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Fuzzy clustering for electric field characterization and its application to thunderstorm interpretability

Digital Communications and Networks 2025年第2期11卷 299-307页

作者： Xu Yang Hongyan Xing Xinyuan Ji Wei Xu Witold Pedrycz School of Electronics and Information Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of AlbertaEdmonton AB T6G 2R3Canada Systems Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences00-901 WarsawPoland Department of Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Natural SciencesIstinye University34010 IstanbulTurkey

Changes in the Atmospheric Electric Field Signal(AEFS)are highly correlated with weather changes,especially with thunderstorm ***,little attention has been paid to the ambiguous weather information implicit in AEFS *** this paper,a Fuzzy C-Means(FCM)clustering method is used for the first time to develop an innovative approach to characterize the weather attributes carried by ***,a time series dataset is created in the time domain using AEFS *** AEFS-based weather is evaluated according to the time-series Membership Degree(MD)changes obtained by inputting this dataset into the ***,thunderstorm intensities are reflected by the change in distance from a thunderstorm cloud point charge to an AEF ***,a matching relationship is established between the normalized distance and the thunderstorm dominant MD in the space ***,the rationality and reliability of the proposed method are verified by combining radar charts and expert *** results confirm that this method accurately characterizes the weather attributes and changes in the AEFS,and a negative distance-MD correlation is obtained for the first *** detection of thunderstorm activity by AEF from the perspective of fuzzy set technology provides a meaningful guidance for interpretable thunderstorms.

关键词： Atmospheric electric field(AEF) Thunderstorm Fuzzy C-means(FCM) Attribute

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A Recurrent Neural Network for Multimodal Anomaly Detection by Using Spatio-Temporal Audio-Visual Data

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第11期81卷 2493-2515页

作者： Sameema Tariq Ata-Ur-Rehman Maria Abubakar Waseem Iqbal Hatoon S.Alsagri Yousef A.Alduraywish Haya Abdullah AAlhakbani Department of Electrical Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyLahore54890Pakistan Department of Electrical Engineering National University of Science and TechnologyNational University of Sciences and TechnologyIslamabad24090Pakistan Department of Business and Computing Ravensbourne University LondonRavensbourne UniversityLondonSE100EWEngland Electrical and Computer Engineering Department College of EngineeringSultan Qaboos UniversityMuscat123Oman College of Computer and Information Sciences Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU)Riyadh11673Saudi Arabia

In video surveillance,anomaly detection requires training machine learning models on spatio-temporal video ***,sometimes the video-only data is not sufficient to accurately detect all the abnormal ***,we propose a novel audio-visual spatiotemporal autoencoder specifically designed to detect anomalies for video surveillance by utilizing audio data along with video *** paper presents a competitive approach to a multi-modal recurrent neural network for anomaly detection that combines separate spatial and temporal autoencoders to leverage both spatial and temporal features in audio-visual *** proposed model is trained to produce low reconstruction error for normal data and high error for abnormal data,effectively distinguishing between the two and assigning an anomaly *** is conducted on normal datasets,while testing is performed on both normal and anomalous *** anomaly scores from the models are combined using a late fusion technique,and a deep dense layer model is trained to produce decisive scores indicating whether a sequence is normal or *** model’s performance is evaluated on the University of California,San Diego Pedestrian 2(UCSD PED 2),University of Minnesota(UMN),and Tampere University of Technology(TUT)Rare Sound Events datasets using six evaluation *** is compared with state-of-the-art methods depicting a high Area Under Curve(AUC)and a low Equal Error Rate(EER),achieving an(AUC)of 93.1 and an(EER)of 8.1 for the(UCSD)dataset,and an(AUC)of 94.9 and an(EER)of 5.9 for the UMN *** evaluations demonstrate that the joint results from the combined audio-visual model outperform those from separate models,highlighting the competitive advantage of the proposed multi-modal approach.

关键词： Acoustic-visual anomaly detection sequence-to-sequence autoencoder reconstruction error late fusion regularity score

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Hybrid lightweight encryption for IoT: integrating chaotic key generators with Feistel and substitution-permutation networks for secure 3DV transmission

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-47页

作者： El-Shafai, Walid Mesrega, Ahmed K. Ahmed, Hossam Eldin H. Elbahnasawy, Nirmeen A. El-Samie, Fathi E. Abd Computer Science Department Prince Sultan University Riyadh11586 Saudi Arabia Deptartment of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Faculty of Electronic Engineering Menoufia University Menouf32952 Egypt Department of Computer Science and Engineering Faculty of Electronic Engineering Menoufia University Menouf Egypt Department of Information Technology College of Computer and Information Sciences Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh11671 Saudi Arabia

The Internet of Things (IoT) stands as a revolutionary leap in digital connectivity, envisioning a future network connecting billions of devices, seamlessly. Amidst the myriad benefits, there arises an intricate web of challenges, prominently centered around potential threats and data security implications. Recent cryptography techniques, such as DNA-based cryptography, 3D chaos-based cryptography, and optical cryptography, face challenges including large encryption times, high energy consumption, and suboptimal rather than optimal performance. Particularly, the burden of long encryption cycles strains the energy resources of typical low-power and compact IoT devices. These challenges render the devices vulnerable to unauthorized breaches, despite large storage capacities. The hallmark of the IoT ecosystem, characterized by its low-power compact devices, is the burgeoning volume of data they generate. This escalating data influx, while necessitating expansive storage, remains vulnerable to unauthorized access and breaches. Historically, encryption algorithms, with their multifaceted architectures, have been the bulwark against such intrusions. However, their inherently-complex nature, entailing multiple encryption cycles, strains the limited energy reserves of typical IoT devices. In response to this intricate dilemma, we present a hybrid lightweight encryption strategy. Our algorithm innovatively leverages both one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) chaotic key generators. Furthermore, it amalgamates a classical encryption philosophy, harmonizing the strengths of Feistel and substitution-permutation networks. The centerpiece of our strategy is achieving effective encryption in merely three rounds, tailored expressly for compressed Three-Dimensional Video (3DV) frames, ensuring their unwavering integrity. Our workflow commences with the H.264/MVC compression algorithm, setting the stage for the subsequent encryption phase. Through rigorous MATLAB simulations,

关键词： Image coding

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Fruit Leaf Diseases Classification: A Hierarchical Deep Learning Framework

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computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第4期75卷 1179-1194页

作者： Samra Rehman Muhammad Attique Khan Majed Alhaisoni Ammar Armghan Fayadh Alenezi Abdullah Alqahtani Khean Vesal Yunyoung Nam Department of Computer Science HITEC UniversityTaxila47080Pakistan Computer Sciences Department College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadh11671Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical Engineering College of EngineeringJouf UniversitySakakah72311Saudi Arabia College of Computer Engineering and Sciences Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl-Kharj16242Saudi Arabia Department of ICT Convergence Soonchunhyang UniversityAsan31538Korea

Manual inspection of fruit diseases is a time-consuming and costly because it is based on naked-eye *** authors present computer vision techniques for detecting and classifying fruit leaf *** of computer vision techniques are preprocessing original images for visualization of infected regions,feature extraction from raw or segmented images,feature fusion,feature selection,and *** following are the major challenges identified by researchers in the literature:(i)lowcontrast infected regions extract irrelevant and redundant information,which misleads classification accuracy;(ii)irrelevant and redundant information may increase computational time and reduce the designed model’s *** paper proposed a framework for fruit leaf disease classification based on deep hierarchical learning and best feature *** the proposed framework,contrast is first improved using a hybrid approach,and then data augmentation is used to solve the problem of an imbalanced *** next step is to use a pre-trained deep model named Darknet53 and fine-tune ***,deep transfer learning-based training is carried out,and features are extracted using an activation function on the average pooling ***,an improved butterfly optimization algorithm is proposed,which selects the best features for classification using machine learning *** experiment was carried out on augmented and original fruit datasets,yielding a maximum accuracy of 99.6%for apple diseases,99.6%for grapes,99.9%for peach diseases,and 100%for cherry *** overall average achieved accuracy is 99.7%,higher than previous techniques.

关键词： Fruit diseases data augmentation contrast enhancement deep learning improved butterfly optimization

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Image-Based Automatic Energy Meter Reading Using Deep Learning

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computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第1期74卷 203-216页

作者： Muhammad Imran Hafeez Anwar Muhammad Tufail Abdullah Khan Murad Khan Dzati Athiar Ramli Institute of Computer Sciences and Information Technology Faculty of Management and Computer SciencesThe University of AgriculturePeshawarPakistan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering COMSATS University IslamabadAttock CampusAttock CityPakistan Kuwait College of Science and Technology Kuwait CityKuwait School of Electrical&Electronic Engineering USM Engineering CampusUniversiti Sains MalaysiaPenang14300Malaysia

We propose to perform an image-based framework for electrical energy meter *** aim is to extract the image region that depicts the digits and then recognize them to record the consumed *** the readings of serial numbers and energy meter units,an automatic billing system using the Internet of Things and a graphical user interface is deployable in a real-time ***,such region extraction and character recognition become challenging due to image variations caused by several factors such as partial occlusion due to dust on the meter display,orientation and scale variations caused by camera positioning,and non-uniform illumination caused by *** this end,our work evaluates and compares the stateof-the art deep learning algorithm You Only Look Once(YOLO)along with traditional handcrafted features for text extraction and *** image dataset contains 10,000 images of electrical energymeters and is further expanded by data augmentation such as in-plane rotation and scaling tomake the deep learning algorithms robust to these image *** training and evaluation,the image dataset is annotated to produce the ground truth of all the ***,YOLO achieves superior performance over the traditional handcrafted features with an average recognition rate of 98%for all the *** proves to be robust against the mentioned image variations compared with the traditional handcrafted *** proposed method can be highly instrumental in reducing the time and effort involved in the currentmeter reading,where workers visit door to door,take images ofmeters and manually extract readings from these images.

关键词： Convolutional neural network object localization machine learning

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Intelligent ADHD Detection Using Explainable Multimodal Fusion Model 4

Intelligent ADHD Detection Using Explainable Multimodal Fusi...

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4th IEEE International Conference on Information Technology, Big Data and Artificial Intelligence, ICIBA 2024

作者： Tsai, Ho-Jung Wu, Hsiao-Kuang Chen, Chun-Chuan Yeh, Chen-Hsin Chu, Tzu-Yueh Yeh, Shih-Ching National Central University Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Taiwan National Central University Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering Taiwan Hunan University College of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350363586

Deep learning has been proved to diagnose Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) accurately, but it has raised concerns about trustworthiness because of the lack of explainability. Fortunately, the development of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) offers a solution to this problem. In this study, we employed a VR-based GO/NOGO task with distractions, capturing participants' eye movement, head movement, and electroencephalography (EEG) data. We used the collected data to train an explainable multimodal fusion model. Besides classifying between ADHD and normal children, the proposed model also generates explanation heatmaps. The heatmaps provide the importance of specific variables and timestamps in the EEG data to help us analyze the patterns captured by the model. According to our observations, the model identified specific time intervals that related to specific event-related potentials (ERPs) components. The heatmaps also demonstrate that the impacts of distractions vary between not only the GO and NOGO events but also ADHD and normal children. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Eye movements

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Toward Digital-Twin-Assisted Data Acquisition in Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks 16

Toward Digital-Twin-Assisted Data Acquisition in Underwater ...

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16th International Conference on Ambient Systems, Networks and Technologies Networks, ANT 2025 / 8th International Conference on Emerging Data and Industry 4.0, EDI40 2025

作者： Spajić, Ivan Kristensen, Lars Michael Stolz, Volker Department of Computer Science Electrical Engineering and Mathematical Sciences Western Norway University of Applied Sciences Norway

Data transfer from underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs) to cloud services is challenging due to the severe bandwidth constraints of acoustic communication and energy consumption constraints of battery-powered sensor devices. To mitigate this problem, various forms of time series compression algorithms, both lossless and lossy, have been proposed in the literature. These proposals, however, focus on large time series whose in-memory buffering is not feasible in a UASN context. Furthermore, especially in oceanographic data acquisition, buffering large time series sacrifices the Age of Information. To address this gap, we evaluate a modern lossy compression algorithm, Mix-Piece, on small-sized time series. Motivated by our findings, we have developed the Custom-Piece algorithm, an adaptation of Mix-Piece that yields higher data compression at the expense of increased execution times. Our experimental evaluation of the Mix-Piece/Custom-Piece algorithms on real-world oceanographic data shows that compression ratios are highly dependent on the configuration of the algorithms due to the emerging characteristics of the underlying data sets. To facilitate practical use of the Mix-Piece/Custom-Piece algorithms, we outline how a digital twin may dynamically run simulations on available past data to support end-users in developing sensor configurations according to data acquisition requirements. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved.

关键词： Data compression ratio

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Recent Advances in Single-Atom Catalysts for Photoelectrocatalytic Water Splitting

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Carbon Energy 2025年第4期7卷 114-142页

作者： Jiao Yang Xiaoyang Zheng Syed Shoaib Ahmad Shah Chao Wang Xueyao Li Zhishuo Yan Lishan Peng Key Laboratory of Rare Earths Ganjiang Innovation Academy Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering University of Macau Department of Mechanical Engineering Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo Department of Chemistry School of Natural Sciences National University of Sciences and Technology Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut School of Rare Earths University of Science and Technology of China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering North Dakota State University

Hydrogen is a highly promising energy carrier because of its renewable and clean qualities. Among the different methods for H2production, photoelectrocatalysis（PEC） water splitting has garnered significant interest, thanks to the abundant and perennial solar energy. Single-atom catalysts（SACs）, which feature well-distributed atoms anchored on supports, have gained great attention in PEC water splitting for their unique advantages in overcoming the limitations of conventional PEC ***, we comprehensively review SAC-incorporated photoelectrocatalysts for efficient PEC water splitting. We begin by highlighting the benefits of SACs in improving charge transfer, catalytic selectivity, and catalytic activity, which address the limitations of conventional PEC reactions. Next, we provide a comprehensive overview of established synthetic techniques for optimizing the properties of SACs, along with modern characterization methods to confirm their unique structures. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future directions in basic research and advancements, providing insights and guidance for this developing field.

关键词： hydrogen production photoelectrocatalysis single-atom catalysts water splitting

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A Hybrid Attention-Based Residual Unet for Semantic Segmentation of Brain Tumor

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computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第7期76卷 647-664页

作者： Wajiha Rahim Khan Tahir Mustafa Madni Uzair Iqbal Janjua Umer Javed Muhammad Attique Khan Majed Alhaisoni Usman Tariq Jae-Hyuk Cha Department of Computer Science COMSATS University IslamabadIslamabad45550Pakistan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering COMSATS University IslamabadWah CampusPakistan Department of Computer Science HITEC UniversityTaxilaPakistan Department of Computer Science College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadh11671Saudi Arabia Department of Management Information Systems CoBAPrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl-Kharj16273Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Hanyang UniversitySeoul04763Korea

Segmenting brain tumors in Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI)volumes is challenging due to their diffuse and irregular ***,2D and 3D deep neural networks have become famous for medical image segmentation because of the availability of labelled ***,3D networks can be computationally expensive and require significant training *** research proposes a 3D deep learning model for brain tumor segmentation that uses lightweight feature extraction modules to improve performance without compromising contextual information or *** proposed model,called Hybrid Attention-Based Residual Unet(HA-RUnet),is based on the Unet architecture and utilizes residual blocks to extract low-and high-level features from MRI *** and Squeeze-Excitation(SE)modules are also integrated at different levels to learn attention-aware features adaptively within local and global receptive *** proposed model was trained on the BraTS-2020 dataset and achieved a dice score of 0.867,0.813,and 0.787,as well as a sensitivity of 0.93,0.88,and 0.83 for Whole Tumor,Tumor Core,and Enhancing Tumor,on test dataset *** results show that the proposed HA-RUnet model outperforms the ResUnet and AResUnet base models while having a smaller number of parameters than other state-of-the-art ***,the proposed HA-RUnet model can improve brain tumor segmentation accuracy and facilitate appropriate diagnosis and treatment planning for medical practitioners.

关键词： MRI volumes residual Unet BraTs-2020 squeeze-excitation(SE)

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Energy Efficient Green Routing for UAVs Ad-Hoc Network

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第7期37卷 1111-1127页

作者： M.Muthukumar Rajasekar Rangasamy Irshad Hussain Salman A.AlQahtani Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sree Sowdambika College of EngineeringTamil NaduIndia Department of Computer Science and Engineering-AI&ML School of EngineeringMalla Reddy UniversityHyderabadIndia Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar25000PeshawarPakistan Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 51178Riyadh11543Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

The purpose of this article is to propose Stability-based Energy-Efficient Link-State Hybrid Routing(S-ELHR),a low latency routing proto-col that aims to provide a stable mechanism for routing in unmanned aerial vehicles(UAV).The S-ELHR protocol selects a number of network nodes to create a Connected Dominating Set(CDS)using a parameter known as the Stability Metric(SM).The SM considers the node’s energy usage,connectivity time,and node’s *** the highest SM nodes are chosen to form *** node declares a Willingness to indicate that it is prepared to serve as a relay for its neighbors,by employing its own energy state.S-ELHR is a hybrid protocol that stores only partial topological information and routing tables on CDS *** of relying on the routing information at each intermediary node,it uses source routing,in which a route is generated on-demand,and data packets contain the addresses of the nodes the packet will transit.A route recovery technique is additionally utilized,which first locates a new route to the destination before forwarding packets along *** simulation for various network sizes and mobility speeds,the efficiency of S-ELHR is *** findings demonstrate that S-ELHR performs better than Optimized Link State Routing(OLSR)and Energy Enhanced OLSR(EE-OLSR)in terms of packet delivery ratio,end-to-end delay,and energy consumption.

关键词： Connected dominatingset hybridrouting UAVAdhocnetworks link state stability

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