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2nd International Conference on Sustainability: Developments and Innovations, ICSDI 2024

作者： Khalid, Shehzad Ahmed, Zubair Noor, Ayesha Sedik, Ahmed Asif, Waqar Department of Computer Engineering Bahria University Islamabad Pakistan Smart Systems Engineering Laboratory College of Engineering Prince Sultan University Riyadh Saudi Arabia Computer Science and Cyber Security University of West London London United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9789819783441

Ensuring safety and security is paramount in today’s complex environment, and the effective detection of contraband items plays a pivotal role in achieving this objective. Contraband items, ranging from illegal substances to unauthorized goods, pose a threat to public safety, security, and the overall well-being of smart city inhabitants. Such items are currently detected by human operator reviewing the images from X-ray baggage scanners. However, manual detection of contraband items is inherently challenging and time-consuming resulting in significant delays at crowded places such as airports, train-stations, shopping malls etc. Moreover, there is a significant risk of overlooking certain items that could pose potential harm. To address these challenges, there is a growing demand for intelligent systems for contraband items detection that can efficiently and accurately detect items whilst minimizing false negatives. Automated deep learning solutions offer a sophisticated and technologically advanced approach to enhance the accuracy and speed of the detection process. In our pursuit to address this challenge comprehensively, we have obtained an X-ray Imaging Dataset specifically curated for this purpose. The dataset includes five types of objects including guns, knives, pliers, scissors, and wrenches that are typically banned to carry along. In this paper, we have proposed a deep learning-based approach to efficiently and accurately detect contraband items from X-ray images. The proposed approach is based on YOLO architectures that has been shown to perform better for object detection in variety of domains both in terms of accuracy and real-time performance. We have evaluated different versions of YOLO to select the version that works best for contraband item detection from X-ray images. Yolo-v8 has shown superior performance followed by Yolo-v5 in terms of accuracy. Challenges regarding class imbalance have been addressed using data augmentation especially for clas

关键词： Deep learning

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A Parallel Hybrid Testing Technique for Tri-programming Model-Based Software systems

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computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第2期74卷 4501-4530页

作者： Huda Basloom Mohamed Dahab Abdullah Saad AL-Ghamdi Fathy Eassa Ahmed Mohammed Alghamdi Seif Haridi Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computing and Information TechnologyKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems Faculty of Computing and Information TechnologyKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Department of Software Engineering College of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of JeddahJeddah21493Saudi Arabia KTH Royal Institute of Technology StockholmSweden

Recently,researchers have shown increasing interest in combining more than one programming model into systems running on high performance computing systems(HPCs)to achieve exascale by applying parallelism at multiple *** different programming paradigms,such as Message Passing Interface(MPI),Open Multiple Processing(OpenMP),and Open Accelerators(OpenACC),can increase computation speed and improve *** the integration of multiple models,the probability of runtime errors increases,making their detection difficult,especially in the absence of testing techniques that can detect these *** studies have been conducted to identify these errors,but no technique exists for detecting errors in three-level programming *** the increasing research that integrates the three programming models,MPI,OpenMP,and OpenACC,a testing technology to detect runtime errors,such as deadlocks and race conditions,which can arise from this integration has not been ***,this paper begins with a definition and explanation of runtime errors that result fromintegrating the three programming models that compilers cannot *** the first time,this paper presents a classification of operational errors that can result from the integration of the three *** paper also proposes a parallel hybrid testing technique for detecting runtime errors in systems built in the C++programming language that uses the triple programming models MPI,OpenMP,and *** hybrid technology combines static technology and dynamic technology,given that some errors can be detected using static techniques,whereas others can be detected using dynamic *** hybrid technique can detect more errors because it combines two distinct *** proposed static technology detects a wide range of error types in less time,whereas a portion of the potential errors that may or may not occur depending on the 4502 CMC,2023,vol.74,no.2 operating environme

关键词： Software testing hybrid testing technique OpenACC OpenMP MPI tri-programming model exascale computing

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Employing Feature engineering for River Stage Forecasting to Improve Hybrid Model Performance 32

Employing Feature Engineering for River Stage Forecasting to...

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32nd International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and computer Networks, SoftCOM 2024

作者： Mihel, Anna Maria Pecnik, Spela Vrbancic, Grega Lerga, Jonatan Krvavica, Nino University of Rijeka Faculty of Engineering Department of Computer Engineering Rijeka Croatia University of Maribor Intelligent Systems Laboratory Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Maribor Slovenia University of Rijeka Faculty of Civil Engineering Department of Hydrotechnics and Geotechnics Rijeka Croatia

ISBN: (纸本)9789532901382

Establishing early warning systems and efficient management of water resources in tidal reaches is crucial for achieving adequate flood protection. In tidal reaches, the river stage interacts non-linearly with tides (downstream) and discharge (upstream), making the modeling of river processes extremely complex. Data-driven methods have proven helpful for predicting the river stage parameter. This contrasts with existing numerical approaches, which suffer from several limitations. The aim of this study was to predict the river stage of the upstream part of the tidal river, where the influence of salinity is present during the summer months. Using the CNN-LSTM model trained on historical records of the discharge (station of the variable to be predicted), the river stage of three downstream stations, and the point of interest, the prediction was carried out up to 24 hours in advance. By incorporating feature engineering, we achieved an improvement in model results for the longest horizon, confirmed by standard performance metrics, and considered it efficient and effective for risk mitigation. Introducing feature engineering into the data preprocessing resulted in a predictive performance improvement of 0.98% for the Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) metric, 7.0% for the root mean squared error (RMSE) metric, and 7.25% for the mean absolute error (MAE) metric over the second and third-best scenarios using a spectrogram and time-series data. © 2024 University of Split, FESB.

关键词： Mean square error

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Developing a Smart Drip Infusion System to Elevate Precision in Healthcare 4

Developing a Smart Drip Infusion System to Elevate Precision...

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4th International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing and Intelligent Information systems, ICUIS 2024

作者： Molefinyane, Sefemo Yahya, Abid Hamsadhwani, V. Rohini, R. Samikannu, Ravi Begam, K.Maruliya Botswana International University of Science and Technology Department of Electrical and Communications Systems Engineering Palapye Botswana Periyar Maniammai Institute of Science and Technology Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Thanjavur India Vivekanandha College of Engineering for Women Department of Computer Science and Engineering Tiruchengode India Saveetha School of Engineering Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technology Science Department of Computer Science and Communications Engineering Tiruchengode India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331529635

Intravenous (IV) therapy is a critical component of modern healthcare, yet traditional IV systems are prone to human errors, manual adjustments, and limited monitoring capabilities, which can jeopardize patient safety and hinder healthcare efficiency. This paper presents the development of the Smartdrip IV Infusion System, a sophisticated and automated solution that integrates advanced sensors, control algorithms, and intuitive user interfaces to address these limitations. The Smartdrip system minimizes human intervention, provides real-time monitoring, and automates fluid administration with enhanced precision and safety features. The system demonstrates high reliability through simulation and prototype testing in detecting anomalies, issuing alerts, and ensuring accurate infusion rates, thereby improving patient outcomes and reducing healthcare provider workload. The results validate the Smartdrip system as a transformative approach to optimizing IV therapy in diverse clinical settings. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Automated Infusion System Drip Rate Monitoring Healthcare Automation Intravenous Therapy Patient

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Bluetooth Vulnerabilities and Security 7

Bluetooth Vulnerabilities and Security

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7th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Smart Computing and Informatics, ESCI 2025

作者： Mareeswari, V. Vijayan, R. Shukla, Ashish Department of Software and Systems Engineering School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems (SCORE) Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) Vellore India Department of Information Technology School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems (SCORE) Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) Vellore India School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems (SCORE) Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) Vellore India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331515683

Bluetooth technology, which facilitates wireless communication between Billions of devices including smartphones, tablets, laptops, and Internet of Thing (IoT) devices, is a cornerstone of modern connectivity. Its importance lies in its ability to enable seamless data exchange and interaction across a wide range of applications, from personal gadgets to complex industrial systems. Despite its widespread adoption, Bluetooth is not immune to critical security vulnerabilities. Issues like Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) vulnerabilities and denial-of-service (DoS) attacks can overwhelm devices with excessive traffic, while BLE Forced Connection can lead to unauthorized access, and eavesdropping exposes sensitive data being exchanged. We have discussed these vulnerabilities in detail, examining their mechanisms, potential impacts, and various implementation aspects. Additionally, we have added demonstrations to illustrate how these attacks can be executed and the potential consequences. To prevent these threats, we explored essential measures, including regular firmware updates, secure pairing protocols, and careful management of Bluetooth settings. Adopting best practices like disabling Bluetooth when not in use and monitoring connected devices can further enhance security, ensuring the reliable and safe operation of the vast and growing ecosystem of Bluetooth-enabled devices. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) Bluetooth Vulnerabilities Denial of Service (DoS) PIN Bypass Security Risks

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Leveraging Safe and Secure AI for Predictive Maintenance of Mechanical Devices Using Incremental Learning and Drift Detection

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第6期83卷 4979-4998页

作者： Prashanth B.S Manoj Kumar M.V. Nasser Almuraqab Puneetha B.H Department of Information Science and Engineering Nitte Meenakshi Institute of TechnologyVisvesvaraya Technological UniversityBelagavi590018India Department of Information Science and Engineering Nitte Meenakshi Institute of TechnologyBangalore560064India Dubai Business School University of DubaiAcademic CityDubaiP.O.Box 14143United Arab Emirates Department of Computer Science and Business Systems Bapuji Institute of Engineering and TechnologyDavangere577004India

Ever since the research in machine learning gained traction in recent years,it has been employed to address challenges in a wide variety of domains,including mechanical *** of the machine learning models are built on the assumption of a static learning environment,but in practical situations,the data generated by the process is *** evolution of the data is termed concept *** research paper presents an approach for predictingmechanical failure in real-time using incremental learning based on the statistically calculated parameters of mechanical *** method proposed here is applicable to allmechanical devices that are susceptible to failure or operational *** proposed method in this paper is equipped with the capacity to detect the drift in data generation and *** proposed approach evaluates the machine learning and deep learning models for their efficacy in handling the errors related to industrial machines due to their dynamic *** is observed that,in the settings without concept drift in the data,methods like SVM and Random Forest performed better compared to deep neural ***,this resulted in poor sensitivity for the smallest drift in the machine data reported as a *** this perspective,DNN generated the stable drift detection method;it reported an accuracy of 84%and an AUC of 0.87 while detecting only a single drift point,indicating the stability to performbetter in detecting and adapting to new data in the drifting environments under industrial measurement settings.

关键词： Incremental learning drift detection real-time failure prediction deep neural network proactive machine health monitoring

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An Attention-Based Deep Network for Plant Disease Classification

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Machine Graphics and Vision 2024年第1期33卷 47-67页

作者： Bera, Asish Bhattacharjee, Debotosh Krejcar, Ondrej Department of Computer Science and Information Systems Birla Institute of Technology and Science Rajasthan Pilani India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Jadavpur University West Bengal Kolkata India Center for Basic and Applied Science Faculty of Informatics and Management University of Hradec Králové Czech Republic Škoda Auto University Mladá Boleslav Czech Republic Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

Plant disease classification using machine learning in a real agricultural field environment is a difficult task. Often, an automated plant disease diagnosis method might fail to capture and interpret discriminatory information due to small variations among leaf sub-categories. Yet, modern Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have achieved decent success in discriminating various plant diseases using leave images. A few existing methods have applied additional pre-processing modules or sub-networks to tackle this challenge. Sometimes, the feature maps ignore partial information for holistic description by part-mining. A deep CNN that emphasizes integration of partial descriptiveness of leaf regions is proposed in this work. The efficacious attention mechanism is integrated with high-level feature map of a base CNN for enhancing feature representation. The proposed method focuses on important diseased areas in leaves, and employs an attention weighting scheme for utilizing useful neighborhood information. The proposed Attention-based network for Plant Disease Classification (APDC) method has achieved state-of-the-art performances on four public plant datasets containing visual/thermal images. The best top-1 accuracies attained by the proposed APDC are: PlantPathology 97.74%, PaddyCrop 99.62%, PaddyDoctor 99.65%, and PlantVillage 99.97%. These results justify the suitability of proposed method. © 2024 Institute of Information Technology, Warsaw University of Life sciences - SGGW. All rights reserved.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Toward Parallelization Technique for Stream-based Lossless Data Compression

Toward Parallelization Technique for Stream-based Lossless D...

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2023 IEEE International Conference on Big Data, BigData 2023

作者： Kato, Taiki Yamagiwa, Shinichi Wada, Koichi Master's Program in Computer Science Degree Program in Systems and Information Engineering University of Tsukuba Ibalaki Tsukuba Japan University of Tsukuba Faculty of Engineering Information and Systems Ibalaki Tsukuba Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350324457

IoT edge platform has become popular in various distributed environments. The edge devices need to communicate BigData among them or with the cloud servers by collaborating with AI technologies for finding events from the applications. Those devices exchange data streams from such as distributed sensors and remote image/video devices. We focus on an acceleration technique for the communication performance using a stream-based lossless data compression technology. This paper proposes a parallelization technique for the compression process in a software environment running on a multicore processor. The technique invokes concurrent compression processes assigned to multiple threads with splitting a data stream to chunks. The paper exposes three scheduling methods for assigning the chunks to the threads: in-order, hybrid and out-of-order. As an original data order of chunks must be obtained in decompression side, the proposed technique introduces packeting mechanisms in each chunk by adding headers to support the scheduling methods. Through experimental performance evaluations, we discuss the packeting overhead focusing on compression ratio and speedup by the parallelization with three scheduling methods. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Data Stream IoT Lossless Data Compression Multi-Threading Parallelization

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Ontologies in Design: How Imagining a Tree Reveals Possibilities and Assumptions in Large Language Models 25

Ontologies in Design: How Imagining a Tree Reveals Possibili...

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2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing systems, CHI 2025

作者： Haghighi, Nava Yu, Sunny Landay, James A. Rosner, Daniela Computer Science Stanford University StanfordCA United States Symbolic Systems Program Stanford University StanfordCA United States Computer Science Department Stanford University StanfordCA United States Human Centered Design & Engineering University of Washington SeattleWA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798400713941

Amid the recent uptake of Generative AI, sociotechnical scholars and critics have traced a multitude of resulting harms, with analyses largely focused on values and axiology (e.g., bias). While value-based analyses are crucial, we argue that ontologies - concerning what we allow ourselves to think or talk about - is a vital but under-recognized dimension in analyzing these systems. Proposing a need for a practice-based engagement with ontologies, we offer four orientations for considering ontologies in design: pluralism, groundedness, liveliness, and enactment. We share examples of potentialities that are opened up through these orientations across the entire LLM development pipeline by conducting two ontological analyses: examining the responses of four LLM-based chatbots in a prompting exercise, and analyzing the architecture of an LLM-based agent simulation. We conclude by sharing opportunities and limitations of working with ontologies in the design and development of sociotechnical systems. © 2025 Copyright held by the owner/author(s). Publication rights licensed to ACM.

关键词： Ontology

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Performance Enhancement of Stream-Based Decompression Process by Notifying Compression Buffer Size 28

Performance Enhancement of Stream-Based Decompression Proces...

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28th IEEE Symposium on computers and Communications, ISCC 2023

作者： Kato, Taiki Yamagiwa, Shinichi Marumo, Koichi University of Tsukuba Master's Program in Computer Science Degree Program in Systems and Information Engineering Ibalaki Tsukuba Japan University of Tsukuba Faculty of Engineering Information and Systems Ibalaki Tsukuba Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350300482

This paper focuses on a performance enhancement of communication performance by compressing data stream. ASE coding is an effective lossless data compression method for data stream. The software implementation of the coding/decoding method inevitably meets a performance mismatch in memory and storage devices. In the compressor side, it is predictable to decide the size of an original data block and is available to process a flexible buffer memory. However, the decompressor is not able to predict the buffer size because the original data size is not obvious before the decompression. This causes a performance mismatch in the filesystem level. This paper proposes a novel method to address the performance mismatch by applying a notification mechanism of compression size from the compressor. This paper describes the mechanism focusing on the system call usage. Through experimental evaluations, we show the performance improvement of the decompression performance for handling data stream. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Virtual storage

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