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A Novel Noise Filtering Method Using Kalman Filter in Digital Holographic Microscopy (DHM)

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A Novel Noise Filtering Method Using Kalman Filter in Digita...

International Technical Conference o Circuits/systems, computers and Communications (ITC-CSCC)

作者： Taishi Ono Hyun-Woo Kim Myungjin Cho Min-Chul Lee Graduate School of Computer Science and Systems Engineering Kyushu Institute of Technology Fukuoka Japan Department of Computer Science and Networks Kyushu Institute of Technology Fukuoka Japan IITC School of ICT Robotics and Mechanical Engineering Hankyong National University Kyonggi-do Republic of Korea

ISBN: (数字)9798350379051

ISBN: (纸本)9798350379068

Three-dimensional (3D) profile by Digital Holographic Microscopy (DHM) always contains noise. This is an issue in the phase information extraction method of DHM system. However, in the conventional phase information extraction from the frequency domain, it may not extract only phase information. To solve this problem, we propose that the extracting phase information from the frequency domain of recorded hologram using DHM system is specified multiple times and Kalman filtering is performed on the multiple 3D profiles. The purpose of this method is to eliminate randomly generated noise and generate highly accurate 3D profiles. The generated 3D profile is subjectively and quantitatively evaluated with conventional methods. As a result, 3D profile of the proposed method shows the higher accuracy than the conventional method.

关键词： Three-dimensional displays Accuracy Shape Microscopy Frequency-domain analysis Noise Noise reduction

TTT: A Temporal Refinement Heuristic for Tenuously Tractable Discrete Time Reachability Problems

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Sidrane, Chelsea Tumova, Jana The Division of Robotics Perception and Learning Intelligent Systems Department School of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science KTH Royal Institute of Technology Brinellvägen 8 Stockholm114 28 Sweden

Reachable set computation is an important tool for analyzing control systems. Simulating a control system can show that the system is generally functioning as desired, but a formal tool like reachability analysis can provide a guarantee of correctness. For linear systems, reachability analysis is straightforward and fast, but as more complex components are added to the control system such as nonlinear dynamics or a neural network controller, reachability analysis may slow down or become overly conservative. To address these challenges, much literature has focused on spatial refinement, e.g., tuning the discretization of the input sets and intermediate reachable sets. However, this paper addresses a different dimension: temporal refinement. The basic idea of temporal refinement is to automatically choose when along the horizon of the reachability problem to execute slow symbolic queries which incur less approximation error versus fast concrete queries which incur more approximation error. Temporal refinement can be combined with other refinement approaches and offers an additional "tuning knob" with which to trade off tractability and tightness in approximate reachable set computation. Here, we introduce an automatic framework for performing temporal refinement and we demonstrate the effectiveness of this technique on computing approximate reachable sets for nonlinear systems with neural network control policies. We demonstrate the calculation of reachable sets of varying approximation error under varying computational budget and show that our algorithm is able to generate approximate reachable sets with a similar amount of error to the baseline approach in 20-70% less time. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Linear systems

ON ACCELERATING EDGE AI: OPTIMIZING RESOURCE-CONSTRAINED ENVIRONMENTS

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Sander, Jacob Cohen, Achraf Dasari, Venkat R. Venable, Brent Jalaian, Brian Department of Computer Science University of West Florida PensacolaFL United States Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of West Florida PensacolaFL United States DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory Aberdeen Proving Ground MD United States Department of Intelligent Systems and Robotics University of West Florida Institute for Human & Machine Cognition PensacolaFL United States Department of Computer Science Department of Intelligent Systems and Robotics University of West Florida Institute for Human & Machine Cognition PensacolaFL United States

Resource-constrained edge deployments demand AI solutions that balance high performance with stringent compute, memory, and energy limitations. In this survey, we present a comprehensive overview of the primary strategies for accelerating deep learning models under such constraints. First, we examine model compression techniques-pruning, quantization, tensor decomposition, and knowledge distillation-that streamline large models into smaller, faster, and more efficient variants. Next, we explore Neural Architecture Search (NAS), a class of automated methods that discover architectures inherently optimized for particular tasks and hardware budgets. We then discuss compiler and deployment frameworks, such as TVM, TensorRT, and OpenVINO, which provide hardware-tailored optimizations at inference time. By integrating these three pillars into unified pipelines, practitioners can achieve multi-objective goals, including latency reduction, memory savings, and energy efficiency-all while maintaining competitive accuracy. We also highlight emerging frontiers in hierarchical NAS, neurosymbolic approaches, and advanced distillation tailored to large language models, underscoring open challenges like pre-training pruning for massive networks. Our survey offers practical insights, identifies current research gaps, and outlines promising directions for building scalable, platform-independent frameworks to accelerate deep learning models at the edge. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Budget control

Neural-iLQR: A Learning-Aided Shooting Method for Trajectory Optimization

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Neural-iLQR: A Learning-Aided Shooting Method for Trajectory...

2023 IEEE International Conference on robotics and Biomimetics, ROBIO 2023

作者： Cheng, Zilong Li, Yulin Chen, Kai Duan, Jianghua Ma, Jun Lee, Tong Heng National University of Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Singapore The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Hong Kong The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Division of Emerging Interdisciplinary Areas Hong Kong Robotics and Autonomous Systems Thrust Guangzhou China Hkust Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute Shenzhen China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350325706

Iterative linear quadratic regulator (iLQR) has gained wide popularity in addressing trajectory optimization problems with nonlinear system models. However, as a model-based shooting method, it relies heavily on an accurate system model to update the optimal control actions and the trajectory determined with forward integration, thus becoming vulnerable to inevitable model inaccuracies. Recently, substantial research efforts in learning-based methods for optimal control problems have been progressing significantly in addressing unknown system models, particularly when the system has complex interactions with the environment. Yet an incremental machine learning method or a deep neural network is normally required to fit a substantial scale of sampling motion data. Existing works mainly focus on capturing the whole picture of the motion pattern from trial data (which is essentially noisy and hard to identify with any simple predefined structures) for complex robot systems. Instead, we present Neural-iLQR, a learning-aided shooting method over the unconstrained control space, in which a neural network with a simple structure is used to drive the optimization process towards optimal direction. Through comprehensive evaluations on two illustrative control tasks using three different kinds of lightweight network structures, the proposed method is shown to outperform the conventional iLQR significantly with fast and continuous cost convergence in the presence of inaccuracies in system models, which demonstrates the generalizability and robustness of the proposed learning-aided method. © 2023 IEEE.

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Communication-efficient Vertical Federated Learning via Compressed Error Feedback

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Valdeira, Pedro Xavier, João Soares, Cláudia Chi, Yuejie CMU IST United States IST NOVA CMU United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Carnegie Mellon University United States Institute for Systems and Robotics Instituto Superior Técnico Portugal Department of Computer Science NOVA School of Science and Technology

Communication overhead is a known bottleneck in federated learning (FL). To address this, lossy compression is commonly used on the information communicated between the server and clients during training. In horizontal FL, where each client holds a subset of the samples, such communication-compressed training methods have recently seen significant progress. However, in their vertical FL counterparts, where each client holds a subset of the features, our understanding remains limited. To address this, we propose an error feedback compressed vertical federated learning (EF-VFL) method to train split neural networks. In contrast to previous communication-compressed methods for vertical FL, EF-VFL does not require a vanishing compression error for the gradient norm to converge to zero for smooth nonconvex problems. By leveraging error feedback, our method can achieve a O(1/T) convergence rate for a sufficiently large batch size, improving over the state-of-the-art O(1/√T) rate under O(1/√T) compression error, and matching the rate of uncompressed methods. Further, when the objective function satisfies the Polyak-Lojasiewicz inequality, our method converges linearly. In addition to improving convergence, our method also supports the use of private labels. Numerical experiments show that EF-VFL significantly improves over the prior art, confirming our theoretical results. The code for this work can be found at https://***/Valdeira/EF-VFL. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Federated learning

Detecting Worker Attention Lapses in Human-Robot Interaction: An Eye Tracking and Multimodal Sensing Study 28

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Detecting Worker Attention Lapses in Human-Robot Interaction...

28th International Conference on Automation and Computing, ICAC 2023

作者： Dai, Zhuangzhuang Park, Jinha Kaszowska, Aleksandra Li, Chen School of Engineering and Applied Science Aston University Dept. of Computer Science Engineering and Physical Science BirminghamB4 7ET United Kingdom The Maersk Mc Kinney Moller Institute University of Southern Denmark Sdu Robotics Odense5230 Denmark Aalborg University Department of Electronic Systems Aalborg9220 Denmark Aalborg University The Department of Materials and Production Aalborg9220 Denmark

ISBN: (纸本)9798350335859

The advent of industrial robotics and autonomous systems endow human-robot collaboration in a massive scale. However, current industrial robots are restrained in co-working with human in close proximity due to inability of interpreting human agents' attention. Human attention study is non-trivial since it involves multiple aspects of the mind: perception, memory, problem solving, and consciousness. Human attention lapses are particularly problematic and potentially catastrophic in industrial workplace, from assembling electronics to oper-ating machines. Attention is indeed complex and cannot be easily measured with single-modality sensors. Eye state, head pose, posture, and manifold environment stimulus could all play a part in attention lapses. To this end, we propose a pipeline to annotate multimodal dataset of human attention tracking, including eye tracking, fixation detection, third-person surveil-lance camera, and sound. We produce a pilot dataset containing two fully annotated phone assembly sequences in a realistic manufacturing environment. We evaluate existing fatigue and drowsiness prediction methods for attention lapse detection. Experimental results show that human attention lapses in production scenarios are more subtle and imperceptible than well-studied fatigue and drowsiness. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Eye tracking

Allocation and Migration of Virtual Machines Using Machine Learning

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computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第2期70卷 3349-3364页

作者： Suruchi Talwani Khaled Alhazmi Jimmy Singla Hasan JAlyamani Ali Kashif Bashir School of Computer Science&Engg. Lovely Professional UniversityPunjabIndia National Center for Robotics and Internet of Things Technology Communication and Information Technology Research InstituteKing Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology(KACST)Riyadh11442Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems Faculty of Computing and Information Technology in RabighKing Abdulaziz UniversityRabigh21911Saudi Arabia Department of Computing and Mathematics ManchesterMetropolitan UniversityManchesterM156BHUK

Cloud computing promises the advent of a new era of service boosted by means of virtualization *** process of virtualization means creation of virtual infrastructure,devices,servers and computing resources needed to deploy an application *** extensively practiced technology involves selecting an efficient Virtual Machine(VM)to complete the task by transferring applications from Physical Machines(PM)to VM or from VM to *** whole process is very challenging not only in terms of computation but also in terms of energy and *** research paper presents an energy aware VM allocation and migration approach to meet the challenges faced by the growing number of cloud data *** Learning(ML)based Artificial Bee Colony(ABC)is used to rank the VM with respect to the load while considering the energy efficiency as a crucial *** most efficient virtual machines are further selected and thus depending on the dynamics of the load and energy,applications are migrated fromoneVMto *** simulation analysis is performed inMatlab and it shows that this research work results in more reduction in energy consumption as compared to existing studies.

关键词： Cloud computing VM allocation VM migration machine learning

Mesh-based Object Tracking for Dynamic Semantic 3D Scene Graphs via Ray Tracing

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Niecksch, Lennart Mock, Alexander Igelbrink, Felix Wiemann, Thomas Hertzberg, Joachim German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence Plan-Based Robot Control Osnabrück Germany Osnabrück University Institute of Computer Science Knowledge-Based Systems Osnabrück Germany Fulda University of Applied Sciences Department of Applied Computer Science Robotics in Computer Science Fulda Germany

In this paper, we present a novel method for 3D geometric scene graph generation using range sensors and RGB cameras. We initially detect instance-wise keypoints with a YOLOv8s model to compute 6D pose estimates of known objects by solving PnP. We use a ray tracing approach to track a geometric scene graph consisting of mesh models of object instances. In contrast to classical point-to-point matching, this leads to more robust results, especially under occlusions between objects instances. We show that using this hybrid strategy leads to robust self-localization, pre-segmentation of the range sensor data and accurate pose tracking of objects using the same environmental representation. All detected objects are integrated into a semantic scene graph. This scene graph then serves as a front end to a semantic mapping framework to allow spatial reasoning. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Mesh generation

Probabilistic Health Monitoring and Maintenance Scheduling for Nuclear Power systems

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Probabilistic Health Monitoring and Maintenance Scheduling f...

AIAA science and Technology Forum and Exposition, AIAA SciTech Forum 2025

作者： Amer, Ahmad Tsilifis, Panagiotis Saxena, Abhinav Baglietto, Emilio Khan, Genghis Probabilistic Design & Material Informatics GE Aerospace Research Niskayuna NY12309 United States Robotics AI & Computer Vision GE Vernova Advanced Research Niskayuna NY12309 United States AI & Computer Vision GE Aerospace Research San RamonCA94583 United States Department of Nuclear Science & Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Sustainable Systems GE Aerospace Research Niskayuna NY12309 United States

ISBN: (数字)9781624107238

ISBN: (纸本)9781624107238

Operations and Maintenance (O&M) cost optimization in the nuclear energy industry is an imperative task for developing sustainable systems and efficient renewable technologies. We present a modular probabilistic framework for addressing maintenance scheduling challenges for small modular nuclear reactors using a Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN) approach that monitors fatigue and performance in multiple subsystems of the reactors and provides a probabilistic assessment for potential failure events. The DBN framework fuses information from potential digital twins that assimilate real time data from several sensors with different time granularities in order to monitor and update thecurrentstate of knowledge aboutthestatus of several fatigue or performance criteria. Comprised of multi-modal digital twins (empirical, data- and physics-based twins), this DBN serves as a predictive framework forecasting the future state of specific reactor subsystems and enhancing decision-making capabilities associated with preventing system failure and minimizing the time and cost of maintenance events. The work presented in this paper is a holistic approach for monitoring and safeguarding complex, multi-component engineering systems where maintenance scheduling is critical and does not restrict itself to nuclear environments. However, our goal is to illustrate how such a framework can be adjusted to small modular water reactors. © 2025, American institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc, AIAA. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nuclear energy