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Driver Drowsiness Detection Using Swin Transformer and Diffusion Models for Robust Image Denoising

IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 71880-71907页

作者： El-Nabi, Samy Abd Ibrahim, Ahmed F. El-Rabaie, El-Sayed M. Hassan, Osama F. Soliman, Naglaa F. Ramadan, Khalil F. El-Shafai, Walid Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering Department of Artificial Intelligence Engineering South Sinai 46511 Egypt Menoufia University Faculty of Electronic Engineering Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Menouf32952 Egypt Suez Canal University Faculty of Computers and Informatics Information Systems Department Ismailia41522 Egypt Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University College of Computer and Information Sciences Department of Information Technology P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh11671 Saudi Arabia Computer Science Department Riyadh11586 Saudi Arabia

With the rapid development of intelligent transportation systems and growing emphasis on driver safety, real-time detection of driver drowsiness has become a critical area of research. This study presents a robust and scalable driver drowsiness detection framework that integrates a Swin Transformer-based deep learning model with a diffusion model for image denoising. While conventional convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are effective in standard vision tasks, they often suffer performance degradation in real-world driving scenarios due to noise, poor lighting, motion blur, and adversarial attacks. To address these challenges, the proposed model focuses on eye-state detection, specifically, prolonged eye closure, as a primary indicator of driver disengagement and fatigue. Our system introduces a novel preprocessing stage using a denoising diffusion model built on a U-Net encoder-decoder architecture, effectively mitigating the impact of Gaussian noise and adversarial perturbations. Additionally, we incorporate adversarial training with Fast Gradient Sign Method (FGSM) and Projected Gradient Descent (PGD) attacks, demonstrating significant improvements in classification accuracy and resilience. Evaluations are conducted on two benchmark datasets, Eye-Blink and Closed Eyes in the Wild (CEW), under both clean and noisy conditions. Comparative experiments show that the proposed system outperforms several state-of-the-art models, including ViT, ResNet50V2, InceptionV3, MobileNet, DenseNet169, and VGG19, in terms of accuracy (up to 99.82%), PSNR (up to 41.61 dB), and SSIM (up to 0.984), while maintaining competitive inference times suitable for practical deployment. Moreover, a detailed sensitivity analysis of data augmentation strategies reveals that techniques such as rotation and horizontal flip substantially enhance the model’s generalization across variable visual inputs. The system also demonstrates improved robustness under real-world black-box scenarios and adver

关键词： Sensitivity analysis

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Smart Hybrid Mini-Xception Model and Eyebrow Displacement-Based Stress Level and Emotion Detection System 12th

Smart Hybrid Mini-Xception Model and Eyebrow Displacement-Ba...

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12th International Conference on Recent Trends in Computing, ICRTC 2024

作者： Bhuvana, S. Anantha Prabha, P. Deva Priya, M. Christy Jeba Malar, A. Karthick, S. School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore India Department of Computer Science and Engineering PSG Institute of Technology and Applied Research Tamilnadu Coimbatore India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Karpagam College of Engineering Tamilnadu Coimbatore India Department of Information Technology Sri Krishna College of Technology Tamilnadu Coimbatore India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Delhi - NCR Campus SRM Institute of Science and Technology Uttar Pradesh Ghaziabad India

ISBN: (纸本)9789819789450

Stress is a state of mental or emotional strain due to adversative or challenging situations. A human may undergo bad life experiences or events, and it is a significant issue to be dealt in today's society. It comes as a result of family situations, health concerns, work environments and people's behavior among other things. It affects people of various ages, including children, teenagers, middle-aged people and senior citizens. It has serious consequences affecting human body and life. These problems can be addressed by detecting mental stress at an early stage. The main goal of the propounded system is to identify human stress using a pre-trained Mini-Xception model. Additional measures such as eye moments, mouth activity and head motion are employed for determining the level of human stress. FER2013 dataset is used and the system is tested for all kinds of emotions. Human stress level is experimented by capturing video using webcam. From the experimental outcomes, it is evident that the proposed system offers better performance in terms of Precision, Accuracy, Specificity and Sensitivity in contrast to traditional methods. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Eyebrow displacement FER2013 dataset Mini-Xception model Stress detection

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Recognition of American sign language using modified deep residual CNN with modified canny edge segmentation

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-28页

作者： Hariharan, U. Devarajan, Devikanniga Kumar, P. Santhosh Rajkumar, K. Meena, M. Akilan, T. Department of Computer Science and Engineering Apex Institute of Technology Chandigarh University Punjab Mohali140413 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering GITAM University Karnataka Bengaluru561203 India Department of Information Technology Faculty of Engineering and technology SRM Institute of Science and Technology Ramapuram Tamil Nadu Chennai600089 India Department of Data Science and Business Systems School of Computing Faculty of Engineering and Technology SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Tamil Nadu Chennai603203 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sri Sairam Engineering College Tamil Nadu Tambaram602109 India Research Coordinator Dept. of IQAC Amity University Kolkata West Bengal 700135 India

American Sign Language (ASL) recognition aims to recognize hand gestures, and it is a crucial solution to communicating between the deaf community and hearing people. However, existing sign language recognition algorithms still have some drawbacks, such as difficulty recognizing hand movements and low recognition accuracy for most sign language recognition. A Modified Convolutional Neural Network (MCNN) deep residual 101 classifier-based American Sign Language identification system has been developed to address this problem. There are three main parts presents in the method. The first part is pre-processing the images to remove the noise, enhance the contrast of the picture, adjust the contrast level and smoothen the picture using various filters. The second part is the segmentation, and it’s used to partition the image using a modified canny edge detection method by removing all weak edges present in the image. Finally, classification will be done using the Modified CNN deep residual 101 classifiers. By classifying the image, the American Sign Language is accurately identified. This process is conducted through images. The outcome shows that the suggested approach has a 0.97% accuracy and a 0.05% False Positive Rate. Other CNN architectures such as resNet 50 and resNet 18 reached 0.90% and 0.80% accuracy, respectively, which is lower than our proposed method. In addition, the resNet 101 classifier effectively recognizes the difficult hand gestures through the image data. It obtains high recognition accuracy for 36 signs is 0 to 9 numbers and a to z alphabets from American Sign Language. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Cost-Optimized Task Offloading for Dependent Applications in Collaborative Edge and Cloud Computing

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第9期12卷 12975-12988页

作者： Yuan, Haitao Hu, Qinglong Wang, Shen Bi, Jing Buyya, Rajkumar Lu, Jinhu Yang, Jinhong Zhang, Jia Zhou, MengChu Beihang University School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering Beijing100191 China City University of Hong Kong Department of Computer Science Kowloon Tong Hong Kong Beijing University of Technology School of Software Engineering Faculty of Information Technology Beijing100124 China Laboratory School of Computing and Information Systems MelbourneVIC3010 Australia CSSC Systems Engineering Research Institute Beijing100036 China Southern Methodist University Lyle School of Engineering Department of Computer Science DallasTX75205 United States New Jersey Institute of Technology Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering NewarkNJ07102 United States

A collaborative system that includes mobile devices (MDs), edge nodes (ENs), and the cloud is needed where ENs at the network edge can run offloaded tasks of MDs with limited resources and energy for timely processing for latency-sensitive applications. Unlike existing studies, we formulate a total cost minimization problem for the system for applications, which can be divided into several interdependent subtasks. Each subtask can be executed in MDs, ENs, and the cloud. This work formulates a mixed-integer nonlinear program to minimize the total system cost. To address it, a novel meta-heuristic optimization algorithm called Genetic Simulated-annealing-based Particle swarm optimization with Auto-Encoder (GSPAE) is proposed, which innovatively combines feature extraction of deep learning and global search of meta-heuristic optimization. Genetic operations provide diverse solutions, the Metropolis acceptance of annealing offers a robust global search, and autoencoders (AEs) extract distribution characteristics of particles toward high-quality regions for fast convergence. Thus, GSPAE optimizes the associations between ENs and MDs and the scheduling of subtasks among MDs, ENs, and the cloud. Experiments with large-scale Google cluster datasets show that compared to state-of-the-art benchmark methods, GSPAE reduces the total cost by at least 17% while strictly meeting limits of application latency, available energy, computing, and communication resources of ENs and MDs. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Mobile edge computing

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A New Cybersecurity Approach Enhanced by xAI-Derived Rules to Improve Network Intrusion Detection and SIEM

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第5期83卷 1607-1621页

作者： Federica Uccello Marek Pawlicki Salvatore D'Antonio RafałKozik MichałChoras Centro Direzionale Department of EngineeringUniversity of Naples‘Parthenope’Isola C4Napoli80133Italy Department of Computer and Information Science Software and SystemsLinköping UniversityLinköping58183Sweden ITTI Sp.z o.o. Pozna´n61-612Poland Faculty of Telecommunications Computer Science and Electrical EngineeringBydgoszcz University of Science and TechnologyBydgoszcz85-796Poland

The growing sophistication of cyberthreats,among others the Distributed Denial of Service attacks,has exposed limitations in traditional rule-based Security Information and Event Management *** machine learning–based intrusion detection systems can capture complex network behaviours,their“black-box”nature often limits trust and actionable insight for security *** study introduces a novel approach that integrates Explainable Artificial Intelligence—xAI—with the Random Forest classifier to derive human-interpretable rules,thereby enhancing the detection of Distributed Denial of Service(DDoS)*** proposed framework combines traditional static rule formulation with advanced xAI techniques—SHapley Additive exPlanations and Scoped Rules-to extract decision criteria from a fully trained *** methodology was validated on two benchmark datasets,CICIDS2017 and *** rules were evaluated against conventional Security Information and Event Management systems rules with metrics such as precision,recall,accuracy,balanced accuracy,and Matthews Correlation *** results demonstrate that xAI-derived rules consistently outperform traditional static ***,the most refined xAI-generated rule achieved near-perfect performance with significantly improved detection of DDoS traffic while maintaining high accuracy in classifying benign traffic across both datasets.

关键词： Cybersecurity explainable artificial intelligence intrusion detection system rule-based SIEM distributed denial of service

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Smart Grid Security Framework for Data Transmissions with Adaptive Practices Using Machine Learning Algorithm

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第3期82卷 4339-4369页

作者： Shitharth Selvarajan Hariprasath Manoharan Taher Al-Shehari Hussain Alsalman Taha Alfakih School of Built Environment Engineering and ComputingLeeds Beckett UniversityLeedsLS13HEUK Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chennai Institute of TechnologyChennai602109India Centre for Research Impact & Outcome Chitkara UniversityChandigarh140401India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Panimalar Engineering CollegeChennai600123India Department of Self-Development Skill Common First Year DeanshipKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11362Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11543Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11543Saudi Arabia

This research presents an analysis of smart grid units to enhance connected units’security during data *** major advantage of the proposed method is that the system model encompasses multiple aspects such as network flow monitoring,data expansion,control association,throughput,and *** addition,all the above-mentioned aspects are carried out with neural networks and adaptive optimizations to enhance the operation of smart grid ***,the quantitative analysis of the optimization algorithm is discussed concerning two case studies,thereby achieving early convergence at reduced *** suggested method ensures that each communication unit has its own distinct channels,maximizing the possibility of accurate *** results in the provision of only the original data values,hence enhancing *** power and line values are individually observed to establish control in smart grid-connected channels,even in the presence of adaptive settings.A comparison analysis is conducted to showcase the results,using simulation studies involving four scenarios and two case *** proposed method exhibits reduced complexity,resulting in a throughput gain of over 90%.

关键词： Machine learning power systems security smart grid

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Robust Authentication: Leveraging Hardware Fingerprints and AI to Enhance Security Against Spoofing

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 86912-86926页

作者： Nimmy, K. Jain, Kurunandan Sachin, S.M. Abekaesh, P.A. Venkitasubramaniam, Parv Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Amrita School of Computing Department of Computer Science and Engineering Amritapuri India Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Center for Cybersecurity Systems and Networks Amritapuri India Lehigh University Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering United States

Fingerprint authentication blends biometric precision with user convenience, leveraging unique ridge patterns for fast, reliable, and tamper-resistant identity verification. However, it remains vulnerable to spoofing attacks, where adversaries create synthetic fingerprints using materials like gelatin. To mitigate this, multi-factor authentication (MFA) enhances security by verifying both the fingerprint and the user’s device, restricting access to authorized hardware and complicating attacks. Although Photo Response Non-Uniformity (PRNU) has been explored for device authentication, its reliability diminishes under varying lighting conditions. To address this, we propose an AI-driven approach to generate robust hardware fingerprints from fingerprint scanners, enabling high-accuracy device identification. Our method, trained on 2,000 fingerprint images from 10 scanners, achieves an impressive 98% accuracy in identifying the source scanner. By integrating fingerprint biometrics, hardware fingerprints, and passwords, our novel MFA protocol significantly enhances security against spoofing and forgery attacks. Through security analysis, we demonstrate its effectiveness in preventing unauthorized access. Finally, we validate our authentication framework using an AI-powered binary classifier model, showcasing its practicality for real-world security applications. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： AI-based classification hardware fingerprint multifactor authentication (MFA) mutual authentication protocol photo-response non-uniformity (PRNU)

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Exploring Author Style in Nakba Short Stories: A Comparative Study of Transformer-Based Models 1

Exploring Author Style in Nakba Short Stories: A Comparative...

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1st International Workshop on Nakba Narratives as Language Resources, Nakba-NLP 2025

作者： Hamed, Osama Zaidkilani, Nadeem Department of Computer Systems Engineering Palestine Technical University-Kadoorie Palestine Department of Computer Engineering and Security Mathematics University Rovira i Virgili Spain Department of Engineering and Technology Al-Zaytona University of Science and Technology Palestine

ISBN: (纸本)9798891762169

Measuring semantic similarity and analyzing authorial style are fundamental tasks in Natural Language Processing (NLP), with applications in text classification, cultural analysis, and literary studies. This paper investigates the semantic similarity and stylistic features of Nakba short stories, a key component of Palestinian literature, using transformer-based models, AraBERT, BERT, and RoBERTa. The models effectively capture nuanced linguistic structures, cultural contexts, and stylistic variations in Arabic narratives, outperforming the traditional TF-IDF baseline. By comparing stories of similar length, we minimize biases and ensure a fair evaluation of both semantic and stylistic relationships. Experimental results indicate that RoBERTa achieves slightly higher performance, highlighting its ability to distinguish subtle stylistic patterns. This study demonstrates the potential of AI-driven tools to provide more in-depth insights into Arabic literature, and contributes to the systematic analysis of both semantic and stylistic elements in Nakba narratives. © 2025 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Computational linguistics

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Prediction of Covid-19 Recovery Chances Using Supervised Machine Learning Classification 5th

Prediction of Covid-19 Recovery Chances Using Supervised Mac...

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5th International Conference on Innovative Product Design and Intelligent Manufacturing systems, ICIPDIMS 2023

作者： Dhanalakshmi, R. Nivashini, A. Vijayaraghavan, N. Centre for Cyber Physical Systems School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai India Department of Computer Science and Engineering MNM Jain Engineering College Chennai India Department of Mathematics KCG College of Technology Chennai India

ISBN: (纸本)9789819767311

Predictive analytics if combined with machine learning approaches have the potential to play a significant role in forecasting the spread of respiratory infections. Machine learning approaches aid in the mining of data to better assess and forecast the presence or absence of covid-19 infection. In this paper, XGBoost Ensemble Classification using a fine-tuned approach is being used. Various machine learning algorithms are being analyzed and XGBoost Ensemble Classification algorithm is used to forecast and predict the covid-19 infected patient recovery chances that is the possible outcome of a covid-19 infected patient along with the prediction probability of recovery. The suggested categorization model is applied to a variety of situations. When compared to other ensemble models like random forest, hybrid ensemble and other individual classifiers such as decision tree, logistic regression, K-nearest neighbor, support vector machine and Naive Bayes, the XGBoost Ensemble Classification model gave the highest accuracy. Predicting the correct class is important. Thus, the proposed system discusses the possibility of automated prediction for covid-19 infected patient recovery chances along with the probability of recovery and the effectiveness of such predictions. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： COVID-19

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Arabic Topic Classification Corpus of the Nakba Short Stories 1

Arabic Topic Classification Corpus of the Nakba Short Storie...

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1st International Workshop on Nakba Narratives as Language Resources, Nakba-NLP 2025

ISBN: (纸本)9798891762169

In this paper, we enrich Arabic Natural Language Processing (NLP) resources by introducing the "Nakba Topic Classification Corpus (NTCC)," a novel annotated Arabic corpus derived from narratives about the Nakba. The NTCC comprises approximately 470 sentences extracted from eight short stories and captures the thematic depth of the Nakba narratives, providing insights into both historical and personal dimensions. The corpus was annotated in a two-step process. One third of the dataset was manually annotated, achieving an IAA of 87% (later resolved to 100%), while the rest was annotated using a rule-based system based on thematic patterns. This approach ensures consistency and reproducibility, enhancing the corpus’s reliability for NLP research. The NTCC contributes to the preservation of the Palestinian cultural heritage while addressing key challenges in Arabic NLP, such as data scarcity and linguistic complexity. By like topic modeling and classification tasks, the NTCC offers a valuable resource for advancing Arabic NLP research and fostering a deeper understanding of the Nakba narratives. © 2025 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Computational linguistics

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