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Efficient Image Captioning Based on Vision Transformer Models

computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第10期73卷 1483-1500页

作者： Samar Elbedwehy T.Medhat Taher Hamza Mohammed F.Alrahmawy Department of Data Science Faculty of Artificial IntelligenceKafrelsheikh UniversityEgypt Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringKafrelsheikh UniversityEgypt Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computer and Information ScienceMansouraEgypt

Image captioning is an emerging field in machine *** refers to the ability to automatically generate a syntactically and semantically meaningful sentence that describes the content of an *** captioning requires a complex machine learning process as it involves two sub models:a vision sub-model for extracting object features and a language sub-model that use the extracted features to generate meaningful ***-based vision transformers models have a great impact in vision field *** this paper,we studied the effect of using the vision transformers on the image captioning process by evaluating the use of four different vision transformer models for the vision sub-models of the image captioning The first vision transformers used is DINO(self-distillation with no labels).The second is PVT(Pyramid Vision Transformer)which is a vision transformer that is not using convolutional *** third is XCIT(cross-Covariance Image Transformer)which changes the operation in self-attention by focusing on feature dimension instead of token *** last one is SWIN(Shifted windows),it is a vision transformer which,unlike the other transformers,uses shifted-window in splitting the *** a deeper evaluation,the four mentioned vision transformers have been tested with their different versions and different configuration,we evaluate the use of DINO model with five different backbones,PVT with two versions:PVT_v1and PVT_v2,one model of XCIT,SWIN *** results show the high effectiveness of using SWIN-transformer within the proposed image captioning model with regard to the other models.

关键词： Image captioning sequence-to-sequence self-distillation transformer convolutional layer

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Blockchain-Enabled Private and Secure Task Allocation Framework 16

Blockchain-Enabled Private and Secure Task Allocation Framew...

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16th International Conference on COMmunication Systems and NETworkS, COMSNETS 2024

作者： Orang, Ayda Valinezhad Dorri, Ali Gaspers, Serge Ruj, Sushmita School of Computer Science and Engineering Unsw Sydney Australia Data61 Csiro Australia School of Computer Science Queensland University of Technology Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350383119

In the realm of wireless communications and task allocations, where agents need to travel to perform tasks, a new challenge has emerged. This challenge involves efficiently distributing tasks among agents while considering their preferences and priorities. Unfortunately, many existing solutions rely on centralized systems, making them susceptible to various vulnerabilities, including privacy concerns and security threats. To address these issues, this paper introduces a novel solution named SEPP-TAP-a secure and privacy-preserving decentralized framework for multi-agent task allocation problems, harnessing the power of blockchain technology. SEPP-TAP not only protects agents' privacy and location information but also strengthens network security by mitigating threats like the Sybil attack and network flooding. Our approach employs innovative anonymization techniques to ensure that agents' identities remain concealed throughout successive task requests, breaking any associations between tasks performed by a particular agent. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： blockchain privacy security smart contract task allocation

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Model-based framework for exploiting sensors of IoT devices using a botnet: a case study with android

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Cyber-Physical Systems 2025年第1期11卷 1-46页

作者： Khaliq, Zubair Khan, Dawood Ashraf Baba, Asif Iqbal Ali, Shahbaz Farooq, Sheikh Umar Department of Computer Science University of Kashmir Jammu and Kashmir Srinagar India AI Thndr Dubai United Arab Emirates Department of Computer Science Tuskegee University TuskegeeAL United States Data Engineering hyke.ai Dubai United Arab Emirates

Botnets have become a severe security threat not only to the Internet but also to the devices connected to it. Factors like the exponential growth of IoT, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the ever-larger number of cybercriminals are incentivising the growth of botnets in this domain. The recent outbreak of botnets like Dark Nexus (derived from Qbot and Mirai), Mukashi, LeetHozer, Hoaxcalls, etc. shows the alarming rate at which this threat is converging. The botnets have attributes that make them an excellent platform for malicious activities in IoT devices used by organisations to safeguard the personal and confidential data of their customers, employees, and business partners. The IoT devices have built-in sensors or actuators that can be exploited to monitor or control the physical environment of the entities connected to them, thereby violating the fundamental concept of privacy-by-design of these devices. In this paper, we design and describe a modular botnet framework for IoT. The framework uses an enhanced centralised architecture associated with a novel ‘Domain Fluxing Technique’. The proposed framework will provide insights into how privacy in IoT devices can be incorporated at design time to check the sensors and actuators in these devices against malicious exploitation, consequently preserving privacy. © 2024 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

关键词： Internet of things

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Real-time distance field acceleration based free-viewpoint video synthesis for large sports fields

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Computational Visual Media 2024年第2期10卷 331-353页

作者： Yanran Dai Jing Li Yuqi Jiang Haidong Qin Bang Liang Shikuan Hong Haozhe Pan Tao Yang School of Telecommunications Engineering Xidian UniversityXi’an 710071China National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated AeroSpace-Ground-Ocean Big Data Application Technology SAIIPthe School of Computer ScienceNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710129China

Free-viewpoint video allows the user to view objects from any virtual perspective,creating an immersive visual *** technology enhances the interactivity and freedom of multimedia ***,many free-viewpoint video synthesis methods hardly satisfy the requirement to work in real time with high precision,particularly for sports fields having large areas and numerous moving *** address these issues,we propose a freeviewpoint video synthesis method based on distance field *** central idea is to fuse multiview distance field information and use it to adjust the search step size *** step size search is used in two ways:for fast estimation of multiobject three-dimensional surfaces,and synthetic view rendering based on global occlusion *** have implemented our ideas using parallel computing for interactive display,using CUDA and OpenGL frameworks,and have used real-world and simulated experimental datasets for *** results show that the proposed method can render free-viewpoint videos with multiple objects on large sports fields at 25 ***,the visual quality of our synthetic novel viewpoint images exceeds that of state-of-the-art neural-rendering-based methods.

关键词： free-viewpoint video view synthesis camera array distance field sports video

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Optimizing Coverage in Wireless Sensor Networks Using the Tumbleweed Algorithm

Journal of Network Intelligence

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Journal of Network Intelligence 2025年第1期10卷 250-261页

作者： Zhang, Mengfei Chu, Shu-Chuan Liu, Nengxian Huang, Kuan-Chun Pan, Jeng-Shyang College of Computer Science and Engineering Shandong University of Science and Technology Qingdao266590 China College of Computer and Data Science Fuzhou University Fuzhou350108 China Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering Chung Yuan Christian University Taoyuan320314 Taiwan School of Artificial Intelligence Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing210044 China Department of Information Management Chaoyang University of Technology Taichung41349 Taiwan

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have found extensive applications across various fields, significantly enhancing the convenience in our daily lives. Hence, an in-creasing number of researchers are directing their attention toward the performance of sensor nodes, with a particular emphasis on addressing the coverage challenges in WSNs. Node coverage plays a crucial role in determining the detection performance of WSNs, making it imperative to attain maximum coverage with a given number of sensor nodes. This paper applies the Tumbleweed Algorithm (TA) to the coverage problem in WSNs and validates its effectiveness through simulation experiments. The results demonstrate its unique advantages in global search and avoiding local optima, providing a new solution for the WSN coverage problem and offering valuable references for future research and practical applications. The TA algorithm simulates the lifecycle of tumbleweed from seedling to mature plant and includes the concept of growth cycles. This paper compares the TA algorithm with PSO, GWO, DE, BOA, SCA, and AOA, setting different numbers of wireless sensor nodes and varying sensing radii for the experiments. The experimental results show that the TA algorithm significantly improves coverage rates under various configurations and consistently outperforms other commonly used algorithms. © 2025, Taiwan Ubiquitous Information CO LTD. All rights reserved.

关键词： Sensor nodes

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dTEE: A Declarative Approach to Secure IoT Applications Using TrustZone 23

dTEE: A Declarative Approach to Secure IoT Applications Usin...

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23rd ACM/IEEE International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks, IPSN 2024

作者： Sun, Tong Li, Borui Teng, Yixiao Gao, Yi Dong, Wei Zhejiang University The State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security College of Computer Science China Southeast University School of Computer Science and Engineering China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350362015

Internet of Things (IoT) applications have recently been widely used in safety-critical scenarios. To prevent sensitive information leaks, IoT device vendors provide hardware-assisted protections, called Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs), like ARM Trust-Zone. Programming a TEE-based application requires separate code for two components, significantly slowing down the development process. Existing solutions tackle this issue by automatic code partition while not successfully applying it in two complicated scenarios: adding trusted logic and interactions with secure *** propose dTEE, a declarative approach to secure IoT applications based on TrustZone. dTEE proposes a rapid approach that enables developers to declare tiered-sensitive variables and functions of existing applications. Besides, dTEE automatically transforms device drivers into trusted ones. We evaluate dTEE on four real-world IoT applications and seven micro-benchmarks. Results show that dTEE achieves high expressiveness for supporting 50% more applications than existing approaches and reduces 90% of the lines of code against handcrafted development. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Internet of things

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Adversarial Machine Learning for Social Good: Reframing the Adversary as an Ally

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2024年第9期5卷 4322-4343页

作者： Al-Maliki, Shawqi Qayyum, Adnan Ali, Hassan Abdallah, Mohamed Qadir, Junaid Hoang, Dinh Thai Niyato, Dusit Al-Fuqaha, Ala Division College of Science and Engineering Doha34110 Qatar Information Technology University Lahore54000 Pakistan University of New South Wales Sydney Sydney2052 Australia Qatar University Department of Computer Science and Engineering College of Engineering Doha34110 Qatar University of Technology Sydney School of Electrical and Data Engineering Sydney2052 Australia Nanyang Technological University College of Computing and Data Science 639798 Singapore

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been the driving force behind many of the recent advances in machine learning. However, research has shown that DNNs are vulnerable to adversarial examples - input samples that have been perturbed to force DNN-based models to make errors. As a result, adversarial machine learning (AdvML) has gained a lot of attention, and researchers have investigated these vulnerabilities in various settings and modalities. In addition, DNNs have also been found to incorporate embedded bias and often produce unexplainable predictions, which can result in antisocial AI applications. The emergence of new AI technologies that leverage large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT and GPT-4, increases the risk of producing antisocial applications at scale. AdvML for social good (AdvML4G) is an emerging field that repurposes the AdvML bug to invent prosocial applications. Regulators, practitioners, and researchers should collaborate to encourage the development of prosocial applications and hinder the development of antisocial ones. In this work, we provide the first comprehensive review of the emerging field of AdvML4G. This paper encompasses a taxonomy that highlights the emergence of AdvML4G, a discussion of the differences and similarities between AdvML4G and AdvML, a taxonomy covering social good-related concepts and aspects, an exploration of the motivations behind the emergence of AdvML4G at the intersection of ML4G and AdvML, and an extensive summary of the works that utilize AdvML4G as an auxiliary tool for innovating prosocial applications. Finally, we elaborate upon various challenges and open research issues that require significant attention from the research community. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Taxonomies

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Internet of Brain, Thought, Thinking, and Creation

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2022年第6期31卷 1025-1042页

作者： ZHANG Zhimin YIN Rui NING Huansheng School of Computer and Communication Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing Engineering Research Center for Cyberspace Data Analysis and Applications

Thinking space came into being with the emergence of human civilization. With the emergence and development of cyberspace, the interaction between those two spaces began to take place. In the collision of thinking and technology, new changes have taken place in both thinking space and cyberspace. To this end, this paper divides the current integration and development of thinking space and cyberspace into three stages, namely Internet of brain(IoB), Internet of thought(IoTh), and Internet of thinking(IoTk). At each stage, the contents and technologies to achieve convergence and connection of spaces are discussed. Besides, the Internet of creation(IoC) is proposed to represent the future development of thinking space and cyberspace. Finally, a series of open issues are raised, and they will become thorny factors in the development of the Io C stage.

关键词： thinking space IoTk Internet of thinking IoTh Internet of thought cyberspace development Internet of Things Internet of brain cyber-physical systems IoB human civilization emergence

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An Artificial Neural Network-Based Model for Effective Software Development Effort Estimation

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computer Systems science & engineering 2023年第2期44卷 1309-1324页

作者： Junaid Rashid Sumera Kanwal Muhammad Wasif Nisar Jungeun Kim Amir Hussain Department of Computer Science and Engineering Kongju National UniversityCheonan31080Korea Department of Computer Science COMSATS University IslamabadWah CampusIslamabad47040Pakistan Centre of AI and Data Science Edinburgh Napier UniversityEdinburghEH114DYUK

In project management,effective cost estimation is one of the most cru-cial activities to efﬁciently manage resources by predicting the required cost to fulﬁll a given ***,ﬁnding the best estimation results in software devel-opment is ***,accurate estimation of software development efforts is always a concern for many *** this paper,we proposed a novel soft-ware development effort estimation model based both on constructive cost model II(COCOMO II)and the artiﬁcial neural network(ANN).An artiﬁcial neural net-work enhances the COCOMO model,and the value of the baseline effort constant A is calibrated to use it in the proposed model *** state-of-the-art publicly available datasets are used for *** backpropagation feed-forward procedure used a training set by iteratively processing and training a neural *** proposed model is tested on the test *** estimated effort is compared with the actual effort *** results show that the effort estimated by the proposed model is very close to the real effort,thus enhanced the reliability and improving the software effort estimation accuracy.

关键词： Software cost estimation neural network backpropagation forward neural networks software effort estimation artiﬁcial neural network

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Enhancing the blockchain interoperability through federated learning with directed acyclic graph

IET Blockchain

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IET Blockchain 2023年第4期3卷 238-248页

作者： Xia, Feng Kaiye, Li Songze, Wu yan, Xin Faculty of Data Science City University of Macau Avenida Padre Tomás Pereira China School of Computer Science and Communication Engineering Jiangsu Univestity Zhenjiang China

The use of federated learning to achieve blockchain interoperability has become a hot topic in research, because it enables data exchange without revealing any private information. However, the previous work, such as ScaleSFL (Asia-CCS, 2022), that has implemented federated learning for blockchain interoperability, the throughput of the framework still cannot support the practical applications. Therefore, a federated learning framework based on Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) is proposed which utilizes sharding mechanism to enhance the blockchain interoperability. By constructing a weighted context graph based on data correlation, reasonable sharding of the dataset is achieved, thereby improving the efficiency of blockchain interoperability. The experimental results show that the federated framework reduces global computation in federated learning by 30% compared with other schemes, while increasing blockchain throughput by nearly 40%. © 2023 The Authors. IET Blockchain published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Institution of engineering and Technology.

关键词： Blockchain

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