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Congress on Evolutionary Computation

作者： Micael S. Couceiro Rui P. Rocha Nuno M. F. Ferreira Patricia A. Vargas Institute of Systems and Robotics University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal Department of Electrical Engineering Engineering Institute of Coimbra Robo Corporation Coimbra Portugal Robotics Laboratory School of Mathematical and Computer Science Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh UK

ISBN: (纸本)9781479904532

The Robotic Darwinian Particle Swarm Optimization (RDPSO) recently introduced in the literature has the ability to dynamically partition the whole population of robots based on simple “punish-reward” rules. Although this evolutionary algorithm enables the reduction of the amount of required information exchange among robots, a further analysis on the communication complexity of the RDPSO needs to be carried out so as to evaluate its scalability. This paper analyses the architecture of the RDPSO communication system, thus describing the dynamics of the communication data packet structure shared between teammates. Moreover, a set of simple communication rules is also proposed in order to reduce the communication overhead within swarms of robots. Experimental results with teams of 15 real robots show that the proposed methodology reduces the communication overhead, thus improving the scalability and applicability of the RDPSO algorithm.

关键词： Robot kinematics Robot sensing systems Mobile ad hoc networks Complexity theory Spread spectrum communication Force

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GES tightly coupled attitude estimation based on a LBL/USBL positioning system

GES tightly coupled attitude estimation based on a LBL/USBL ...

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European Control Conference (ECC)

作者： Pedro Batista Carlos Silvestre Paulo Oliveira Institute for Systems and Robotics Universidade Técnica de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Science and Technology of the University of Macau.

ISBN: (纸本)9781479901890

Typical attitude estimation solutions for underwater vehicles rely on magnetometers, which are prone to magnetic field distortions. This can preclude its use in intervention scenarios, in the vicinity of objects with strong magnetic signatures, severely endangering not only the intervention mission but also the operation of the underwater vehicle. This paper presents a novel attitude estimation solution, based on a combined Long Baseline / Ultra Short Baseline (LBL/USBL) acoustic positioning system, with application to underwater vehicles. The range and range differences of arrival obtained with the LBL/USBL are directly embedded in the estimator dynamics, without any linearization whatsoever, and globally exponentially stable (GES) error dynamics are achieved. Simulation results evidence good performance of the proposed solution.

关键词： Observers Vehicles Acoustics Vehicle dynamics Vectors Magnetometers

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Underwater Target Positioning with a Single Acoustic Sensor

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2013年第33期46卷 233-238页

作者： D. Moreno-Salinas A.M. Pascoal J. Aranda Department of Computer Science and Automatic Control National University Distance Education (UNED) Spain Laboratory of Robotics and Systems in Engineering and Science (LARSyS) Instituto Superior Tecnico (IST) University of Lisbon Portugal Adjunct Scientist National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) Goa India

The availability of reliable underwater positioning systems to localize one or more vehicles simultaneously based on information received on-board a support ship or an autonomous surface vessel is key to the operation of some classes of AUVs. Furthermore, there is considerable interest in reducing the number of sensors involved in acoustic navigation/positioning systems to reduce the costs involved and the time consumed in the deployment, callibration, and recovery phases. Motivated by these considerations, in this paper we address the problem of single underwater target positioning based on measurements of the ranges between the target and a moving sensor at the sea surface, obtained via acoustic ranging devices. In particular, and speaking in loose terms, we are interested in determining the optimal geometric trajectory of the surface sensor that will, in a well defined sense, maximize the range-related information available for underwater target positioning. To this effect, an appropriate Fisher Information Matrix is defined and its determinant is maximized to yield the sensor trajectory that maximizes the accuracy of the target position estimate that can possibly be obtained with any unbiased estimator. It is shown that the optimal trajectory depends on the relative velocity of the sensor, the sampling time between measurements, and the number of measurements acquired for the FIM computation. Simulation examples illustrate the key results derived.

关键词： Autonomous Vehicles Underwater Navigation Optimal Sensor Placement Positioning Fisher Information Matrix Cramer-Rao Bound

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Human-robotic collaborative intelligent control for reaching performance

Human-robotic collaborative intelligent control for reaching...

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7th International Conference on Foundations of Augmented Cognition, AC 2013, Held as Part of 15th International Conference on Human-computer Interaction, HCI International 2013

作者： Gentili, Rodolphe J. Oh, Hyuk Shuggi, Isabelle M. Goodman, Ronald N. Rietschel, Jeremy C. Hatfield, Bradley D. Reggia, James A. Department of Kinesiology Cognitive Motor Neuroscience Laboratory University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 United States Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 United States Maryland Robotics Center University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 United States Institute for Systems Research University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 United States Veterans Health Administration Maryland Exercise and Robotics Center of Excellence Baltimore MD 21201 United States Department of Computer Science University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 United States Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783642394539

In most human-robot interfaces, the user completely controls the robot that operates as a passive tool without adaptation capabilities. However, a synergetic human-robot interface where both agents collaborate could improve the user's performance while reducing the cognitive and physical workload. Specifically, when considering this framework applied to rehabilitation, we examined a shared collaborative control between a human user and an adaptive biologically inspired neurocontroller in order to perform reaching movements with a simulated prosthetic arm. When this neurocontroller was enabled, it progressively learned from the user to control the prosthetic arm, increasing its role in the shared performance and facilitating the user's reaching movements. This resulted in the user's performance enhancement and in a reduction of his/her cognitive workload. The long term goal of this work is to contribute to the development of the next generation of intelligent human-robotic interfaces for rehabilitation. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

关键词： Adaptive control systems

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Sensor-based Globally Asymptotically Stable Range-Only Simultaneous Localization and Mapping

Sensor-based Globally Asymptotically Stable Range-Only Simul...

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IEEE Annual Conference on Decision and Control

作者： Pedro Lourenco Pedro Batista Paulo Oliveira Carlos Silvestre C. L. Philip Chen Institute for Systems and Robotics Instituto Superior Tecnico Universidade de Lisboa Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Science and Technology of the University of Macau

ISBN: (纸本)9781467357159

Range-only simultaneous localization and mapping is addressed in this paper, through the design, analysis, and experimental validation of a globally asymptotically stable (GAS) filter. A nonlinear sensor-based system is designed and its dynamics augmented so that the proposed formulation can be considered as linear time-varying for the purpose of observability analysis. This allows the establishment of observability results related to the original nonlinear system that naturally lead to the design of a Kalman filter with GAS error dynamics. The performance of the proposed algorithm is assessed resorting to a set of realistic simulations and to the results obtained from experimental tests.

关键词： design analysis simultaneous localization and mapping Kalman filters asymptotic Observability realistic simulation dynamics Sensor systems gas filters

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An Investigation on the Accuracy of Regional Ocean Models Through Field Trials

An Investigation on the Accuracy of Regional Ocean Models Th...

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IEEE International Conference on robotics and Automation

作者： Ryan N. Smith Kimia Nazarzadeh Jonathan Kelly Gaurav S. Sukhatme School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Queensland University of Technology Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia. Robust Robotics Group Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02142 USA. Robotic Embedded Systems Laboratory Department of Computer Science University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089 USA.

ISBN: (纸本)9781467356404

Recent efforts in mission planning for underwater vehicles have utilised predictive models to aid in navigation, optimal path planning and drive opportunistic sampling. Although these models provide information at a unprecedented resolutions and have proven to increase accuracy and effectiveness in multiple campaigns, most are deterministic in nature. Thus, predictions cannot be incorporated into probabilistic planning frameworks, nor do they provide any metric on the variance or confidence of the output variables. In this paper, we provide an initial investigation into determining the confidence of ocean model predictions based on the results of multiple field deployments of two autonomous underwater vehicles. For multiple missions of two autonomous gliders conducted over a two-month period in 2011, we compare actual vehicle executions to simulations of the same missions through the Regional Ocean Modeling System in an ocean region off the coast of southern California. This comparison provides a qualitative analysis of the current velocity predictions for areas within the selected deployment region. Ultimately, we present a spatial heat-map of the correlation between the ocean model predictions and the actual mission executions. Knowing where the model provides unreliable predictions can be incorporated into planners to increase the utility and application of the deterministic estimations.

关键词： Regional Ocean Models Through Field Trials mission planning underwater vehicles

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Global Trajectory Tracking for a Class of Underactuated Vehicles

Global Trajectory Tracking for a Class of Underactuated Vehi...

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American Control Conference

作者： Pedro Casau Ricardo G. Sanfelice Rita Cunha David Cabecinhas Carlos Silvestre Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Institute for Robotics and Systems in Engineering and Science (LARSyS) Instituto Superior Técnico Universidade Técnica de Lisboa 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering University of Arizona 1130 N. Mountain Ave AZ 85721

ISBN: (纸本)9781479901777

In this paper, we address the problem of trajectory tracking for a class of underactuated vehicles with full torque actuation and only one dimensional force actuation (thrust). For this class of vehicles, the desired thrust is defined by a saturated control law that achieves global asymptotic stabilization of the position tracking error. The proposed control law also assures that the third component of the angular velocity is regulated to zero. To accomplish this task we propose a hybrid controller that is designed using backstepping techniques and recent developments on synergistic Lyapunov functions. Simulations validating the results are also provided.

关键词： position tracking error angular velocity is regulated to zero results are also provided trajectory tracking Location tracking vehicle peak torque Classes control law ANGULAR VELOCITY Activation thrust saturating control

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HRI Pioneers Workshop 2013 13

HRI Pioneers Workshop 2013

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ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI)

作者： Solace Shen Henny Admoni Caroline Harriott Yunkyung Kim Matt Marge Marynel Vázquez Astrid Rosenthal-von der Pütten Matt Beane Yasuhiko Hato Daniel Lazewatsky Robin Read Steve Vozar Department of Psychology University of Washington Seattle USA Department of Social Psychology University of Duisburg-Essen Duisburg Germany Department of Computer Science Yale University New Haven USA Sloan School of Management Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge USA Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science Vanderbilt University Nashville USA Graduate School of Science & Technology Keio University Yokohama Japan Department of Industrial Design Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Daejeon South Korea Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Oregon State University Corvallis USA Language Technologies Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh USA Centre for Robotics & Neural Systems University of Plymouth Plymouth UK Robotics Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh USA Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781467330558

The 2013 Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) Pioneers Workshop, which will be held in conjunction with the 8 th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, is the premiere venue for student research in the field. This highly selective workshop seeks to foster creativity, communication, and collaboration between the world's top student researchers in the field of human-robot interaction. Pioneers Workshop participants will have the opportunity to learn about the current state of HRI, to present their research, and to network with one another and with select senior researchers in a setting that is less formal and more interactive then the main conference. The theme for this year is Re-envisioning HRI: Dealing With the Elephants in Our Room. The workshop aims to bring forward difficult to discuss issues to help the field achieve more balanced perspectives and a clearer picture of what sort of future we are building.

关键词： Educational institutions Conferences Human-robot interaction Psychology computer science Service robots

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A new hand exoskeleton device for rehabilitation using a three-layered sliding spring mechanism

A new hand exoskeleton device for rehabilitation using a thr...

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IEEE International Conference on robotics and Automation

作者： Jumpei Arata Keiichi Ohmoto Roger Gassert Olivier Lambercy Hideo Fujimoto Ikuo Wada Department of Computer Science and Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso-cho Showa-ku Nagoya 466-8555 Japan. Rehabilitation Engineering Laboratory Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems ETH Zurich 8092 Zurich Switzerland. Department of Rehabilitation Nagoya City University Hospital 1-Kawasumi MIzuho-cho Mizuho-ku Nagoya 467-8602 Japan.

ISBN: (纸本)9781467356404

In this paper, a new hand exoskeleton device using a three-layered sliding spring mechanism is presented. In contrast to state of the art hand exoskeleton mechanisms (typically link, wire or pneumatically driven), the proposed mechanism is driven through large deformations of the compliant mechanism body. The mechanism can be made compact and lightweight by adequately positioning the compliant elements. In addition, the mechanism is designed to distribute 1-DOF actuated linear motion into three rotational motions of the finger joints, which translate into natural finger flexion/extension. The primary applicatoin of the proposed mechanism is to provide robotic support during physical therapy at the hospital (e.g. Continuous Passive Motion). However, thanks to its light and wearable structure, the proposed device could also be used at home as an assistive/therapeutic device to support activities of daily living. We introduce the mechanical structure of the three-layered sliding spring mechanism, present a prototype implementation as a hand exoskeleton device, and provide a preliminary evaluation.

关键词： three-layered sliding spring mechanism art hand exoskeleton mechanisms compliant mechanism body

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Automatic generation of modules of object categorization for autonomous mobile robots

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2013年第1期1558卷

作者： Anna Gorbenko Ural Federal University Department of Intelligent Systems and Robotics Mathematics and Computer Science Institute Lenin st. 51 620083 Ekaterinburg Russia

Many robotic tasks require advanced systems of visual sensing. Robotic systems of visual sensing must be able to solve a number of different complex problems of visual data analysis. Object categorization is one of such problems. In this paper, we propose an approach to automatic generation of computationally effective modules of object categorization for autonomous mobile robots. This approach is based on the consideration of the stack cover problem. In particular, it is assumed that the robot is able to perform an initial inspection of the environment. After such inspection, the robot needs to solve the stack cover problem by using a supercomputer. A solution of the stack cover problem allows the robot to obtain a template for computationally effective scheduling of object categorization. Also, we consider an efficient approach to solve the stack cover problem. In particular, we consider an explicit reduction from the decision version of the stack cover problem to the satisfiability problem. For different satisfiability algorithms, the results of computational experiments are presented.

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