People who have trouble communicating verbally are often dependent on sign language,which can be difficult for most people to understand,making interaction with them a difficult *** Sign Language Recognition(SLR)syste...
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People who have trouble communicating verbally are often dependent on sign language,which can be difficult for most people to understand,making interaction with them a difficult *** Sign Language Recognition(SLR)system takes an input expression from a hearing or speaking-impaired person and outputs it in the form of text or voice to a normal *** existing study related to the Sign Language Recognition system has some drawbacks,such as a lack of large datasets and datasets with a range of backgrounds,skin tones,and *** research efficiently focuses on Sign Language Recognition to overcome previous *** importantly,we use our proposed Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)model,“ConvNeural”,in order to train our ***,we develop our own datasets,“BdSL_OPSA22_STATIC1”and“BdSL_OPSA22_STATIC2”,both of which have ambiguous backgrounds.“BdSL_OPSA22_STATIC1”and“BdSL_OPSA22_STATIC2”both include images of Bangla characters and numerals,a total of 24,615 and 8437 images,***“ConvNeural”model outperforms the pre-trained models with accuracy of 98.38%for“BdSL_OPSA22_STATIC1”and 92.78%for“BdSL_OPSA22_STATIC2”.For“BdSL_OPSA22_STATIC1”dataset,we get precision,recall,F1-score,sensitivity and specificity of 96%,95%,95%,99.31%,and 95.78%***,in case of“BdSL_OPSA22_STATIC2”dataset,we achieve precision,recall,F1-score,sensitivity and specificity of 90%,88%,88%,100%,and 100%respectively.
Even though every individual is entitled to freedom of speech, some limitations exist when this freedom is used to target and harm another individual or a group of people, as it translates to hate speech. In this stud...
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In telemedicine applications, it is crucial to ensure the authentication, confidentiality, and privacy of medical data due to its sensitive nature and the importance of the patient information it contains. Communicati...
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In telemedicine applications, it is crucial to ensure the authentication, confidentiality, and privacy of medical data due to its sensitive nature and the importance of the patient information it contains. Communication through open networks is insecure and has many vulnerabilities, making it susceptible to unauthorized access and misuse. Encryption models are used to secure medical data from unauthorized access. In this work, we propose a bit-level encryption model having three phases: preprocessing, confusion, and diffusion. This model is designed for different types of medical data including patient information, clinical data, medical signals, and images of different modalities. Also, the proposed model is effectively implemented for grayscale and color images with varying aspect ratios. Preprocessing has been applied based on the type of medical data. A random permutation has been used to scramble the data values to remove the correlation, and multilevel chaotic maps are fused with the cyclic redundancy check method. A circular shift is used in the diffusion phase to increase randomness and security, providing protection against potential attacks. The CRC method is further used at the receiver side for error detection. The performance efficiency of the proposed encryption model is proved in terms of histogram analysis, information entropy, correlation analysis, signal-to-noise ratio, peak signal-to-noise ratio, number of pixels changing rate, and unified average changing intensity. The proposed bit-level encryption model therefore achieves information entropy values ranging from 7.9669 to 8.000, which is close to the desired value of 8. Correlation coefficient values of the encrypted data approach to zero or are negative, indicating minimal correlation in encrypted data. Resistance against differential attacks is demonstrated by NPCR and UACI values exceeding 0.9960 and 0.3340, respectively. The key space of the proposed model is 1096, which is substantially mor
In mountainous regions, bamboo has gained popularity as a local reinforcement material for concrete due to its availability and cost-effectiveness. However, the lack of standardized design guidelines complicates the a...
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Free speech is essential, but it can conflict with protecting marginalized groups from harm caused by hate speech. Social media platforms have become breeding grounds for this harmful content. While studies exist to d...
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Free speech is essential, but it can conflict with protecting marginalized groups from harm caused by hate speech. Social media platforms have become breeding grounds for this harmful content. While studies exist to detect hate speech, there are significant research gaps. First, most studies used text data instead of other modalities such as videos or audio. Second, most studies explored traditional machine learning algorithms. However, due to the increase in complexities of computational tasks, there is need to employ complex techniques and methodologies. Third, majority of the research studies have either been evaluated using very few evaluation metrics or not statistically evaluated at all. Lastly, due to the opaque, black-box nature of the complex classifiers, there is need to use explainability techniques. This research aims to address these gaps by detecting hate speech in English and Kiswahili languages using videos manually collected from YouTube. The videos were converted to text and used to train various classifiers. The performance of these classifiers was evaluated using various evaluation and statistical measurements. The experimental results suggest that the random forest classifier achieved the highest results for both languages across all evaluation measurements compared to all classifiers used. The results for English language were: accuracy 98%, AUC 96%, precision 99%, recall 97%, F1 98%, specificity 98% and MCC 96% while the results for Kiswahili language were: accuracy 90%, AUC 94%, precision 93%, recall 92%, F1 94%, specificity 87% and MCC 75%. These results suggest that the random forest classifier is robust, effective and efficient in detecting hate speech in any language. This also implies that the classifier is reliable in detecting hate speech and other related problems in social media. However, to understand the classifiers’ decision-making process, we used the Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations (LIME) technique to explain the
Fruit safety is a critical component of the global economy, particularly within the agricultural sector. There has been a recent surge in the incidence of diseases affecting fruits, leading to economic setbacks in agr...
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Agriculture encompasses a way of life and a profession for the general population. Most global traditions and cultures revolve around agriculture. With the help of advanced farming, agriculture may become more profita...
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Chatbots use artificial intelligence (AI) and natural language processing (NLP) algorithms to construct a clever system. By copying human connections in the most helpful way possi-ble, chatbots emulate individuals and...
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In Taiwan, the current electricity prices for residential users remain relatively low. This results in a diminished incentive for these users to invest in energy-saving improvements. Consequently, devising strategies ...
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Handwritten documents generated in our day-to-day office work, class room and other sectors of society carry vital information. Automatic processing of these documents is a pipeline of many challenging steps. The very...
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