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An object detection approach with residual feature fusion and second-order term attention mechanism

CAAI Transactions on Intelligence technology 2024年第2期9卷 411-424页

作者： Cuijin Li Zhong Qu Shengye Wang College of Computer Science and Technology Chongqing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChongqingChina College of Electronic Information Chongqing Institute of EngineeringChongqingChina

Automatically detecting and locating remote occlusion small objects from the images of complex traffic environments is a valuable and challenging *** the boundary box location is not sufficiently accurate and it is difficult to distinguish overlapping and occluded objects,the authors propose a network model with a second-order term attention mechanism and occlusion ***,the backbone network is built on *** a method is designed for the feature extraction network based on an item-wise attention mechanism,which uses the filtered weighted feature vector to replace the original residual fusion and adds a second-order term to reduce the information loss in the process of fusion and accelerate the convergence of the ***,an objected occlusion regression loss function is studied to reduce the problems of missed detections caused by dense *** experimental results demonstrate that the authors’method achieved state-of-the-art performance without reducing the detection *** mAP@.5 of the method is 85.8%on the Foggy_cityscapes dataset and the mAP@.5 of the method is 97.8%on the KITTI dataset.

关键词： artificial intelligence computer vision image processing machine learning neural network object recognition

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Modified Bat Algorithm: a newly proposed approach for solving complex and real-world problems

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Soft Computing 2024年第13-14期28卷 7983-7998页

作者： Umar, Shahla U. Rashid, Tarik A. Ahmed, Aram M. Hassan, Bryar A. Baker, Mohammed Rashad Department of Software College of Computer Science and Information Technology University of Kirkuk Kirkuk Iraq Computer Science and Engineering Department School of Science and Engineering University of Kurdistan Hewler KRI Erbil Iraq Department of Computer Science College of Science Charmo University Sulaimani Chamchamal46023 Iraq

Bat Algorithm (BA) is a nature-inspired metaheuristic search algorithm designed to efficiently explore complex problem spaces and find near-optimal solutions. The algorithm is inspired by the echolocation behavior of bats, which acts as a signal system to estimate the distance and hunt prey. Although the BA has proven effective for various optimization problems, it exhibits limited exploration ability and susceptibility to local optima. The algorithm updates velocities and positions based on the current global best solution, causing all agents to converge toward a specific location, potentially leading to local optima issues in optimization problems. On this premise, this paper proposes the Modified Bat Algorithm (MBA) as an enhancement to address the local optima limitation observed in the original BA. MBA incorporates the frequency and velocity of the current best solution, enhancing convergence speed to the optimal solution and preventing local optima entrapment. While the original BA faces diversity issues, both the original BA and MBA are introduced. To assess MBA’s performance, three sets of test functions (classical benchmark functions, CEC2005, and CEC2019) are employed, with results compared to those of the original BA, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Genetic Algorithm (GA), and Dragonfly Algorithm (DA). The outcomes demonstrate the MBA’s significant superiority over other algorithms. In addition, MBA successfully addresses a real-world assignment problem (call center problem), traditionally solved using linear programming methods, with satisfactory results. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Swarm intelligence

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Oppositional Red Fox Optimization Based Task Scheduling Scheme for Cloud Environment

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computer Systems science & engineering 2023年第4期45卷 483-495页

作者： B.Chellapraba D.Manohari K.Periyakaruppan M.S.Kavitha Department of Information Technology Karpagam Institute of TechnologyCoimbatore641032TamilnaduIndia Department of Computer Science and Engineering St.Joseph’s Institute of TechnologyChennai600119India Department of Computer Science&Engineering SNS College of EngineeringCoimbatore641107India Department of Computer Science&Engineering SNS College of TechnologyCoimbatore641035India

Owing to massive technological developments in Internet of Things(IoT)and cloud environment,cloud computing(CC)offers a highly flexible heterogeneous resource pool over the network,and clients could exploit various resources on *** IoT-enabled models are restricted to resources and require crisp response,minimum latency,and maximum bandwidth,which are outside the *** was handled as a resource-rich solution to aforementioned *** high delay reduces the performance of the IoT enabled cloud platform,efficient utilization of task scheduling(TS)reduces the energy usage of the cloud infrastructure and increases the income of service provider via minimizing processing time of user ***,this article concentration on the design of an oppositional red fox optimization based task scheduling scheme(ORFOTSS)for IoT enabled cloud *** presented ORFO-TSS model resolves the problem of allocating resources from the IoT based cloud *** achieves the makespan by performing optimum TS procedures with various aspects of incoming *** designing of ORFO-TSS method includes the idea of oppositional based learning(OBL)as to traditional RFO approach in enhancing their efficiency.A wide-ranging experimental analysis was applied on the CloudSim *** experimental outcome highlighted the efficacy of the ORFO-TSS technique over existing approaches.

关键词： Metaheuristics task scheduling cloud computing internet of things makespan red fox optimizer

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Improved Harris Hawks Algorithm and Its Application in Feature Selection

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第10期81卷 1251-1273页

作者： Qianqian Zhang Yingmei Li Jianjun Zhan Shan Chen School of Computer Science and Information Engineering Harbin Normal UniversityHarbin150025China College of Systems Engineering National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha410073China

This research focuses on improving the Harris’Hawks Optimization algorithm(HHO)by tackling several of its shortcomings,including insufficient population diversity,an imbalance in exploration ***,and a lack of thorough exploitation *** tackle these shortcomings,it proposes enhancements from three distinct perspectives:an initialization technique for populations grounded in opposition-based learning,a strategy for updating escape energy factors to improve the equilibrium between exploitation and exploration,and a comprehensive exploitation approach that utilizes variable neighborhood search along with mutation *** effectiveness of the Improved Harris Hawks Optimization algorithm(IHHO)is assessed by comparing it to five leading algorithms across 23 benchmark test *** findings indicate that the IHHO surpasses several contemporary algorithms its problem-solving ***,this paper introduces a feature selection method leveraging the IHHO algorithm(IHHO-FS)to address challenges such as low efficiency in feature selection and high computational costs(time to find the optimal feature combination and model response time)associated with high-dimensional *** analyses between IHHO-FS and six other advanced feature selection methods are conducted across eight *** results demonstrate that IHHO-FS significantly reduces the computational costs associated with classification models by lowering data dimensionality,while also enhancing the efficiency of feature ***,IHHO-FS shows strong competitiveness relative to numerous algorithms.

关键词： HHO IHHO population diversity energy factor update strategy deep exploitation strategy feature selection

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Preventing 51% Attack by Using Consecutive Block Limits in Bitcoin

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IEEE Access 2024年 12卷 77852-77869页

作者： Mahmood Babur, Sohail Ur Rehman Khan, Shafiq Yang, Jing Chen, Yen-Lin Soon Ku, Chin Yee Por, Lip Government Murray College Department of Information Technology Sialkot51010 Pakistan Capital University of Science and Technology Department of Computer Science Islamabad44730 Pakistan Universiti Malaya Department of Computer System and Technology Kuala Lumpur50603 Malaysia National Taipei University of Technology Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Taipei106344 Taiwan Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman Department of Computer Science Kampar31900 Malaysia

In permissionless blockchain systems, Proof of Work (PoW) is utilized to address the issues of double-spending and transaction starvation. When an attacker acquires more than 50% of the hash power of the entire network, they gain the ability to engage in double-spending activities, posing a significant threat to the PoW consensus algorithm. This research focuses on the consensus algorithm employed in the Bitcoin system, explaining how it operates and the security challenges it faces. The proposed modification to the PoW algorithm imposes a restriction on miners: they are not allowed to accept consecutive blocks from the same miner into the final local blockchain to prevent the 51% attack problem. This modification supports transactions that require six confirmations. In the event an attacker attempts a 51% attack with a private chain that consists of fewer than 6 blocks, it becomes easier to detect a double-spending attack before accepting the attacker's private chain. The modified algorithm introduces a 'Safe Mode Detection Algorithm' that scrutinizes incoming blocks for adjustments at the top of the local blockchain. If inconsistencies are identified, the consensus algorithm proceeds cautiously by comparing the UTXO dictionaries from the attacker's chain with those from the miner's own blockchain. This meticulous comparison aims to detect instances of double-spending. If such instances are detected, the miner rejects the attacker's chain, establishing a double-spend-free environment and thwarting 51% attacks. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Blockchain

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Arduino-Powered Sonar Radar MOKSH: Design, Implementation, and Applications 1

Arduino-Powered Sonar Radar MOKSH: Design, Implementation, a...

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1st International Conference on Advanced Computing and Emerging Technologies, ACET 2024

作者： Seejal, Seejal Kumar, Harish Taluja, Anuradha Gandotra, Ekta Gupta, P.K. Computer Science and Engineering Jaypee University of Information Technology Himachal India Computer Science and Engineering Sdgi University Ghaziabad India Computer Science and Engineering Aktu Lucknow Ghaziabad India Computer Science and Engineering Jaypee University of Information Technology India Computer Science and Engineering Mohan Babu University Tirupati India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350367720

The Arduino-controlled radar systems constituting the fundamental elements of this RADAR system, an ultrasonic sensor and servo motor are employed. The fundamental operation of the system is to detect objects within the range specified. Attached to the servo motor is an ultrasonic sensor that rotates approximately 180 degrees and provides a graphical representation on the processing IDE software. In addition to providing a graphical representation, the Processing IDE also provides the object's angle, position, and distance. The administration of this system is facilitated by Arduino. The Arduino UNO board is adequate for both interface development and ultrasonic sensor and display device control. We learned about extant navigation and obstacle detection innovations as well as various systems that make efficient use of ultrasonic sensors through our research. This RADAR system is primarily utilized in the fields of object identification, mapping, surveillance, and monitoring, in addition to navigation and positioning. Additionally, these low-cost systems are appropriate for implementation indoors. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Ultrasonic sensors

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A geometric-approach based Combinatorial Transformative Scalogram analysis for multiclass identification of pathologies in a voice signal

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年 1-21页

作者： Khumukcham, Ranita Nongmeikapam, Kishorjit Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Indian Institute of Information Technology Mantripukhri Manipur Imphal795002 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Information Technology Mantripukhri Manipur Imphal795002 India

Many researchers have preferred non-invasive techniques for recognizing the exact type of physiological abnormality in the vocal tract by training machine learning algorithms with feature descriptors extracted from the voice signal. However, until now, most techniques have been limited to classifying whether a voice is normal or abnormal. It is crucial that the trained Artificial Intelligence (AI) be able to identify the exact pathology associated with voice for implementation in a realistic environment. Another issue is the need to suppress the ambient noise that could be mixed up with the spectra of the voice. Current work proposes a robust, less time-consuming and non-invasive technique for the identification of pathology associated with a laryngeal voice signal. More specifically, a two-stage signal filtering approach that encompasses a score-based geometric approach and a glottal inverse filtering method is applied to the input voice signal. The aim here is to estimate the noise spectra, to regenerate a clean signal and finally to deliver a completely fundamental glottal flow-derived signal. For the next stage, clean glottal derivative signals are used in the formation of a novel fused-scalogram which is currently referred to as the "Combinatorial Transformative Scalogram (CTS)." The CTS is a time-frequency domain plot which is a combination of two time-frequency scalograms. There is a thorough investigation of the performance of the two individual scalograms as well as that of the CTS *** classification metrics are used to investigate performance, which are: sensitivity, mean accuracy, error, precision, false positive rate, specificity, Cohen’s kappa, Matthews Correlation Coefficient, and F1 score. Implementation of the VOice ICar fEDerico II (VOICED) standard database provided the highest mean accuracy of 94.12% with a sensitivity of 93.85% and a specificity of 97.96% against other existing techniques. The current method performed well despite the d

关键词： Frequency domain analysis

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An Advanced Dynamic Scheduling for Achieving Optimal Resource Allocation

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computer Systems science & engineering 2023年第1期44卷 281-295页

作者： R.Prabhu S.Rajesh Department of Computer Science and Engineering AAA College of Engineering and TechnologySivakasiTamilnaduIndia Department of Information Technology Mepco Schlenk Engineering College SivakasiTamilnadu India

Cloud computing distributes task-parallel among the various *** with self-service supported and on-demand service have rapid *** these applications,cloud computing allocates the resources dynami-cally via the internet according to user *** resource allocation is vital for fulfilling user *** contrast,improper resource allocations result to load imbalance,which leads to severe service *** cloud resources implement internet-connected devices using the protocols for storing,communi-cating,and *** extensive needs and lack of optimal resource allo-cating scheme make cloud computing more *** paper proposes an NMDS(Network Manager based Dynamic Scheduling)for achieving a prominent resource allocation scheme for the *** proposed system mainly focuses on dimensionality problems,where the conventional methods fail to address *** proposed system introduced three–threshold mode of task based on its size STT,MTT,LTT(small,medium,large task thresholding).Along with it,task mer-ging enables minimum energy consumption and response *** proposed NMDS is compared with the existing Energy-efficient Dynamic Scheduling scheme(EDS)and Decentralized Virtual Machine Migration(DVM).With a Network Manager-based Dynamic Scheduling,the proposed model achieves excellence in resource allocation compared to the other existing *** obtained results shows the proposed system effectively allocate the resources and achieves about 94%of energy efficient than the other *** evaluation metrics taken for comparison are energy consumption,mean response time,percentage of resource utilization,and migration.

关键词： Cloud computing resource allocation load balance dynamic scheduling dimensionality reduction

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A Cascaded Dynamic Attention-Based Deep Learning Model Segments Brain Tumors 12

A Cascaded Dynamic Attention-Based Deep Learning Model Segme...

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12th International Conference on Current Trends in Advanced Computing, ICCTAC 2024

作者： Choudhary, Kartik Singh, Kaptan Saxena, Amit Computer Science & Engineering Truba Institute of Engineering & Information Technology Bhopal India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350395808

Brain tumor diagnosis and treatment need segmentation, Precision automated segmentation of brain tumors is difficult due to their size, shape, unexpected placements, and fuzzy boundaries. U-Net is a popular medical picture segmentation model due to its simple architecture and high performance. Underutilized contextual information, limited local receptive fields, and lost spatial information are issues. For brain tumor segmentation, CDAU-Net, a novel model with Dynamic Convolution and Non-Local Attention Mechanism, addresses these issues. Two-stage cascaded three-dimensional U-Nets rebuild brain tumor spatial information at better resolution. The cascaded network's lateral connections receive maximal attention, improving its ability to collect long-distance interconnections and use tumor context information. Finally, dynamic convolutions with local adaptive capabilities replace normal convolutions in the cascaded network to increase local features capture. Extensive experiments were conducted on publicly available BraTS 2019 and 2020 datasets, comparing the proposed method with other representative approaches. Proposed method segments brain tumors. Brain tumor segmentation dice values of 0.897/0.903 for whole tumor, 0.826/0.828 for tumor core, and 0.781/0.786 for enhanced tumor segmentation worked in the BraTS 2019/2020 validation set. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Convolution

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Enhanced Steganalysis for Color Images Using Curvelet Features and Support Vector Machine

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第1期78卷 1311-1328页

作者： Arslan Akram Imran Khan Javed Rashid Mubbashar Saddique Muhammad Idrees Yazeed Yasin Ghadi Abdulmohsen Algarni Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Department of Computer ScienceSuperior UniversityLahore54000Pakistan Machine Learning Code(MLC)Lab Meharban HouseHouse Number 209Zafar ColonyOkara56300Pakistan Information Technology Services University of OkaraOkara56310Pakistan Department of Computer Science&Engineering University of Engineering&Technology LahoreNarowal CampusNarowal51601Pakistan Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Al Ain UniversityAl Ain11671Abu Dhabi Department of Computer Science King Khalid UniversityAbha61421Saudi Arabia

Algorithms for steganography are methods of hiding data transfers in media *** machine learning architectures have been presented recently to improve stego image identification performance by using spatial information,and these methods have made it feasible to handle a wide range of problems associated with image *** with little information or low payload are used by information embedding methods,but the goal of all contemporary research is to employ high-payload images for *** address the need for both low-and high-payload images,this work provides a machine-learning approach to steganography image classification that uses Curvelet transformation to efficiently extract characteristics from both type of *** Vector Machine(SVM),a commonplace classification technique,has been employed to determine whether the image is a stego or *** Wavelet Obtained Weights(WOW),Spatial Universal Wavelet Relative Distortion(S-UNIWARD),Highly Undetectable Steganography(HUGO),and Minimizing the Power of Optimal Detector(MiPOD)steganography techniques are used in a variety of experimental scenarios to evaluate the performance of the *** WOW at several payloads,the proposed approach proves its classification accuracy of 98.60%.It exhibits its superiority over SOTA methods.

关键词： Curvelets fast fourier transformation support vector machine high pass filters steganography

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