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AI-enabled dental caries detection using transfer learning and gradient-based class activation mapping

Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing 2024年第7期15卷 3009-3033页

作者： Inani, Hardik Mehta, Veerangi Bhavsar, Drashti Gupta, Rajeev Kumar Jain, Arti Akhtar, Zahid Department of Computer Science and Engineering Pandit Deendayal Energy University Gujarat Gandhinagar India Department of Computer Science and Engineering and Information Technology Jaypee Institute of Information Technology Uttar Pradesh Noida India Department of Network and Computer Security State University of New York Polytechnic Institute NY United States

Dental caries detection holds the key to unlocking brighter smiles and healthier lives by identifying one of the most common oral health issues early on. This vital topic sheds light on innovative ways to combat tooth decay, empowering individuals to take control of their oral health and maintain radiant smiles. This research paper delves into the realm of transfer learning techniques, aiming to elevate the precision and efficacy of dental caries diagnosis. Utilizing Keras ImageDataGenerator, a rich and balanced dataset is crafted by augmenting teeth images from the Kaggle teeth dataset. Five cutting-edge pre-trained architectures are harnessed in the transfer learning approach: EfficientNetV2B3, VGG19, InceptionResNetV2, Xception, and ResNet50, with each model, initialized using ImageNet weights and tailored top layers. A comprehensive set of evaluation metrics, encompassing accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and false negative rates are employed to gauge the performance of these architectures. The findings unveil the unique advantages and drawbacks of each model, illuminating the path to an optimal choice for dental caries detection using Grad-CAM (Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping). The testing accuracies achieved by EfficientNetV2B3, VGG19, InceptionResNetV2, Xception, and ResNet50 models stand at 95.89%, 96.58%, 93.15%, 93.15%, and 94.18%, respectively. The Training accuracies stood at 100%, 99.91%, 100%, 100% and 100%, meanwhile on validation we achieved 97.63%, 96.68%, 98.82%, 96.68%, and 100% accuracies for EfficientNetV2B3, VGG19, InceptionResNetV2, Xception, and ResNet50 models respectively. Capitalizing on transfer learning and juxtaposing diverse pre-trained architectures, this research paper paves the way for substantial advancements in dental diagnostic capabilities, culminating in enhanced patient outcomes and superior oral health. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Chemical activation

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Vehicle Accident Detection and Reporting System using Internet of Things 5

Vehicle Accident Detection and Reporting System using Intern...

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5th International Conference on Electronics and Sustainable Communication Systems, ICESC 2024

作者： Goyal, Atul Gupta, Priyansh Pandey, Kavita Jaypee Institute of Information Technology Department of Computer Science & Engineering and Information Technology Noida India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350379945

The rising number of vehicles on the road has led to a concerning increase in accidents, as reported by the Indian Government's Ministry of Road Transport and Highways. In many cases, prompt medical assistance can save lives. While numerous solutions exist to address this issue, most are limited to two-wheelers. In contrast, this research study presents a vehicle-independent solution that employs sensors to detect accidents in any vehicle type, making it highly effective and cost-efficient. The proposed model automatically identifies and report accidents in real-time, enhancing the road safety. It utilizes advanced sensors and communication technology to promptly notify emergency services and relevant authorities for timely response and assistance. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Vehicle detection

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rafPS:A shapley-based visual analytics approach to interpret traffic

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Computational Visual Media 2024年第6期10卷 1101-1119页

作者： Zezheng Feng Yifan Jiang Hongjun Wang Zipei Fan Yuxin Ma Shuang-Hua Yang Huamin Qu Xuan Song Department of Computer Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 18055China Department of Computer Science and Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina Department of Computer Science University of ReadingBerkshire RG66AHUK Center for Spatial Information Science the University of TokyoTokyo 113-00331Japan Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Safety and Security for Next Generation of Industrial Internet Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China

Recent achievements in deep learning(DL)have demonstrated its potential in predicting traffic *** predictions are beneficial for understanding the situation and making traffic control ***,most state-of-the-art DL models are consi-dered“black boxes”with little to no transparency of the underlying mechanisms for end *** previous studies attempted to“open the black box”and increase the interpretability of generated ***,handling complex models on large-scale spatiotemporal data and discovering salient spatial and temporal patterns that significantly influence traffic flow remain *** overcome these challenges,we present TrafPS,a visual analytics approach for interpreting traffic prediction outcomes to support decision-making in traffic management and urban *** measurements region SHAP and trajectory SHAP are proposed to quantify the impact of flow patterns on urban traffic at different *** on the task requirements from domain experts,we employed an interactive visual interface for the multi-aspect exploration and analysis of significant flow *** real-world case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of TrafPS in identifying key routes and providing decision-making support for urban planning.

关键词： data visualization model interpretation urban planning urban visual analytics

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Dehazing using Generative Adversarial Network - A Review

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SN computer science 2025年第1期6卷 1-17页

作者： Khatun, Amina Mostafiz, Rafid Shorif, Sumaita Binte Uddin, Mohammad Shorif Hadi, Md. Abdul Department of Computer Science and Engineering Jahangirnagar University Dhaka Bangladesh Institute of Information Technology Noakhali Science and Technology University Noakhali Bangladesh Department of Computer Science: Information Technology University of Nebraska Omaha Omaha United States

Dehazing is a difficult process in computer vision that seeks to improve the clarity and excellence of pictures taken under cloudy, foggy, and rainy circumstances. The Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) has been a viable method for removing haze from photos in recent years. This is because GAN can understand intricate data patterns and provide high-quality outcomes. This paper provides a thorough examination of the most advanced strategies in dehazing utilizing GAN. The study examines the various elements utilized in GAN-based dehazing, including generator and discriminator architectures, loss functions, and training strategies. It also explores the evaluation metrics employed to assess the effectiveness of GAN-based dehazing methods. It also examines the datasets often used to train and evaluate these models. This research concludes by examining prospective avenues for future study in the domain of dehazing, employing GAN to tackle the obstacles of real-time dehazing, managing intricate scenarios with various atmospheric conditions, and enhancing the resilience of GAN-based dehazing models. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.

关键词： Atmospheric haze Dehazing Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) Performance evaluation metrics

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Data Secure Storage Mechanism for IIoT Based on Blockchain

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 4029-4048页

作者： Jin Wang Guoshu Huang R.Simon Sherratt Ding Huang Jia Ni School of Computer Science and Mathematics Fujian University of TechnologyFuzhou350118China School of Computer&Communication Engineering Changsha University of Science&TechnologyChangsha410004China School of Systems Engineering The University of ReadingReadingRG66AYUK School of Computer Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China

With the development of Industry 4.0 and big data technology,the Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT)is hampered by inherent issues such as privacy,security,and fault tolerance,which pose certain challenges to the rapid development of *** technology has immutability,decentralization,and autonomy,which can greatly improve the inherent defects of the *** the traditional blockchain,data is stored in a Merkle *** data continues to grow,the scale of proofs used to validate it grows,threatening the efficiency,security,and reliability of blockchain-based ***,this paper first analyzes the inefficiency of the traditional blockchain structure in verifying the integrity and correctness of *** solve this problem,a new Vector Commitment(VC)structure,Partition Vector Commitment(PVC),is proposed by improving the traditional VC ***,this paper uses PVC instead of the Merkle tree to store big data generated by *** can improve the efficiency of traditional VC in the process of commitment and ***,this paper uses PVC to build a blockchain-based IIoT data security storage mechanism and carries out a comparative analysis of *** mechanism can greatly reduce communication loss and maximize the rational use of storage space,which is of great significance for maintaining the security and stability of blockchain-based IIoT.

关键词： Blockchain IIoT data storage cryptographic commitment

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Illicit Events Evaluation on the Dark Web Using NSGA-2 Algorithms Based on Energy Consumption

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Informatica (Slovenia) 2024年第18期48卷 77-96页

作者： Rawat, Romil Rajavat, Anand Department of Computer Science Engineering Shri Vaishnav Institute of Information Technology Shri Vaishnav Vidyapeeth Vishwavidyalaya Indore India

The proposed work objective is to adopt the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II), a type of MOEA (multi-objective evolutionary algorithms), to reduce the dimensionality and identify the most relevant features. The objectives and hypotheses tested using NSGA-II and MOEA are to develop predictive models that best fit the problem of traffic analysis, analyse the set of features associated with the dataset, and apply NSGA techniques to reduce the data dimensionality. The work used the datasets and considered the Transnational Terrorist Hostage Event (TTHE) and Counter Trafficking Data Collaborative (CTDC) datasets, which relate to global human trafficking (HTr). The method used is focused on analysing the energy consumption (Econ) with the carbon footprint (CFP) of the proposed algorithm for different values of the main parameters on different hardware platforms, where the quality of each individual is computed based on ML algorithms. The result represents the "F-measure" metric obtained from support vector machines (SVM) and the number of features in order to determine the dimensionality, the execution time, the Econ, and the CFP during the feature engineering process. To estimate performance, the parameter values are computed using *** proposed work concludes that cybercrime employs and represents susceptible behaviour on the OSN Channels network. We identified the threat patterns by using NSGA-II and Econ analysis to establish connections between the variables in the dataset. © 2024 Slovene Society Informatika. All rights reserved.

关键词： Support vector machines

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Preemptive Min Max Optimal Cost Based Scheduling for Improving the Load Balancing in Virtualized Cloud Environment

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SN computer science 2024年第6期5卷 754页

作者： Ravikumar, K. Saravanakumar, K. Viswanathan, Anand Department of Computer Science and Engineering RRASE College of Engineering Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sri Eshwar College of Engineering Department of Information Technology Ponjesly College of Engineering

Load balancing and scheduling are essential components of cloud computing that aim to optimize resource allocation and utilization. In a cloud environment, multiple virtual machines and applications compete for shared resources, and efficient load balancing and scheduling mechanisms are crucial for ensuring optimal performance and resource utilization. The prior methodologies attains higher utilization to allocate task due to makspan problem leads more deadlock occurrence and request failures with higher energy consideration. Furthermore, the paper examines the challenges and considerations in load balancing and scheduling, such as dynamic workload variations, heterogeneity of resources, and QoS requirements. To handle this issues, to propose an Efficient Load Balancing Based Predictive Priority-based Preemptive Min max priority Load balancer (PMin-Max LB) to improve the service optimality in Decentralized cloud server. Initially the user request accessibility and task progress is evaluated through Service level Workload Impact score (SLWIS). Then introducing Workload Scaling Job vector estimation is carried by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). By evaluating the Makespan Instance Scaling Changeover Virtualization (MISCV) task weights are assigned to virtual machine by applying Preemptive Min max priority Load balancer (PMin-Max LB) to reduce the workload to improve the performance. The proposed system improves the impact of load balancing and scheduling on cloud performance, scalability, and cost-effectiveness. Finally proposed system attains the potential advancements in load balancing and scheduling techniques improves the computing approach in virtualization process to reduce the workload burned to optimize the heterogeneity and Quality of service. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.

关键词： Cloud computing Load balancer Particle swarm optimization Priority scheduling Task allocation Virtual machine

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Joint Biomedical Entity and Relation Extraction Based on Multi-Granularity Convolutional Tokens Pairs of Labeling

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第9期80卷 4325-4340页

作者： Zhaojie Sun Linlin Xing Longbo Zhang Hongzhen Cai Maozu Guo Department of Computer Science and Technology Shandong University of TechnologyZibo255000China Department of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science Shandong University of TechnologyZibo255000China Department of Electrical and Information Engineering Beijing University of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureBeijing100044China

Extracting valuable information frombiomedical texts is one of the current research hotspots of concern to a wide range of *** biomedical corpus contains numerous complex long sentences and overlapping relational triples,making most generalized domain joint modeling methods difficult to apply effectively in this *** a complex semantic environment in biomedical texts,in this paper,we propose a novel perspective to perform joint entity and relation extraction;existing studies divide the relation triples into several steps or ***,the three elements in the relation triples are interdependent and inseparable,so we regard joint extraction as a tripartite classification *** the same time,fromthe perspective of triple classification,we design amulti-granularity 2D convolution to refine the word pair table and better utilize the dependencies between biomedical word ***,we use a biaffine predictor to assist in predicting the labels of word pairs for relation *** model(MCTPL)Multi-granularity Convolutional Tokens Pairs of Labeling better utilizes the elements of triples and improves the ability to extract overlapping triples compared to previous ***,we evaluated our model on two publicly accessible *** experimental results show that our model’s ability to extract relation triples on the CPI dataset improves the F1 score by 2.34%compared to the current optimal *** the DDI dataset,the F1 value improves the F1 value by 1.68%compared to the current optimal *** model achieved state-of-the-art performance compared to other baseline models in biomedical text entity relation extraction.

关键词： Deep learning biomedical joint extraction triple classification multi-granularity 2D convolution

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A hybrid convolutional neural network for sarcasm detection from multilingual social media posts

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第16期84卷 15867-15895页

作者： Pandey, Rajnish Kumar, Abhinav Singh, Jyoti Prakash Tripathi, Sudhakar Department of Information Technology IET Dr Rammanohar Lohia Awadh University Ayodhya Uttar Pradesh Faizabad India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad Prayagraj211004 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology Patna Patna India Department of Information Technology Rajkiya Engineering College Uttar Pradesh Ambedkarnagar India

Sarcasm in social media postings significantly impacts automated sentiment extraction due to its potential to invert the overall polarity of phrases. It poses a formidable challenge in extracting genuine sentiments from informal multilingual comments about events or individuals, especially when the message is in a multilingual form. The prevalence of noisy datasets further complicates this task. This work proposes a hybrid convolutional neural network (CNN-H) model to classify sarcastic and non-sarcastic statements. Unlike traditional CNN models, CNN-H integrates character and word embeddings, enhancing its capacity to handle the complexities of multilingual content. Evaluation on five benchmark datasets, including English (news headlines, Ghosh Tweet, Riloff Tweet), Hindi, and multilingual Hindi-English (Hinglish), demonstrates the superior performance of CNN-H. The model surpasses various state-of-the-art conventional machine-learning and deep-learning models, including CNN, achieving an impressive F1-score of 93.0% on the multilingual dataset. The incorporation of character and word embeddings proves pivotal in mitigating the impact of noisy datasets, prevalent in social media posts. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Sentiment analysis

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An ensemble approach for classification of diabetic retinopathy in fundus image

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第12期84卷 10567-10586页

作者： Prakash, J. Vinoth kumar, B. Department of Computer Science & Engineering PSG College of Technology Tamil Nadu Coimbatore India Department of Information Technology PSG College of Technology Tamil Nadu Coimbatore India

Diabetes-oriented diabetic retinopathy impacts the blood vessels in the region of the retina to enlarge and leak blood and other fluids. In most cases, diabetic retinopathy affects both eyes. If left untreated, it would eventually lead to blindness. Diabetic Retinopathy is so widespread that around 93 million adults are affected by it on a worldwide scale. Early identification and treatment would reduce the danger of serious diabetic retinopathy visual impairment. To achieve early detection, we can make use of our advancement in image processing to diagnose how severely the patient is affected by diabetic retinopathy. Using a patient’s fundus image and modern deep learning methods, we will be able to classify the result into five categories of severity: unaffected, severe, mild, moderate, and proliferate. Based on the results, the doctor would be able to determine what type of treatment is required to further avoid vision loss. The strategy outlined in this work is to employ five well-known deep learning models, namely Inception ResNet V2, VGG19, Xception, ResNet50, DenseNet112, and integrate their outcomes successfully utilizing ensemble learning. The experimentation outcome displays that the proposed approach classifies all the classes of Diabetic Retinopathy and performs better compared to other methods with a Specificity of 92.02%. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Blood vessels

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