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DeepOCL:A deep neural network for Object Constraint Language generation from unrestricted nature language

CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology 2024年第1期9卷 250-263页

作者： Yilong Yang Yibo Liu Tianshu Bao Weiru Wang Nan Niu Yongfeng Yin School of Software Beihang UniversityBeijingChina College of Computer Science and Technology Guizhou UniversityGuiyangGuizhouChina Faculty of Information Technology Beijing University of TechnologyBeijingChina Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOhioUSA

Object Constraint Language(OCL)is one kind of lightweight formal specification,which is widely used for software verification and validation in NASA and Object Management Group *** OCL provides a simple expressive syntax,it is hard for the developers to write correctly due to lacking knowledge of the mathematical foundations of the first-order logic,which is approximately half accurate at the first stage of devel-opment.A deep neural network named DeepOCL is proposed,which takes the unre-stricted natural language as inputs and automatically outputs the best-scored OCL candidates without requiring a domain conceptual model that is compulsively required in existing rule-based generation *** demonstrate the validity of our proposed approach,ablation experiments were conducted on a new sentence-aligned dataset named *** experiments show that the proposed DeepOCL can achieve state of the art for OCL statement generation,scored 74.30 on BLEU,and greatly outperformed experienced developers by 35.19%.The proposed approach is the first deep learning approach to generate the OCL expression from the natural *** can be further developed as a CASE tool for the software industry.

关键词： deep learning OCL software engineering

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CRAFT: Criticality-Aware Fault-Tolerance Enhancement Techniques for Emerging Memories-Based Deep Neural Networks

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IEEE Transactions on computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 2023年第10期42卷 3289-3300页

作者： Nguyen, Thai-Hoang Imran, Muhammad Choi, Jaehyuk Yang, Joon-Sung Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Suwon16419 Korea Republic of Department of Electrical Engineering School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science National University of Sciences and Technology Islamabad44000 Pakistan Department of Semiconductor Systems Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Suwon16419 Korea Republic of School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department of System Semiconductor Engineering Yonsei University Seoul03722 Korea Republic of

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have emerged as the most effective programming paradigm for computer vision and natural language processing applications. With the rapid development of DNNs, efficient hardware architectures for deploying DNN-based applications on edge devices have been extensively studied. Emerging nonvolatile memories (NVMs), with their better scalability, nonvolatility, and good read performance, are found to be promising candidates for deploying DNNs. However, despite the promise, emerging NVMs often suffer from reliability issues, such as stuck-at faults, which decrease the chip yield/memory lifetime and severely impact the accuracy of DNNs. A stuck-at cell can be read but not reprogrammed, thus, stuck-at faults in NVMs may or may not result in errors depending on the data to be stored. By reducing the number of errors caused by stuck-at faults, the reliability of a DNN-based system can be enhanced. This article proposes CRAFT, i.e., criticality-aware fault-tolerance enhancement techniques to enhance the reliability of NVM-based DNNs in the presence of stuck-at faults. A data block remapping technique is used to reduce the impact of stuck-at faults on DNNs accuracy. Additionally, by performing bit-level criticality analysis on various DNNs, the critical-bit positions in network parameters that can significantly impact the accuracy are identified. Based on this analysis, we propose an encoding method which effectively swaps the critical bit positions with that of noncritical bits when more errors (due to stuck-at faults) are present in the critical bits. Experiments of CRAFT architecture with various DNN models indicate that the robustness of a DNN against stuck-at faults can be enhanced by up to 105 times on the CIFAR-10 dataset and up to 29 times on ImageNet dataset with only a minimal amount of storage overhead, i.e., 1.17%. Being orthogonal, CRAFT can be integrated with existing fault-tolerance schemes to further enhance the robustness of DNNs aga

关键词： Fault tolerance

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Liver Ailment Prediction Using Random Forest Model

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computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第1期74卷 1049-1067页

作者： Fazal Muhammad Bilal Khan Rashid Naseem Abdullah A Asiri Hassan A Alshamrani Khalaf A Alshamrani Samar M Alqhtani Muhammad Irfan Khlood M Mehdar Hanan Talal Halawani Department of Electrical Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyMardan23200Pakistan City University of Science and Information Technology PeshawarPakistan Department of IT and Computer Science Pak-Austria Fachhochschule Institute of Applied Sciences and TechnologyHaripurPakistan Radiological Sciences Department College of Applied Medical SciencesNajran UniversityNajranSaudi Arabia Department of Information Systems College of Computer Science and Information SystemsNajran UniversityNajran61441Saudi Arabia Electrical Engineering Department College of EngineeringNajran University Saudi ArabiaNajran61441Saudi Arabia Anatomy Department Medicine CollegeNajran UniversityNajranSaudi Arabia Computer Science Department College of Computer Science and Information SystemsNajran UniversityNajranSaudi Arabia

Today,liver disease,or any deterioration in one’s ability to survive,is extremely common all around the *** research has indicated that liver disease is more frequent in younger people than in older *** the liver’s capability begins to deteriorate,life can be shortened to one or two days,and early prediction of such diseases is *** several machine learning(ML)approaches,researchers analyzed a variety of models for predicting liver disorders in their early *** a result,this research looks at using the Random Forest(RF)classifier to diagnose the liver disease early *** dataset was picked from the University of California,Irvine ***’s accomplishments are contrasted to those of Multi-Layer Perceptron(MLP),Average One Dependency Estimator(A1DE),Support Vector Machine(SVM),Credal Decision Tree(CDT),Composite Hypercube on Iterated Random Projection(CHIRP),K-nearest neighbor(KNN),Naïve Bayes(NB),J48-Decision Tree(J48),and Forest by Penalizing Attributes(Forest-PA).Some of the assessment measures used to evaluate each classifier include Root Relative Squared Error(RRSE),Root Mean Squared Error(RMSE),accuracy,recall,precision,specificity,Matthew’s Correlation Coefficient(MCC),F-measure,and *** has an RRSE performance of 87.6766 and an RMSE performance of 0.4328,however,its percentage accuracy is *** widely acknowledged result of this work can be used as a starting point for subsequent *** a result,every claim that a new model,framework,or method enhances forecastingmay be benchmarked and demonstrated.

关键词： Liver ailment random forest machine learning

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Power Optimized Multiple-UAV Error-Free Network in Cognitive Environment

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computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第5期75卷 3189-3201页

作者： Shakti Raj Chopra Parulpreet Singh Ahmed Alhussen Nitin Mittal MohdAnul Haq School of Electronics and Electrical Engineering Lovely Professional UniversityPhagwaraPunjab144411India Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesMajmaah UniversityAl-Majmaah11952Saudi Arabia University Centre for Research and Development Chandigarh UniversityMohaliPunjab140413India Department of Computer Science College of Computer and Information SciencesMajmaah UniversityAl-Majmaah11952Saudi Arabia

Many extensive UAV communication networks have used UAV cooperative *** networking services can be offered using unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)as aerial base *** only is coverage maximization,but also better connectivity,a fundamental design challenge that must be *** number of applications for unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)operating in unlicensed bands is fast expanding as the Internet of Things(IoT)*** bands,however,have become overcrowded as the number of systems that use them *** Radio(CR)and spectrum allocation approaches have emerged as a potential approach for resolving spectrum scarcity in wireless networks,and hence as technological solutions for future generations,from this *** a result,combining CR with UAVs has the potential to give significant benefits for large-scale UAV *** paper examines existing research on the subject of UAV covering and proposes a multi-UAV cognitive-based error-free model for energy-efficient *** maximization,power control,and enhanced connection quality are the three steps of the proposed *** satisfy the desired signal-to-noise ratio,the covering zone efficacy is investigated as a function of the distance among UAVs stationed in a specific geographic region depending on multiple deployment configurations like as rural,suburban,and urban macro deployment scenarios of the ITU-R M.2135 standard(SNR).

关键词： UAV networks multi-UAV coverage energy-efficient FER SNR

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Early-Stage Segmentation and Characterization of Brain Tumor

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computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第10期73卷 1001-1017页

作者： Syed Nauyan Rashid Muhammad Hanif Usman Habib Akhtar Khalil Omair Inam Hafeez Ur Rehman Department of Computer Science National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences IslamabadPeshawar CampusPakistan Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering Ghulam Ishaq Khan(GIK)Institute of Engineering Sciences and TechnologyTopiPakistan IFahja Pvt Limited PeshawarPakistan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering COMSATS University IslamabadPakistan

Gliomas are the most aggressive brain tumors caused by the abnormal growth of brain *** life expectancy of patients diagnosed with gliomas decreases *** gliomas are diagnosed in later stages,resulting in imminent *** average,patients do not survive 14 months after *** only way to minimize the impact of this inevitable disease is through early *** Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI)scans,because of their better tissue contrast,are most frequently used to assess the brain *** manual classification of MRI scans takes a reasonable amount of time to classify brain *** this,dealing with MRI scans manually is also cumbersome,thus affects the classification *** eradicate this problem,researchers have come up with automatic and semiautomatic methods that help in the automation of brain tumor classification ***,many techniques have been devised to address this issue,the existing methods still struggle to characterize the enhancing *** is because of low variance in enhancing region which give poor contrast in MRI *** this study,we propose a novel deep learning based method consisting of a series of steps,namely:data pre-processing,patch extraction,patch pre-processing,and a deep learning model with tuned hyper-parameters to classify all types of gliomas with a focus on enhancing *** trained model achieved better results for all glioma classes including the enhancing *** improved performance of our technique can be attributed to several ***,the non-local mean filter in the pre-processing step,improved the image detail while removing irrelevant ***,the architecture we employ can capture the non-linearity of all classes including the enhancing ***,the segmentation scores achieved on the Dice Similarity Coefficient(DSC)metric for normal,necrosis,edema,enhancing and non-enhancing tumor classes are 0.95,0.97,0.91,0.93,0.95;respectively.

关键词： Segmentation CNN characterization brain tumor MRI

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Time-Invariant Beampattern Design in Frequency Diverse Array Radar: Some New Results 4

Time-Invariant Beampattern Design in Frequency Diverse Array...

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4th International Conference on Digital Futures and Transformative Technologies, ICoDT2 2024

作者： Shaiza Ahmed, Obaidullah Ali, Hussain Zaib, Alam Ahmed, Sajid National University of Sciences and Technology School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Islamabad Pakistan National University of Sciences and Technology Department of Electrical Engineering Military College of Signals Islamabad Pakistan COMSATS University Islamabad Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Islamabad Abbottabad22060 Pakistan King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division Thuwal23955-6900 Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350391862

A new frequency diverse array (FDA) radar system is proposed for range estimation of a target using time-invariant beampattern. To illuminate a desired range, the transmit beampattern is optimized using the inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) technique. This allows for a longer dwell period, which improves the accuracy of weak target identification. To lessen noise effects in range estimation, the minimum power distortionless response (MPDR) beamformer is employed. The precision of range estimation is derived using the Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB). Based on simulation data, the FDA design that has been proposed performs better than current approaches as measured by the root-mean-squared error (RMSE). The proposed FDA radar shows superior target localization performance compared to existing techniques, achieving the CRLB at a signal-to-noise (SNR) value of -5 dB. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Mean square error

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A review on simulation models of cascading failures in power systems

iEnergy

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iEnergy 2023年第4期2卷 284-296页

作者： Zhenping Guo Kai Sun Xiaowen Su Srdjan Simunovic Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTNUSA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Texas at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA Computational Sciences&Engineering Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA

Among various power system disturbances,cascading failures are considered the most serious and extreme threats to grid operations,potentially leading to significant stability issues or even widespread power *** power systems’behaviors during cascading failures is of great importance to comprehend how failures originate and propagate,as well as to develop effective preventive and mitigative control *** intricate mechanism of cascading failures,characterized by multi-timescale dynamics,presents exceptional challenges for their *** paper provides a comprehensive review of simulation models for cascading failures,providing a systematic categorization and a comparison of these *** challenges and potential research directions for the future are also discussed.

关键词： Cascading failures power systems security and reliability simulation models

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Performance Impact of Wind Speed on MAC Protocols for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks 16

Performance Impact of Wind Speed on MAC Protocols for Underw...

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16th International Conference on Ambient Systems, Networks and Technologies Networks, ANT 2025 / 8th International Conference on Emerging Data and Industry 4.0, EDI40 2025

作者： Shayokh, Md Al Kampen, Anne-Lena Frøysa, Kjell Eivind Kristensen, Lars Michael Department of Computer Science Electrical Engineering and Mathematical Sciences Western Norway University of Applied Sciences Bergen Norway

Acoustic communication in underwater environments is challenging due to high propagation delay and severely limited bandwidth. Furthermore, the quality of the channel is dynamically changing due to wind, rain, temperature and other environmental factors. Efficient medium access control (MAC) protocols are therefore particularly important for acoustic sensor networks (UWSNs) to prevent a significant portion of the scarce bandwidth to be wasted on packet collision. Increased wind speed add surface roughness for underwater communication, which in turn can affect the overall performance of MAC protocols in UWSNs. The contribution of this paper is to investigate the performance of five MAC protocols for UWSNs in terms of packet delivery rate, energy consumption and delay under different wind speeds. The protocols investigated are: Aloha, Aloha with carrier sense (Aloha-CS), Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA), T-Lohi, and Distance Aware Collision Avoidance Protocol (DACAP). Our simulation studies show that at low wind speeds of 10 m/s, CSMA performs better than other protocols in terms of Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) while Aloha without acknowledgement has the lowest End-to-End (E2E) delay with a trade-off in packet delivery ratio (PDR). At higher wind speed of 20 m/s to 30 m/s, T-Lohi outperforms the other protocols both in terms of PDR, E2E delay, and energy consumption. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved.

关键词： Carrier sense multiple access

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Vulnerabilities and Challenges in the Development of PUF-Based Authentication Protocols on FPGAs: A Brief Review 7

Vulnerabilities and Challenges in the Development of PUF-Bas...

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7th IEEE Conference on Dependable and Secure Computing, DSC 2024

作者： Yavuz, Sinan Naroska, Edwin Daniel, Kai University of Siegen Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Siegen Germany Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Krefeld Germany Institute of Measurement and Sensor Technology University of Applied Sciences Ruhr West Mülheim Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798331540289

The security of IoT (Internet of Things) devices and the protection of sensitive information processed by these devices such as personal data, sensor values, process-related information is an important and difficult challenge. A major task in IoT communication is secure identification of devices. Unfortunately, traditional cryptographic methods are often not suitable for IoT devices due to their limited hardware resources. However, typical methods are computationally intensive, require a large amount of memory, and have a high-power consumption. On the other hand, Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are low-cost and lightweight hardware-based primitives that can be used as a security component to protect data against third parties and thus increase security of a device. In this paper, the challenges and vulnerabilities in the development of PUF-based authentication protocols are presented. To this end, a security analysis of different approaches known from literature are discussed. Furthermore, possible attack vectors and prevention techniques are also considered. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Authentication Protocol

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Predicting groundwater levels at Colorado state of USA using ARIMA and ANN models 2

Predicting groundwater levels at Colorado state of USA using...

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2nd International Conference on Foundation and Large Language Models, FLLM 2024

作者： Ghafoor, Hifsa Umer, Rahila Fatima Muhammad, Jan Rauf, Zahid Khan, Pamir Balochistan University of it Engineering & Management Sciences Quetta Department of Computer Science Quetta87300 Pakistan Balochistan University of it Engineering & Management Sciences Quetta Department of Computer Engineering Quetta87300 Pakistan Balochistan University of it Engineering & Management Sciences Quetta Department of Electrical Engineering Quetta87300 Pakistan Baluchistan University of it Engineering and Management Science Quetta Computer Science Quetta87300 Pakistan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350354799

variations in groundwater levels that are noticed in different parts of the world are typically the primary focus of research carried out in hydrology. The fluctuating levels of groundwater can be ascribed to several different factors, some of which include an increase in the demand for water, inappropriate irrigation practices, improper management of soil, and unregulated extraction from aquifers. It is necessary to effectively manage groundwater resources to have a trustworthy method of measuring and forecasting groundwater levels. The dynamics of groundwater are inherently uneven and difficult to understand. As a result, applying methods driven by data could potentially yield significant gains in hydrology. In this study, two data-driven models were utilized to estimate groundwater levels at a total of 4 monitoring wells located in Colorado state, USA. These models included auto regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and artificial neural network (ANN). The comparative analysis of the algorithms made use of a data set that had one month's worth of information from each of the years 1980 to 2019. The models were put through their paces, and the results of those tests were statistically and visually assessed. To evaluate the relative accuracy and precision of the models, the mean square error (MSE), root-mean-square error (RMSE), and mean absolute error (MAE) were utilized. When compared to ARIMA, the analysis demonstrates that ANN can produce the most accurate forecasts of groundwater levels in Colorado state USA. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Groundwater resources

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