised by malicious intruders. While recent literature proposes various approaches to enhance geocasting performance, security considerations for connectivity are often overlooked. To address this gap, we propose the Secure Location-Aware Cache Agent based Geocast Routing (SL-CAGR) protocol, emphasizing an Intrusion Prevention Technique (IPT) for message integrity preservation and a Connectivity Reliant Packet Forwarding (CRPF) algorithm for improved VANET connectivity. Our protocol introduces a network model for cache agent-based geocast routing on the Internet of Vehicle (IoV) environment, implements IPT using Diffie-Hellman digital signatures, and presents a secure geocast routing strategy focusing on re-caching and cache agent selection. Empirical simulations demonstrate SL-CAGR's superiority in packet delivery ratio, packet loss, duplication, hop count, end-to-end delay, and network load compared to these protocols. Simulation results demonstrate that SL-CAGR outperforms state-of-the-art techniques like CAG, CTRC, and D-Flooding. SL-CAGR stands out by merging intrusion prevention, secure geocast routing, and cache agent selection, ensuring robust security and efficiency in VANETs. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Vehicular ad hoc networks

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Comparative Study of Facial Expression Recognition Using Facial Landmark in e-Learning System 11

Comparative Study of Facial Expression Recognition Using Fac...

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11th International Conference on Electrical engineering, computer science and Informatics, EECSI 2024

作者： Bachtiar, Fitra Abdurrachman Nainggolan, Cesilia Natasya Soetedjo, Riza Setiawan Rokhmawati, Retno Indah Muflikhah, Lailil Brawijaya University Department of Informatics Engineering Faculty of Computer Science Malang Indonesia Brawijaya University Faculty of Computer Science Department of Information Systems Malang Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350355314

The e-Iearning system or distance learning system has become important, especially during the COVID-19 pan-demic. Several tertiary institutions have made the e-Iearning system an alternative teaching and learning activity. Research on the use of e-Iearning needs to be explored to obtain innovative, creative, and fun learning. One aspect that can be examined in e-learning is students' emotional response to the learning activities. The emotional state of students directly or indirectly affects the learning process. The student's emotional responses can be measured by their facial expressions. In this study, an exploration was carried out on the facial expressions shown by students in HSS Learning, an e-Iearning for learning web programming. The student's facial expressions were extracted using 68 pairs of facial landmarks and additional 6 facial feature vectors. The total number of features used is 142. Machine learning methods for classification are applied to determine the performance of several classification models, including the k-Nearest Neighbor (k- NN) algorithm, Logistic Regression, and Support Vector Machine (SVM). Machine learning performance evaluation is done using the Fl-score and confusion matrix. The results show that the accuracy of the k-NN, Logistic Regression, and SVM are 91.4%, 92.2%, and 92.1 %, respectively. However, the Fl-score macro values are relatively low due to data imbalance with the k- NN, Logistic Regression, and SVM models are 0.250, 0.272, and 0.243, respectively. While the study provides insight into the student learning experience in e-Iearning settings, this study needs to be explored more. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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Enhancing waste sorting and recycling efficiency: robust deep learning-based approach for classification and detection

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第6期37卷 4567-4583页

作者： Sayem, Faizul Rakib Islam, Md. Sakib Bin Naznine, Mansura Nashbat, Mohammad Hasan-Zia, Mazhar Kunju, Ali K Ansaruddin Khandakar, Amith Ashraf, Azad Majid, Molla Ehsanul Kashem, Saad Bin Abul Chowdhury, Muhammad E. H. Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Biomedical Engineering Military Institute of Science and Technology Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Computer Science & Engineering Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology Rajshahi6204 Bangladesh Chemical Engineering Department University of Doha for Science and Technology Doha Qatar Department of Electrical Engineering Qatar University Doha2713 Qatar Computer Applications Department Academic Bridge Program Qatar Foundation Doha Qatar Department of Computing Science AFG College With the University of Aberdeen Doha Qatar

Given the severity of waste pollution as a major environmental concern, intelligent and sustainable waste management is becoming increasingly crucial in both developed and developing countries. The material composition and volume of urban solid waste are key considerations in processing, managing, and utilizing city waste. Deep learning technologies have emerged as viable solutions to address waste management issues by reducing labor costs and automating complex tasks. However, the limited number of trash image categories and the inadequacy of existing datasets have constrained the proper evaluation of machine learning model performance across a large number of waste classes. In this paper, we present robust waste image classification and object detection studies using deep learning models, utilizing 28 distinct recyclable categories of waste images comprising a total of 10,406 images. For the waste classification task, we proposed a novel dual-stream network that outperformed several state-of-the-art models, achieving an overall classification accuracy of 83.11%. Additionally, we introduced the GELAN-E (generalized efficient layer aggregation network) model for waste object detection tasks, obtaining a mean average precision (mAP50) of 63%, surpassing other state-of-the-art detection models. These advancements demonstrate significant progress in the field of intelligent waste management, paving the way for more efficient and effective solutions. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Deep learning for waste management Intelligent waste management Object detection in waste management Sustainable waste processing Urban solid waste Waste image classification

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UNet Based onMulti-Object Segmentation and Convolution Neural Network for Object Recognition

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第7期80卷 1563-1580页

作者： Nouf Abdullah Almujally Bisma Riaz Chughtai Naif Al Mudawi Abdulwahab Alazeb Asaad Algarni Hamdan A.Alzahrani Jeongmin Park Department of Information Systems College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh11671Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Air UniversityIslamabad44000Pakistan Department of Computer Science College of Computer Science and Information SystemNajran UniversityNajran55461Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Sciences Faculty of Computing and Information TechnologyNorthern Border UniversityRafha91911Saudi Arabia Information Technology Department College of Computing and InformaticsSaudi Electronic UniversityRiyadh13316Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering Korea Polytechnic UniversitySiheung-siGyeonggi-do237Republic of Korea

The recent advancements in vision technology have had a significant impact on our ability to identify multiple objects and understand complex *** technologies,such as augmented reality-driven scene integration,robotic navigation,autonomous driving,and guided tour systems,heavily rely on this type of scene *** paper presents a novel segmentation approach based on the UNet network model,aimed at recognizing multiple objects within an *** methodology begins with the acquisition and preprocessing of the image,followed by segmentation using the fine-tuned UNet ***,we use an annotation tool to accurately label the segmented *** labeling,significant features are extracted from these segmented objects,encompassing KAZE(Accelerated Segmentation and Extraction)features,energy-based edge detection,frequency-based,and blob *** the classification stage,a convolution neural network(CNN)is *** comprehensive methodology demonstrates a robust framework for achieving accurate and efficient recognition of multiple objects in *** experimental results,which include complex object datasets like MSRC-v2 and PASCAL-VOC12,have been *** analyzing the experimental results,it was found that the PASCAL-VOC12 dataset achieved an accuracy rate of 95%,while the MSRC-v2 dataset achieved an accuracy of 89%.The evaluation performed on these diverse datasets highlights a notably impressive level of performance.

关键词： UNet segmentation blob fourier transform convolution neural network

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Pose-Critical Keypoint Attention model for Dynamic Yoga Pose Classification 2

Pose-Critical Keypoint Attention model for Dynamic Yoga Pose...

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2nd International Conference on computer Vision and Internet of Things, ICCVIoT 2024

作者： Meghana, J.H. Chethan, H.K. Prakash, S.P. Shiva Department of Studies in Computer Science University of Mysore Karnataka Mysore India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Maharaja Institute of Technology Karnataka Mysore India Department of Information Science and Engineering & Computer Science and Business Systems JSS Science and Technology University Karnataka Mysuru India

ISBN: (纸本)9781837242672

Yoga pose detection and classification have garnered considerable attention in recent years due to their significant applications in various domains, including fitness, health monitoring, and rehabilitation programs. Accurate detection and classification of yoga poses not only enhance the effectiveness of fitness regimes but also facilitate the assessment of practitioners' health and recovery processes. However, existing methods often struggle with the challenges posed by high-dimensional data processing, particularly in real-time applications. This paper introduces the Pose-Critical Keypoint Attention (PCKA) model, a novel approach designed to overcome the limitations of traditional methods in yoga pose analysis. The PCKA model employs an advanced attention mechanism to dynamically prioritize the most relevant keypoints from a comprehensive set of 33 extracted keypoints. This dynamic focus allows for efficient classification without the drawbacks associated with static keypoint reduction, ensuring that the model remains adaptable and robust across various poses. Extensive experiments evaluate the performance of the PCKA model against conventional classification frameworks. The results indicate that this model significantly outperforms traditional approaches, achieving an impressive accuracy of 91.08%, precision of 89.70%, recall of 91.93%, and an F1-score of 90.78%. These metrics demonstrate the model's capability to deliver accurate pose classification while providing realtime feedback for corrective measures, which is crucial for users striving to improve their yoga practices. © The Institution of engineering & Technology 2024.

关键词： Data handling

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Security Metrics and Authentication-based RouTing (SMART) Protocol for Vehicular IoT Networks

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SN computer science 2024年第2期5卷 1-14页

作者： Kumar, Rakesh Singh, Sunil K. Lobiyal, D.K. Kumar, Sudhakar Jawla, Shashi Department of Applied Computational Sciences & Engineering GLBITM Greater Uttar Pradesh Noida India Department of Computer Science & Engineering CCET Panjab University Chandigarh India School of Computer & Systems Sciences Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi India Department of Computer Science & Engineering SVIET Mohali India

Routing protocols, responsible for determining optimal paths, fall into two main categories: reactive and proactive protocols. In the realm of reactive routing protocols, exemplified by Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV), routes are created only when there is an actual data transmission requirement. In contrast, proactive routing protocols maintain pre-computed paths to all potential destinations, resulting in reduced resource utilization within reactive protocols and continuous route maintenance within proactive ones. Reactive routing protocols are resource efficient as they establish routes as needed, while proactive counterparts maintain routing tables for all possible destinations, ensuring constant route availability regardless of data transmission demands. This paper primarily concentrates on the reactive routing protocol category, focusing on real-time path optimization and routing information updates. In the context of Vehicular Internet of Things (VIoT) networks, where malicious entities might attempt to flood, mislead, or impersonate routing packets, it is imperative to ensure robust security measures within the routing protocol. Unfortunately, secure routing protocols in VIoT networks, including AODV, SAODV, and SGHRP, often exhibit inefficiencies and impose a high overhead. To address these challenges, this research paper introduces the Security Metrics and Authentication-based RouTing (SMART) protocol for VIoT networks, with a focus on enhancing security while minimizing overhead. The SMART protocol utilizes the Merkle tree for hash (digest) generation, which is then encrypted using Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) to reduce overhead. This proposed protocol enhances security by authenticating the source and incorporating security metrics into the routing information. To assess the performance of the SMART protocol, simulations were conducted using Network Simulator-2 (NS₂). The results demonstrated an improved packet delivery ratio, red

关键词： AODV Authentication ECC Hash digest Merkle Tree OBU Routing Protocol SAODV VIoT Networks

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Kathakali Mudras: An AI-Enhanced Predictive Approach 11

Kathakali Mudras: An AI-Enhanced Predictive Approach

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11th International Conference on Soft Computing and Machine Intelligence, ISCMI 2024

作者： Mulerikkal, Jaison Paul Janani, K. Sreelakshmi, P.S. James, Divya Lakshmi, K.S. Sajanraj, T.D. Binu, A. Department of Information Technology India Rajagiri School of Engineering & Technology Kochi India Department of Computer Science and Engineering India Department of Computer Science and Business Systems India Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science India Department of Computer Science Loughborough University Leicester United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9798331518127

The goal of this research is to integrate an artificial intelligence framework for predicting Kathakali mudras, a crucial component of the traditional Indian dance style that is renowned for its complex hand and facial motions. Our goal is to protect and improve the accessibility of this traditional art form by utilising deep learning technology. To be more precise, we used the object identification model YOLOv8 together with convolutional neural networks (CNNs) like VGG 19, Inception V3, and ResNet 152 to predict and analyse Kathakali mudras. Furthermore, Few-shot learning (FSL) and support vector machines (SVMs) were used to offer a comparative viewpoint on the efficacy of machine learning method in this situation. The study entailed a thorough analysis of how well-performing different deep learning techniques performed. The predictive accuracy of VGG 19, Inception V3, and ResNet 152 for intricate mudras of Kathakali was subjected to a thorough evaluation process. In addition, an evaluation of YOLOv8's real-time object identification capabilities was conducted in order to investigate its potential in live performance circumstances. The results of the experiment showed that VGG 19 performed better than the other models and had the highest accuracy in mudra prediction. As a result, VGG 19 was chosen as the best algorithm for this particular application. The results of this study demonstrate how artificial intelligence (AI) technologies may support and preserve traditional artistic forms. This AI-integrated framework is a useful tool for scholars, educators, and dancers, promoting a deeper knowledge and enjoyment of this cultural legacy through its accurate analysis and prediction of Kathakali mudras. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Bidirectional LSTM-Based Energy Consumption Forecasting:Advancing AI-Driven Cloud Integration for Cognitive City Energy Management

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第5期83卷 2907-2926页

作者： Sheik Mohideen Shah Meganathan Selvamani Mahesh Thyluru Ramakrishna Surbhi Bhatia Khan Shakila Basheer Wajdan Al Malwi Mohammad Tabrez Quasim Department of Computer Science and Engineering Srinivasa Ramanujan CentreSASTRA Deemed UniversityKumbakonam612001India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyJAIN(Deemed-to-be University)Bangalore562112India School of Science Engineering and EnvironmentUniversity of SalfordManchesterM54WTUK University Centre for Research and Development Chandigarh UniversityMohali140413PunjabIndia Centre for Research Impact and Outcome Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and TechnologyChitkara UniversityRajpura140401PunjabIndia Department of Information Systems College ofComputer and Information SciencePrincessNourah bintAbdulrahmanUniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh11671Saudi Arabia College of Computer Science Informatics and Computer Systems Department King Khalid UniversityAbha61421Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence College of Computing and Information TechnologyUniversity of BishaBisha61922Saudi Arabia

Efficient energy management is a cornerstone of advancing cognitive cities,where AI,IoT,and cloud computing seamlessly integrate to meet escalating global energy *** this context,the ability to forecast electricity consumption with precision is vital,particularly in residential settings where usage patterns are highly variable and *** study presents an innovative approach to energy consumption forecasting using a bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)*** a dataset containing over twomillionmultivariate,time-series observations collected froma single household over nearly four years,ourmodel addresses the limitations of traditional time-series forecasting methods,which often struggle with temporal dependencies and non-linear *** bidirectional LSTM architecture processes data in both forward and backward directions,capturing past and future contexts at each time step,whereas existing unidirectional LSTMs consider only a single temporal *** design,combined with dropout regularization,leads to a 20.6%reduction in RMSE and an 18.8%improvement in MAE over conventional unidirectional LSTMs,demonstrating a substantial enhancement in prediction accuracy and *** to existing models—including SVM,Random Forest,MLP,ANN,and CNN—the proposed model achieves the lowest MAE of 0.0831 and RMSE of 0.2213 during testing,significantly outperforming these *** results highlight the model’s superior ability to navigate the complexities of energy usage patterns,reinforcing its potential application in AI-driven IoT and cloud-enabled energy management systems for cognitive *** integrating advanced machine learning techniqueswith IoT and cloud infrastructure,this research contributes to the development of intelligent,sustainable urban environments.

关键词： Deep learning bidirectional LSTM energy consumption forecasting time-series analysis predictive modeling machine learning in energy management

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Decision making framework for heterogeneous QoS information: an application to cloud service selection

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Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing 2023年第3期14卷 2915-2934页

作者： Tiwari, Rohit Kumar Kumar, Rakesh Baranwal, Gaurav Buyya, Rajkumar Department of Computer Science and Engineering Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology Gorakhpur273010 India Department of Computer Science BHU Varanasi India Cloud Computing and Distributed Systems Laboratory School of Computing and Information Systems University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia

In recent times, appropriate decision-making in challenging and critical situations has been very well supported by multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) methods. The technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) is the most widely used MCDM method for solving decision problems. However, it restricts decision-makers to use only one type of Quality of Service (QoS) information, and it suffers from the rank reversal problem. Restriction to only one type of QoS makes the decision problems more challenging, as it restricts the decision-makers freedom. Further, the rank reversal problem makes the decision result unreliable. To address these issues of TOPSIS, we have proposed a reliable rank reversal robust modular TOPSIS (RMo-TOPSIS). RMo-TOPSIS allows crisp, interval, fuzzy, intuitionistic and neutrosophic fuzzy QoS metrics. It does not suffer from the rank reversal problem. Cloud computing provides computing services on-demand basis without involving maintenance by its users. The availability of many cloud service providers and their services makes cloud service selection a challenging problem. To validate RMo-TOPSIS, we select the cloud service selection consisting of different types of QoS metrics as an application. Experiments on cloud service selection show consistency and accuracy in results obtained by RMo-TOPSIS and its robustness against rank reversal. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

关键词： Decision making

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Development of Detection Lung Disease Stand Alone System Based on Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) 7

Development of Detection Lung Disease Stand Alone System Bas...

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7th International Conference of computer and Informatics engineering, IC2IE 2024

作者： Liewarnata, Edgar Caesar Mariana, Yosica Tan, Sofyan Liawatimena, Suryadiputra Astuti, Winda Bina Nusantara University Binus Aso School of Engineering Automotive and Robotics Program Computer Engineering Department Jakarta11480 Indonesia Bina Nusantara University Binus Aso School of Engineering Product Design Program Industrial Engineering Department Jakarta11480 Indonesia Bina Nusantara University Binus Graduate Program - Master of Computer Science Automotive and Robotics Program Computer Engineering Department Binus Aso School of Engineering Computer Science Department Jakarta11480 Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9798331505530

Lung disease, especially Tuberculosis (TBC), placed the highest death rate in Indonesia. Tuberculosis (TB) in Indonesia is ranked second after India. Therefore, it is important to reduce or early detection of the lung disease, to prevent this disease and speed up handling. The system can recognize the disease lung identification, and the system applied as standalone system. In this work, the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) approach for identifying diseases lung identification is proposed. The Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC) applied to process the stethoscope sounds which will used as input to the CNN. The performance of the proposed system has been investigated and resulted. The accuracy of 99% and 98%, for training and testing accuracy respectively. Furthermore, the system accurately detects lung diseases identification. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Lung cancer

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