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HDEL: a hierarchical deep ensemble approach for text-based emotion detection

Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第4期84卷 1799-1820页

作者： Vora, Shivani Mehta, Rupa G. Information Technology Department C.K.Pithawala College of Engineering and Technology Gujarat Surat India Department of Computer Science and Engineering SVNIT Gujarat Surat India

Emotion detection from social media data plays a crucial role in studying societal emotions concerning different events, aiding in predicting the reactions of specific social groups. However, it is complex to automatically extract implicit emotional information from noisy social media text data. This study introduces the Hierarchical Deep Ensemble Learning (HDEL) system to identify emotions in text data. The proposed HDEL model utilizes BiLSTM (Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory), CNN (Convolutional Neural Network), BiGRU (Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit), and RCNN (Recurrent Convolutional Neural Network) in the first level of its hierarchy. The predicted probabilities of the four models are embedded with input data to prepare the intermediate hybrid data. This hybrid data is fed to the next layer of the proposed system, which utilizes a Random Forest (RF) algorithm to predict the emotion. The proposed approach is tested using three emotion datasets: the WASSA-2017 Emotion Intensity (EmoInt) dataset, the International Survey on Emotion Antecedents and Reactions (ISEAR) dataset, and the CrowdFlower (CF) dataset. EmoInt and ISEAR are clean and balanced, while CF is noisy and imbalanced. The results are compared with various state-of- the-art Machine Learning models. The outperforming results depict the superiority of the proposed approach. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Learning systems

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The Security of Using Large Language Models:A Survey With Emphasis on ChatGPT

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2025年第1期12卷 1-26页

作者： Wei Zhou Xiaogang Zhu Qing-Long Han Lin Li Xiao Chen Sheng Wen Yang Xiang the School of Science Computing and Engineering Technologies Swinburne University of Technology IEEE the School of Computer and Mathematical Sciences the University of Adelaide Adelaide the Faculty of Science and Engineering Southern Cross University the School of Information and Physical Sciences the University of Newcastle

ChatGPT is a powerful artificial intelligence(AI)language model that has demonstrated significant improvements in various natural language processing(NLP) tasks. However, like any technology, it presents potential security risks that need to be carefully evaluated and addressed. In this survey, we provide an overview of the current state of research on security of using ChatGPT, with aspects of bias, disinformation, ethics, misuse,attacks and privacy. We review and discuss the literature on these topics and highlight open research questions and future *** this survey, we aim to contribute to the academic discourse on AI security, enriching the understanding of potential risks and mitigations. We anticipate that this survey will be valuable for various stakeholders involved in AI development and usage, including AI researchers, developers, policy makers, and end-users.

关键词： Artificial intelligence (AI) ChatGPT large language models (LLMs) security

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Exploring Invariance Matters for Domain Generalization

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IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 2025年 34卷 3336-3351页

作者： Wang, Shanshan He, Houmeng Yang, Xun Liu, Zhipu Zhong, Yuanhong Zhang, Xingyi Wang, Meng Anhui University National Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Acquisition and Protection Technology Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology Hefei230601 China University of Science and Technology of China School of Information Science and Technology Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science Hefei230026 China Chongqing University of Technology School of Computer Science and Engineering Chongqing400054 China Chongqing University School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering Chongqing400030 China Anhui University Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing Ministry of Education School of Computer Science and Technology Hefei230601 China Hefei University of Technology School of Computer Science and Information Engineering Hefei230009 China

Domain generalization (DG) aims to solve the problem of significant performance degradation when target domain data collected from the Out-Of-Distribution (O.O.D). Previous efforts try to exploit invariant features in the source domain through CNN networks. However, inspired by causal mechanisms, we find that the complex spurious-invariant information is still hidden in this view invariant features, and the impact of domain and class discrepancies on extracting invariance has not been effectively mitigated. To alleviate these issues, we propose a self-weighted multi-view mining invariance domain generalization framework (SMIDG). On the one hand, to make up for the insufficiency of traditional single-view convolutional feature extraction networks, we propose to mine features from another frequency view and use the self-adaptive adversarial masks to eliminate some spurious correlations, ensuring causal invariance in the coarse-grained generalization. However, due to inconsistencies in discriminative information between interdomain and intra-domain samples, as well as inter-class and intra-class samples, the coarse-grained elimination of spurious associations does not fully resolve this issue. On the other hand, we also consider the fine-grained generalization from two aspects. Firstly, to better tackle the domain discrepancies, we propose a novel progressive contrastive learning strategy that learns the underlying specific features of samples while gradually mitigating domain discrepancies, thereby ensuring domain invariance in fine-grained generalization. Secondly, due to the issue of feature inconsistency, we adopt a self-adaptive hard sample mining method with information gain to ensure that the model pays more attention on hard disentangled samples, thus maintaining feature invariance. Extensive experiments on five benchmark datasets demonstrate that our method outperforms state-of-the-art approaches. © 1992-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Contrastive learning Feature extraction Frequency-domain analysis Training Data models Data mining Correlation Data augmentation Convolutional neural networks computer science

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HViTML: Hybrid vision transformer with machine learning-based classification model for glaucomatous eye

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-24页

作者： Singh, Piyush Bhushan Singh, Pawan Dev, Harsh Batra, Devanshu Chaurasia, Brijesh Kumar Department of Information Technology Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology Uttar Pradesh Kanpur India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Amity School of Engineering and Technology Amity University Uttar Pradesh Lucknow India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Babu Banarasi Das University Uttar Pradesh Lucknow India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology Uttar Pradesh Kanpur India

Glaucoma is currently one of the most significant causes of permanent blindness. Fundus imaging is the most popular glaucoma screening method because of the compromises it has to make in terms of portability, size, and cost. In recent years, convolution neural networks (CNNs) have revolutionized computer vision. Convolution is a "local" CNN technique that is only applicable to a small region surrounding an image. Vision Transformers (ViT) use self-attention, which is a "global" activity since it collects information from the entire image. As a result, the ViT can successfully gather distant semantic relevance from an image. This study examined several optimizers, including Adamax, SGD, RMSprop, Adadelta, Adafactor, Nadam, and Adagrad. With 1750 Healthy and Glaucoma images in the IEEE fundus image dataset and 4800 healthy and glaucoma images in the LAG fundus image dataset, we trained and tested the ViT model on these datasets. Additionally, the datasets underwent image scaling, auto-rotation, and auto-contrast adjustment via adaptive equalization during preprocessing. The results demonstrated that preparing the provided dataset with various optimizers improved accuracy and other performance metrics. Additionally, according to the results, the Nadam Optimizer improved accuracy in the adaptive equalized preprocessing of the IEEE dataset by up to 97.8% and in the adaptive equalized preprocessing of the LAG dataset by up to 92%, both of which were followed by auto rotation and image resizing processes. In addition to integrating our vision transformer model with the shift tokenization model, we also combined ViT with a hybrid model that consisted of six different models, including SVM, Gaussian NB, Bernoulli NB, Decision Tree, KNN, and Random Forest, based on which optimizer was the most successful for each dataset. Empirical results show that the SVM Model worked well and improved accuracy by up to 93% with precision of up to 94% in the adaptive equalization preprocess

关键词： Decision trees

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Abnormal event detection in surveillance videos through LSTM auto-encoding and local minima assistance

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Discover Internet of Things 2025年第1期5卷 1-25页

作者： Sengonul, Erkan Samet, Refik Abu Al-Haija, Qasem Alqahtani, Ali Alsemmeari, Rayan A. Alghamdi, Bandar Alturki, Badraddin Alsulami, Abdulaziz A. Department of Computer Engineering Ankara University Ankara06100 Turkey Department of Cybersecurity Faculty of Computer & Information Technology Jordan University of Science and Technology PO Box 3030 Irbid22110 Jordan Department of Networks & Communications Engineering College of Computer Science & Information Systems Najran University Najran61441 Saudi Arabia Department of Information Technology Faculty of Computing and Information Technology King Abdulaziz University Jeddah21589 Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems Faculty of Computing and Information Technology King Abdulaziz University Jeddah21589 Saudi Arabia

Abnormal event detection in video surveillance is critical for security, traffic management, and industrial monitoring applications. This paper introduces an innovative methodology for anomaly detection in video data, encompassing three primary stages: preprocessing, feature learning, and anomaly detection. We employ background subtraction and noise reduction during preprocessing to refine the data. The feature-learning stage involves training an LSTM autoencoder to capture the essential features of normal video sequences. For anomaly detection, we map video data to a lower-dimensional space (latent code) and compare it against the distribution of codes from normal sequences. We determine regularity scores and identify local minima points exceeding a specified threshold while scrutinizing shadows between adjacent maxima to confirm and pinpoint anomalies. When tested on the CUHK Avenue and UMN datasets, our methodology demonstrated performance with AUCs of 93.8% and 94.1%, respectively, outperforming several baseline models. Our results show the high precision of our method that can detect anomalies, highlighting its potential advantages that it can achieve for enhancing systems of surveillance. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Noise abatement

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Automated object recognition in high-resolution optical remote sensing imagery

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National science Review 2023年第6期10卷 38-41页

作者： Yazhou Yao Tao Chen Hanbo Bi Xinhao Cai Gensheng Pei Guoye Yang Zhiyuan Yan Xian Sun Xing Xu Hai Zhang School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Electronic Electrical and Communication Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Network Information System Technology (NIST) Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua University School of Computer Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Pazhou Laboratory (Huangpu) School of Mathematics Northwest University

INTRODUCTION With the rapid development of remote sensing technology,high-quality remote sensing images have become widely *** automated object detection and recognition of these images,which aims to automatically locate objects of interest in remote sensing images and distinguish their specific categories,is an important fundamental task in the *** provides an effective means for geospatial object monitoring in many social applications,such as intelligent transportation,urban planning,environmental monitoring and homeland security.

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Gannet Optimization Algorithm Enhanced by Quasi-Affine Transformation Algorithm and Its Application in 3D Coverage of Wireless Sensor Network

Journal of Network Intelligence

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Journal of Network Intelligence 2024年第1期9卷 69-87页

作者： Peng, Yun-Feng Chu, Shu-Chuan Wang, Ru-Yu Zhao, Jia Pan, Jeng-Shyang School of Computer Science Northeast Electric Power University Jilin132012 China College of Computer Science and Engineering Shandong University of Science and Technology Qingdao266590 China School of Information Engineering Nanchang Institute of Technology Nanchang330099 China Department of Information Management Chaoyang University of Technology Taichung41349 Taiwan

The gannet optimization algorithm (GOA) is an effective group intelligence algorithm inspired by the foraging behavior of gannets. Despite its merits, considerable potential exists for enhancing its exploration and convergence capabilities. A gannet optimization algorithm improved by the quasi-affine transformation evolutionary algorithm, restart strategy, and elite selection strategy (QRE-GOA) is proposed in this paper. The algorithm employs the quasi-affine transformation evolutionary algorithm (QUATRE) to matrix the gannet optimization algorithm to search for optimal solutions more accurately. The use of a restart strategy and elite selection can be more effective in preventing the algorithm from falling into local optimal solutions. Comparative experiments were conducted using the CEC2017 benchmark series. A detailed analysis was conducted, we per-formed a detailed analysis to check the accuracy and convergence speed of the algorithm search in different dimensions. Subsequently, a comprehensive analysis was undertaken to assess the accuracy and convergence speed of the algorithm’s search process across various dimensions. The experimental statistical results show that the new algorithm has stronger exploration ability and better convergence ability than the original algorithm. In addition, this paper focuses on process justification so that the experimental results are reliable, trustworthy, and interpretable. Finally, the newly proposed QRE-GOA algorithm is deployed to address the 3D Coverage challenge in Wireless Sensor Networks. Experimental findings unequivocally demonstrate the superior performance of QRE-GOA. These results, underscore its potential for addressing existing limitations in optimization methods. © 2024, Taiwan Ubiquitous information CO LTD. All rights reserved.

关键词： Evolutionary algorithms

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Deep Learning Based Side-Channel Attack Detection for Mobile Devices Security in 5G Networks

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清华大学学报自然科学版（英文版） 2025年第3期30卷 1012-1026页

作者： Amjed A.Ahmed Mohammad Kamrul Hasan Ali Alqahtani Shayla Islam Bishwajeet Pandey Leila Rzayeva Huda Saleh Abbas Azana Hafizah Mohd Aman Nayef Alqahtani Center for Cyber Security Faculty of Information Science and TechnologyUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaBangi 43600Malaysia Imam Alkadhim University College Department of Computer Techniques EngineeringBaghdad 10066Iraq Center for Cyber Security Faculty of Information Science and TechnologyUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaBangi 43600Malaysia Department of Networks and Communications Engineering College of Computer Science and Information SystemsNajran UniversityNajran 61441Saudi Arabia Institute of Computer Science and Digital Innovation UCSI UniversityKuala Lumpur 56000Malaysia Department of Intelligent Systems and Cyber Security Astana IT UniversityAstana 20000Kazakstan Department of Computer Science College of Computer Science and EngineeringTaibah UniversityMadinah 42353Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical Engineering College of EngineeringKing Faisal UniversityAl-Hofuf 31982Saudi Arabia

Mobile devices within Fifth Generation(5G)networks,typically equipped with Android systems,serve as a bridge to connect digital gadgets such as global positioning system,mobile devices,and wireless routers,which are vital in facilitating end-user communication ***,the security of Android systems has been challenged by the sensitive data involved,leading to vulnerabilities in mobile devices used in 5G *** vulnerabilities expose mobile devices to cyber-attacks,primarily resulting from security ***-permission apps in Android can exploit these channels to access sensitive information,including user identities,login credentials,and geolocation *** such attack leverages"zero-permission"sensors like accelerometers and gyroscopes,enabling attackers to gather information about the smartphone's *** underscores the importance of fortifying mobile devices against potential future *** research focuses on a new recurrent neural network prediction model,which has proved highly effective for detecting side-channel attacks in mobile devices in 5G *** conducted state-of-the-art comparative studies to validate our experimental *** results demonstrate that even a small amount of training data can accurately recognize 37.5％of previously unseen user-typed ***,our tap detection mechanism achieves a 92％accuracy rate,a crucial factor for text *** findings have significant practical implications,as they reinforce mobile device security in 5G networks,enhancing user privacy,and data protection.

关键词： Fifth Generation(5G)networks smartphone information leakage Side-Channel Attack(SCA) deep learning

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Designing an Ultrasonic-Assisted Machining System by Using a Network Mapping Fusion–Convolutional Neuro-Fuzzy Network Model

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IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 2024年第7期20卷 1-12页

作者： Lin, Cheng-Jian Jhang, Jyun-Yu Lin, Xue-Qian the Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Chin-Yi University of Technology Taichung 411030 Taiwan the Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taichung University of Science and Technology Taichung 404336 Taiwan

In the field of machining, product quality must meet customer specifications. In general, surface roughness is an essential indicator of machining quality. Low surface roughness correlates with increased fatigue strength and corrosion resistance. However, the main factor that affects surface roughness is the selection of the machining parameters. When different parameters are combined, the resulting machining quality varies. Therefore, to achieve the desired machining quality, appropriate machining parameters must be selected. In this study, an ultrasonic-assisted machining system (UAMS) was designed to help users determine the machining parameters and machine SiC materials. To establish a prediction model for surface roughness, a novel network mapping fusion (NMF) convolutional neuro-fuzzy network (CNFN) model was used in the designed UAMS. The differential evolution algorithm was then used to search for optimized machining parameters. To explain the prediction model, which can help analyze the factors that have the greatest influence on surface roughness, a Shapley additive explanations method is proposed. The proposed NMF–CNFN model was more accurate than were the other deep learning models and exhibited a MAPE of 1.98%. When optimized machining parameters were selected, the desired surface roughness was obtained, thereby confirming the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed UAMS. Moreover, the proposed model was implemented in a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) to reduce its power consumption and increase its computational performance. Experimental results indicated that the computational speed of the FPGA was 99.64%and 99.16%higher than those of the CPU and GPU, respectively. IEEE

关键词： Convolutional neuro-fuzzy network (CNFN) differential evolution (DE) algorithm neuro-fuzzy network Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) ultrasonic-assisted machining system (UAMS)

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FIMKD: Feature-Implicit Mapping Knowledge Distillation for RGB-D Indoor Scene Semantic Segmentation

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2024年第12期5卷 6488-6499页

作者： Zhou, Wujie Xiao, Yuxiang Liu, Yuanyuan Jiang, Qiuping Zhejiang University of Science & Technology School of Information & Electronic Engineering Hangzhou310023 China Nanyang Technological University School of Computer Science and Engineering Singapore308232 Singapore China University of Geosciences School of Computer and Technology Wuhan430074 China Ningbo University School of Information Science and Engineering Ningbo315211 China

Depth images are often used to improve the geometric understanding of scenes owing to their intuitive distance properties. Although there have been significant advancements in semantic segmentation tasks using red-green-blue-depth (RGB-D) images, the complexity of existing methods remains high. Furthermore, the requirement for high-quality depth images increases the model inference time, which limits the practicality of these methods. To address this issue, we propose a feature-implicit mapping knowledge distillation (FIMKD) method and a cross-modal knowledge distillation (KD) architecture to leverage deep modal information for training and reduce the model dependence on this information during inference. The approach comprises two networks: FIMKD-T, a teacher network that uses RGB-D data, and FIMKD-S, a student network that uses only RGB data. FIMKD-T extracts high-frequency information using the depth modality and compensates for the loss of RGB details due to a reduction in resolution during feature extraction by the high-frequency feature enhancement module, thereby enhancing the geometric perception of semantic features. In contrast, the FIMKD-S network does not employ deep learning techniques;instead, it uses a nonlearning approach to extract high-frequency information. To enable the FIMKD-S network to learn deep features, we propose a feature-implicit mapping KD for feature distillation. This mapping technique maps the features in channel and space to a low-dimensional hidden layer, which helps to avoid inefficient single-pattern student learning. We evaluated the proposed FIMKD-S∗ (FIMKD-S with KD) on the NYUv2 and SUN-RGBD datasets. The results demonstrate that both FIMKD-T and FIMKD-S∗ achieve state-of-the-art performance. Furthermore, FIMKD-S∗ provides the best performance balance. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Semantic Segmentation

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