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QUBO Models for the FIFO Stack-Up Problem and Experimental Evaluation on a Quantum Annealer

SN computer science 2024年第7期5卷 818页

作者： Gebler, Colin Rethmann, Jochen Ueberholz, Peer Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences Reinarzstr. 49 Krefeld 47805 Germany

Quantum annealing has been applied to combinatorial optimization problems in recent years. In this paper we study the possibility to use quantum annealing for solving the combinatorial FIFO Stack-Up problem, where bins have to be stacked-up from a conveyor belt onto pallets. The problem is NP-hard and can be solved using linear programming approaches. We developed two QUBO (quadratic unconstrained binary optimization) objective functions based on a bin stack-up solution and a pallet stack-up solution for this problem suitable for a quantum annealer. The number of variables was minimized to increase the performance and their dependence on the number of bins and pallets was discussed. The performances of both methods were studied for various small problem sizes on a D-Wave quantum annealer. We found that only tiny instances could be solved and looked at the terms of the QUBO-formulations, which cause the quantum annealer to fail for larger problem sizes. Furthermore we compare the results to the performance of a classic computer using the same QUBO-formulations. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： FIFO Stack-Up problem NP-hard Quantum annealer QUBO formulation

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A Learning-Based Stochastic Game for Energy Efficient Optimization of UAV Trajectory and Task Offloading in Space/Aerial Edge Computing

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IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 2025年第6期74卷 9717-9733页

作者： Li, Jialiuyuan Shi, You Dai, Chen Yi, Changyan Yang, Yuxiao Zhai, Xiangping Zhu, Kun Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics College of Computer Science and Technology Nanjing211106 China Nanjing Tech University College of Electrical Engineering and Control Science Nanjing211816 China Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications School of Computer Science Nanjing210023 China Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics College of Astronautics Nanjing211106 China

In this paper, we study the energy-efficient unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and low earth orbital (LEO) satellite assisted mobile edge computing (MEC) in space-air-ground integrated networks (SAGINs). The key challenge involves how to efficiently execute tasks offloaded from IoT devices, given limited on-board computation capabilities of UAVs and delay constraints of tasks. To address it, UAVs are first allowed to adjust their trajectories to accommodate as many tasks as possible from IoT devices. Subsequently, UAVs compute a portion of these tasks while delegating the rest to LEO satellites for further execution. Accordingly, we formulate a joint optimization problem including UAV trajectory planning, task offloading, and bandwidth allocations, aiming to maximize the long-term energy efficiency of UAVs and LEO satellites (i.e., the total data size in computation offloading divided by energy consumption of UAVs and LEO satellites). Considering the interactions among intelligent UAVs, this problem is reformulated as a set of interconnected multi-agent stochastic games, and the existence of corresponding Nash Equilibrium (NE) is theoretically proved. To obtain the NE, a multi-agent reinforcement learning-based algorithm, namely UTPTR, is developed concerning system dynamics and uncertainties. Simulations evaluate the performance of the UTPTR and demonstrate its superiority compared to existing approaches. © 1967-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Stochastic systems

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Arm PSA-Certified IoT Chip Security: A Case Study

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Tsinghua science and Technology 2023年第2期28卷 244-257页

作者： Fei Chen Duming Luo Jianqiang Li Victor C.M.Leung Shiqi Li Junfeng Fan College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering the University of British ColumbiaVancouverBC V6T 1Z4Canada Open Security Research Inc.Shenzhen 518000China

With the large scale adoption of Internet of Things(IoT)applications in people’s lives and industrial manufacturing processes,IoT security has become an important problem *** security significantly relies on the security of the underlying hardware chip,which often contains critical information,such as encryption *** understand existing IoT chip security,this study analyzes the security of an IoT security chip that has obtained an Arm Platform Security Architecture(PSA)Level 2 *** analysis shows that the chip leaks part of the encryption key and presents a considerable security ***,we use commodity equipment to collect electromagnetic traces of the *** a statistical T-test,we find that the target chip has physical leakage during the AES encryption *** further use correlation analysis to locate the detailed encryption interval in the collected electromagnetic trace for the Advanced Encryption Standard(AES)encryption *** the basis of the intermediate value correlation analysis,we recover half of the 16-byte AES encryption *** repeat the process for three different tests;in all the tests,we obtain the same result,and we recover around 8 bytes of the 16-byte AES encryption ***,experimental results indicate that despite the Arm PSA Level 2 certification,the target security chip still suffers from physical *** layer application developers should impose strong security mechanisms in addition to those of the chip itself to ensure IoT application security.

关键词： Internet of Things(IoT)security chip Arm Platform Security Architecture(PSA)certification electromagnetic side-channel attack Advanced Encryption Standard(AES)encryption key leakage

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A Layered Learning Approach to Scaling in Learning Classifier Systems for Boolean Problems

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Evolutionary computation 2025年第1期33卷 115-140页

作者： Alvarez, Isidro M. Nguyen, Trung B. Browne, Will N. Zhang, Mengjie School of Engineering and Computer Science Victoria University of Wellington Kelburn 6140 Wellington New Zealand School of Engineering and Computer Science Victoria University of Wellington Kelburn 6140 Wellington New Zealand School of Electrical Engineering and Robotics Queensland University of Technology Brisbane 4001 Australia

Evolutionary Computation (EC) often throws away learned knowledge as it is reset for each new problem addressed. Conversely, humans can learn from small-scale problems, retain this knowledge (plus functionality), and then successfully reuse them in larger-scale and/or related problems. Linking solutions to problems has been achieved through layered learning, where an experimenter sets a series of simpler related problems to solve a more complex task. Recent works on Learning Classifier Systems (LCSs) has shown that knowledge reuse through the adoption of Code Fragments, GP-like tree-based programs, is plausible. However, random reuse is inefficient. Thus, the research question is how LCS can adopt a layered-learning framework, such that increasingly complex problems can be solved efficiently. An LCS (named XCSCF*) has been developed to include the required base axioms necessary for learning, refined methods for transfer learning and learning recast as a decomposition into a series of subordinate problems. These subordinate problems can be set as a curriculum by a teacher, but this does not mean that an agent can learn from it;especially if it only extracts over-fitted knowledge of each problem rather than the underlying scalable patterns and functions. Results show that from a conventional tabula rasa, with only a vague notion of which subordinate problems might be relevant, XCSCF* captures the general logic behind the tested domains and therefore can solve any n-bit Multiplexer, n-bit Carry-one, n-bit Majority-on, and n-bit Even-parity problems. This work demonstrates a step towards continual learning as learned knowledge is effectively reused in subsequent problems. © 2024 Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

关键词： code fragments layered learning. Learning classifier systems

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Deep Transfer Learning Models for Mobile-Based Ocular Disorder Identification on Retinal Images

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第7期80卷 139-161页

作者： Roseline Oluwaseun Ogundokun Joseph Bamidele Awotunde Hakeem Babalola Akande Cheng-Chi Lee Agbotiname Lucky Imoize Department of Multimedia Engineering Kaunas University of TechnologyKaunas44249Lithuania Department of Computer Science Landmark UniversityOmu Aran251103Nigeria Department of Computer Science Faculty of Information and Communication SciencesUniversity of IlorinIlorin240003Nigeria Department of Telecommunication Science University of IlorinIlorin230003Nigeria Department of Library and Information Science Fu Jen Catholic UniversityNew Taipei City24205TaiwanChina Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Fintech and Blockchain Research CenterAsia UniversityTaichung City41354TaiwanChina Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of LagosAkokaLagos100213Nigeria Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Institute of Digital CommunicationRuhr UniversityBochum44801Germany

Mobile technology is developing *** phone technologies have been integrated into the healthcare industry to help medical ***,computer vision models focus on image detection and classification ***2 is a computer vision model that performs well on mobile devices,but it requires cloud services to process biometric image information and provide predictions to *** leads to increased *** biometrics image datasets on mobile devices will make the prediction faster,but mobiles are resource-restricted devices in terms of storage,power,and computational ***,a model that is small in size,efficient,and has good prediction quality for biometrics image classification problems is *** pre-trained CNN(PCNN)MobileNetV2 architecture combined with a Support Vector Machine(SVM)compacts the model representation and reduces the computational cost and memory *** proposed novel approach combines quantized pre-trained CNN(PCNN)MobileNetV2 architecture with a Support Vector Machine(SVM)to represent models efficiently with low computational cost and *** contributions include evaluating three CNN models for ocular disease identification in transfer learning and deep feature plus SVM approaches,showing the superiority of deep features from MobileNetV2 and SVM classification models,comparing traditional methods,exploring six ocular diseases and normal classification with 20,111 images postdata augmentation,and reducing the number of trainable *** model is trained on ocular disorder retinal fundus image datasets according to the severity of six age-related macular degeneration(AMD),one of the most common eye illnesses,Cataract,Diabetes,Glaucoma,Hypertension,andMyopia with one class *** the experiment outcomes,it is observed that the suggested MobileNetV2-SVM model size is *** testing accuracy for MobileNetV2-SVM,InceptionV3,and MobileNetV2 is 90.11%,86.88%,a

关键词： Retinal images ocular disorder deep transfer learning disease identification mobile device

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xCViT:Improved Vision Transformer Network with Fusion of CNN and Xception for Skin Disease Recognition with Explainable AI

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第4期83卷 1367-1398页

作者： Armughan Ali Hooria Shahbaz Robertas Damaševicius Department of Electrical Engineering Wah Engineering CollegeUniversity of WahWah Cantt47040Pakistan Department of Computer Science HITEC UniversityTaxila47080Pakistan Department of Applied Informatics Vytautas Magnus UniversityKaunas44309Lithuania

Skin cancer is the most prevalent cancer globally,primarily due to extensive exposure to Ultraviolet(UV)*** identification of skin cancer enhances the likelihood of effective treatment,as delays may lead to severe tumor *** study proposes a novel hybrid deep learning strategy to address the complex issue of skin cancer diagnosis,with an architecture that integrates a Vision Transformer,a bespoke convolutional neural network(CNN),and an Xception *** were evaluated using two benchmark datasets,HAM10000 and Skin Cancer *** the HAM10000,the model achieves a precision of 95.46%,an accuracy of 96.74%,a recall of 96.27%,specificity of 96.00%and an F1-Score of 95.86%.It obtains an accuracy of 93.19%,a precision of 93.25%,a recall of 92.80%,a specificity of 92.89%and an F1-Score of 93.19%on the Skin Cancer ISIC *** findings demonstrate that the model that was proposed is robust and trustworthy when it comes to the classification of skin *** addition,the utilization of Explainable AI techniques,such as Grad-CAM visualizations,assists in highlighting the most significant lesion areas that have an impact on the decisions that are made by the model.

关键词： Skin lesions vision transformer CNN Xception deep learning network fusion explainable AI Grad-CAM skin cancer detection

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An Adaptive Online Few-shot Network Intrusion Detection System Based on Meta-Learning 12

An Adaptive Online Few-shot Network Intrusion Detection Syst...

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12th International Conference on Advanced Cloud and Big Data, CBD 2024

作者： Ding, Shiru Wang, Zhen Lu, Yifei School of Electrical and Automation Engineering Nanjing Normal University China School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology China

ISBN: (纸本)9798331511074

Previous deep learning-based Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) require a sufficient number of labeled samples to train deep neural network models. However, in certain scenarios of the Internet of Things (IoT), such as zero-day attacks, abnormal data is scarce and cannot meet the training conditions for neural network models. Thus, there is a need for a NIDS capable of few-shot learning. Additionally, previous online network intrusion detection systems did not comprehensively consider the significant impact of data feature drift and catastrophic forgetting on the performance of online models. In order to solve these two problems, we designed an adaptive online few-shot network intrusion detection system based on meta-learning. We evaluated the proposed system using the public datasets CIC-IDS2017, and the results show that our system can effectively handle the challenge of small samples while continuously adapting to new data with minimal catastrophic forgetting. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Zero-shot learning

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A novel deep learning approach for automated grading of knee osteoarthritis severity

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年 1-20页

作者： Kaur, PrabSimran Kohli, Guneet Singh Bedi, Jatin Wasly, Saud Department of Computer Science and Engineering Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Punjab Patiala India Electrical and Computer Engineering Department King Abdulaziz University Jeddah22254 Saudi Arabia Center of Excellence in Intelligent Engineering Systems King Abdulaziz University Jeddah22254 Saudi Arabia

Knee Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent musculoskeletal disorder that affects the knee joint that causes pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. It is also known as "Degenerative Joint Disease" and is caused by the degeneration of cartilage in the knee joint, leading to bone-on-bone contact and further damage. Knee OA is prevalent in the population, affecting around 22% to 39% of people in India, and there is currently no treatment available that can halt the progression of the disease. Therefore, early diagnosis and management of symptoms are essential to reduce its impact on an individual’s quality of life. To address this issue, have introduced a framework that leverages ConvNeXt architecture, a modernization of ResNets (ResNet-50) architecture towards Hierarchical Transformers (Swin Transformers), to provide accurate identification and classification of knee osteoarthritis. The classification of knee osteoarthritis was done using the Kellgren and Lawrence (KL) graded X-ray images. These images of the damaged knees are preprocessed and augmented, creating a scaled, enhanced, and varied version of the features, thus making the data fitter and more significant for classification. The performance estimation of the proposed strategy is conducted on the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI), a research project focused on knee osteoarthritis that works in partnership with NIH and other private industries to develop a public domain dataset that can facilitate research and evaluation. It involves training the prepared data using various hyper-tuned versions of ConvNeXt. The different fine-tuned results of the ConvNeXt models on each KL Grade are evaluated against the other state-of-the-art models and vision transformers. The comparative assessment of widely used performance measures shows that the proposed approach outperforms the conventional models by generating the highest score for all the KL grades. Lastly, an approach is employed to statistically confirm the validity of t

关键词： Joints (anatomy)

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Single-Image Driven 3D Viewpoint Training Data Augmentation for Effective Label Recognition 27th

Single-Image Driven 3D Viewpoint Training Data Augmentation ...

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27th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, ICPR 2024

作者： Huang, Yueh-Cheng Chen, Hsin-Yi Hung, Cheng-Jui Chuang, Jen-Hui Hwang, Jenq-Neng Department of Computer Science National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Washington Seattle United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783031781247

Confronting the critical challenge of insufficient training data in the field of complex image recognition, this paper introduces a novel 3D viewpoint transformation technique initially tailored for label recognition. This technique can be used not only for data augmentation by generating synthetic data from any perspective but also transform photos taken from any angle into a frontal view, thereby reducing the complexity of the recognition task. Given the extensive use of wine-related applications with over 20 million users and the continuous publication of wine label datasets, we decided to focus this study on wine labels. This method enhances deep learning model performance by generating visually realistic training samples from a single real-world label image, overcoming the challenges posed by the intricate combinations of text and logos. Unlike classical Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) methods, which fall short in synthesizing such intricate content combinations and require a large amount of training data to become effective, our proposed solution leverages time-tested computer vision and image processing strategies. By using just a single monocular wine label image, we can expand our training dataset, thereby broadening the range of training samples for deep learning applications. This innovative approach to data augmentation circumvents the constraints of limited training resources. We then utilize the augmented training images through the Vision Transformer (ViT) architecture, performing one-shot recognition of existing wine labels in the training classes or future newly collected wine labels unavailable in the training. Experimental results show a significant increase in recognition accuracy over conventional 2D data augmentation techniques, indicating the potential for broader application in various labeling scenarios. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Wine

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An Interpretable CNN for the Segmentation of the Left Ventricle in Cardiac MRI by Real-Time Visualization

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computer Modeling in engineering & sciences 2023年第5期135卷 1571-1587页

作者： Jun Liu Geng Yuan Changdi Yang Houbing Song Liang Luo Robotics Institute School of Computer ScienceCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPA15217USA Department of Electrical&Computer Engineering College of EngineeringNortheastern UniversityBostonMA02115USA Security and Optimization for Networked Globe Laboratory(SONG Lab) Embry-Riddle Aeronautical UniversityDaytona BeachFL32114USA School of Computer Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054China

The interpretability of deep learning models has emerged as a compelling area in artificial intelligence *** safety criteria for medical imaging are highly stringent,and models are required for an ***,existing convolutional neural network solutions for left ventricular segmentation are viewed in terms of inputs and ***,the interpretability of CNNs has come into the *** medical imaging data are limited,many methods to fine-tune medical imaging models that are popular in transfer models have been built using massive public Image Net datasets by the transfer learning ***,this generates many unreliable parameters and makes it difficult to generate plausible explanations from these *** this study,we trained from scratch rather than relying on transfer learning,creating a novel interpretable approach for autonomously segmenting the left ventricle with a cardiac *** enhanced GPU training system implemented interpretable global average pooling for graphics using deep *** deep learning tasks were *** included data management,neural network architecture,and *** system monitored and analyzed the gradient changes of different layers with dynamic visualizations in real-time and selected the optimal deployment *** results demonstrated that the proposed method was feasible and efficient:the Dice coefficient reached 94.48%,and the accuracy reached 99.7%.It was found that no current transfer learning models could perform comparably to the ImageNet transfer learning *** model is lightweight and more convenient to deploy on mobile devices than transfer learning models.

关键词： Interpretable graphics training visualization image segmentation left ventricle CNNs global average pooling

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