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Threshold-Based Approach for Disaster Mapping Using Long-Term Multispectral Image Series

Transactions in GIS 2025年第3期29卷

作者： Larissa Mioni Vieira Alves Rogério Galante Negri Maurcio Araújo Dias Institute of Science and Technology São Paulo State University (UNESP) São José dos Campos Brazil Graduate Program in Natural Disasters São Paulo State University (UNESP) Brazilian Center for Early Warning and Monitoring for Natural Disasters (CEMADEN) São José dos Campos Brazil School of Sciences and Technology São Paulo State University (UNESP) Presidente Prudente Brazil

Change detection is a type of technique applied to remotely sensed data to map temporal changes. This approach serves as a vital tool for assessing the impacts of disasters, offering large-scale data acquisition at a lower cost. This study introduces a novel fully automatic and computationally efficient change detection technique designed for large multispectral remote sensing image series. The proposed method exploits the concept of thresholding deviations observed in time series data. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique, case studies were conducted on two disaster-affected areas in 2023: one in Brazil, impacted by a landslide, and the other in Mozambique, affected by flooding, using data from Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2, respectively. The results showed superior accuracy compared to an alternative technique reported in the literature, with F1-Scores of 22.09% and 0.28% higher in the first and second study areas, respectively. Additionally, qualitative analyses revealed that the developed method more effectively identifies disaster-affected areas, requiring significantly less processing time than the alternative method.

关键词： change detection disaster multispectral time series unsupervised

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On the relationship between orbital moment anisotropy, magnetocrystalline anisotropy, and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in W/Co/Pt trilayers

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Chi, Zhendong Lau, Yong-Chang Li Zhang, Vanessa Shibata, Goro Sakamoto, Shoya Nonaka, Yosuke Ikeda, Keisuke Wan, Yuxuan Suzuki, Masahiro Kawaguchi, Masashi Suzuki-Sakamaki, Masako Amemiya, Kenta Kawamura, Naomi Mizumaki, Masaichiro Suzuki, Motohiro Yang, Hyunsoo Hayashi, Masamitsu Fujimori, Atsushi Department of Physics The University of Tokyo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo113-0033 Japan National Institute for Materials Science Ibaraki Tsukuba305-0047 Japan School of Physics and Technology Wuhan University Wuhan430072 China Materials Sciences Research Center Japan Atomic Energy Agency Hyogo Sayo679-5148 Japan Institute for Solid State Physics The University of Tokyo Chiba Kashiwa277-8581 Japan Institute of Materials Structure Science High Energy Accelerator Research Organization Ibaraki Tsukuba305-0801 Japan Graduate School of Science and Technology Gunma University Gunma Kiryu376-8515 Japan Sayo679-5198 Japan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore117576 Singapore Department of Physics Center for Quantum Science and Technology National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan

We have studied the Co layer thickness dependences of magnetocrystalline anisotropy (MCA), Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI), and orbital moment anisotropy (OMA) in W/Co/Pt trilayers, in order to clarify their correlations with each other. We find that the MCA favors magnetization along the film normal and monotonically increases with decreasing effective magnetic layer thickness (teff). The magnitude of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya exchange constant (|D|) increases with decreasing teff until teff ∼1 nm, below which |D| decreases. The MCA and |D| scale with 1/teff for teff larger than ∼1 nm, indicating an interfacial origin. The increase of MCA with decreasing teff continues below teff ∼ 1 nm, but with a slower rate. To clarify the cause of the teff dependences of MCA and DMI, the OMA of Co in W/Co/Pt trilayers is studied using x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). We find non-zero OMA when teff is smaller than ∼0.8 nm. The OMA increases with decreasing teff more rapidly than what is expected from the MCA, indicating that factors other than OMA contribute to the MCA at small teff. The teff dependence of the OMA also suggests that |D| at teff smaller than ∼1 nm is not related to the OMA at the interface. We propose that the growth of Co on W results in a strain and/or texture that reduces the interfacial DMI, and, to some extent, MCA at small teff © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Magnetocrystalline anisotropy

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Diversification of the Carbodicarbene Class by Embedding an Anionic Component in its Scaffold

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Chemistry - A European Journal 2023年第71期29卷 e202302886页

作者： Yu, Cheng-Han Au-Yeung, Ka-Chun Liu, Ruiqin Lee, Chao-Hsien Jiang, Dandan Semagne Aweke, Bamlaku Wu, Chia-Hung Wang, Yu-Jou Wang, Ting-Hsuan Voon Kong, Kien Yap, Glenn P. A. Chen, Wen-Ching Frenking, Gernot Zhao, Lili Ong, Tiow-Gan Institute of chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei115201 Taiwan School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Strasse MarburgD-35043 Germany Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Delaware NewarkDE United States Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Department of Applied Chemistry National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan Corporate R&D Center LCY Chemical Corporation Kaohsiung Taiwan Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan

Carbodicarbene (CDC) has become an emerging ligand in many fields due to its strong σ-donating ability. 2- moiety within the framework to leverage the electronic feature of carbon carbone. The elucidation of X-ray crystal structures, ligand competition as well as transmetallation experiments suggest that the anionic moiety has enhanced the overall donor strength of the traditional neutral CDC. Importantly, this anionic scaffold exhibits a facile second coordination toward Au(I), Ag(I) and Pd(II) without any external ligand assistance, whereas previously reported neutral pincer CDC complexes do not possess a two-fold donor capacity. The analysis of the bonding situation via theoretical methods shows that the description of the anionic CDC moieties in terms of dative bonding is preferred over the model of delocalized positive charge, as it accounts for the two-fold donor ability of the divalent carbon atom, preserving a characteristic feature of a carbone. © 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Scaffolds

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Error, injustice, and physician wellbeing

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The Lancet 2021年第10277期397卷 872-873页

作者： Sabroe, Ian Mather, Sally Wilson, Amy Hall-Flavin, Daniel K Fricker, Miranda Barron, Lauren A Millard, Chris Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Royal Hallamshire Hospital Sheffield S10 2JF United Kingdom School of Health and Related Research Faculty of Medicine University of Sheffield Sheffield United Kingdom Medical School University of Sheffield Sheffield United Kingdom Department of History University of Sheffield Sheffield United Kingdom Centre for the History of Science Technology and Medicine University of Manchester Manchester United Kingdom Department of Psychiatry and Psychology and Dolores Jean Lavins Center for the Humanities in Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester MN United States Department of Philosophy The Graduate Center City University of New York New York NY United States Medical Humanities Program College of Arts and Sciences Baylor University Waco TX United States

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Constructing a Large-scale Landslide Database Across Heterogeneous Environments Using Task-Specific Model Updates

TechRxiv

引用

TechRxiv 2021年

作者： Nagendra, Savinay Kifer, Daniel Mirus, Benjamin Pei, Te Lawson, Kathryn Manjunatha, Srikanth Banagere Li, Weixin Nguyen, Hien Qiu, Tong Tran, Sarah Shen, Chaopeng Computer Science and Engineering Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA United States Civil and Environmental Engineering Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA United States U.S. Geological Survey Landslide Hazards Program GoldenCO United States School of Science Engineering and Technology Pennsylvania State University Harrisburg HarrisburgPA United States Google Inc. Mountain ViewCA United States

Preparation and mitigation efforts for widespread landslide hazards can be aided by a large-scale, well-labeled landslide inventory with high location accuracy. Recent small-scale studies for pixel-wise labeling of potential landslide areas in remotely-sensed images using deep learning (DL) showed potential but were based on data from very small, homogeneous regions with unproven model transferability. In this paper we consider a more realistic and practical setting for large-scale heterogeneous landslide data collection and DL-based labeling. In this setting, remotely sensed images are collected sequentially in temporal batches, where each batch focuses on images from a particular ecoregion, but different batches can focus on different ecoregions with distinct landscape characteristics. For such a scenario, we study the following questions: (1) How well do DL models trained in homogeneous regions perform when they are transferred to different ecoregions, (2) Does increasing the spatial coverage in the data improve model performance in a given ecoregion (even when the extra data do not come from the ecoregion), and (3) Can a landslide pixel labeling model be incrementally updated with new data, but without access to the old data and without losing performance on the old data (so that researchers can share models obtained from proprietary datasets)? We address these questions by extending the Learning without Forgetting framework, which is used for incremental training of image classification models, to the setting of incremental training of semantic segmentation models (e.g., identifying all landslide pixels in an image). We call the resulting extension Task-Specific Model Updates (TSMU). The goal of this framework is to continually update a (landslide) semantic segmentation model with data from new ecoregions without having to revisit data from old ecoregions and without losing performance on them. Using the TSMU framework, we conduct extensive experiments on four

关键词： Landslides

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Scalable metagrating for efficient ultrasonic focusing

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Chiang, K. Quan, L. Peng, Y. Sepehrirahnama, S. Oberst, S. Alù, A. Powell, D. School of Engineering and Information Technology University of New South Wales ACT Australia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Texas at Austin AustinTX United States Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York United States Centre for Audio Acoustics and Vibration University of Technology Sydney Australia Graduate Center City University of New York United States

Acoustic focusing plays a pivotal role in a wide variety of applications ranging from medical science to nondestructive testing. Previous works have shown that acoustic metagratings can overcome the inherent efficiency limitations of gradient metasurfaces in beam steering. In this work, we propose a new design principle for acoustic metalenses, based on metagratings, to achieve efficient ultrasonic focusing. We achieve beam focusing by locally controlling the excitation of a single diffraction order with the use of adiabatically varying metagratings over the lens aperture. A set of metagratings is optimized by a semi-analytical approach using a genetic algorithm, enabling efficient anomalous reflection for a wide range of reflection angles. Numerical results reveal that our metalens can effectively focus impinging ultrasonic waves to a focal point of FWHM = 0.364λ. The focusing performance of the metalens is demonstrated experimentally, validating our proposed approach. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Focusing

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Adsorption Mechanisms of Ethanol, Propanal, Butanone, and Benzene on the Monolayer WS₂ Surface: Insights from non-local van der Waals Density Functional Theory

引用

Surfaces and Interfaces 2025年

作者： Quang Huy Tran Thi Theu Luong Thi Hai Yen Nguyen Thi Nhan Tran Viet Bac T. Phung Van An Dinh Faculty of Physics Hanoi Pedagogical University 2 Hanoi Vietnam Hoa Binh University Hanoi Vietnam Center for Theoretical Physics Institute of Physics Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology Hanoi Vietnam Faculty of Fundamental Sciences Hanoi University of Industry Hanoi Vietnam Center for Environmental Intelligence and College of Engineering & Computer Science VinUniversity Hanoi 100000 Vietnam Department of Precision Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan

This study examines the adsorption mechanisms of ethanol, propanal, butanone, and benzene, which represent four typical functional groups-alcohol, aldehyde, ketone, and aromatic-on the monolayer WS 2 surface using the non-local van der Waals density functional theory. The results indicate that all four gases exhibit physical adsorption on the WS₂ surface. The adsorption is primarily governed by van der Waals interactions between the gas molecules and the WS₂ substrate. Among the studied gases, butanone demonstrates the highest charge transfer (0.36 e) due to the strong polarity of the ketone functional group (-C=O). This significant charge transfer not only enhances the interaction between the gas and the WS₂ substrate but also improves the sensor's sensitivity by inducing pronounced changes in the electronic properties of WS₂. Benzene, an aromatic compound, exhibits the highest adsorption energy (637 meV), reflecting the strong π-π interactions between its aromatic ring and the WS₂ surface. This makes benzene the most stable adsorbate among the gases studied, highlighting its potential for detecting aromatic compounds in sensor applications. The results could provide new prospects for the use of WS 2 in high-performance sensing devices.

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Enhancing the Harrow-Hassidim-Lloyd (HHL) algorithm in systems with large condition numbers

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Tsemo, Peniel Bertrand Jayashankar, Akshaya Sugisaki, K. Baskaran, Nishanth Chakraborty, Sayan Prasannaa, V.S. Centre for Quantum Engineering Research and Education TCG CREST Sector V Salt Lake Kolkata700091 India Graduate School of Science and Technology Keio University 7-1 Shinkawasaki Saiwai-ku Kanagawa Kawasaki212-0032 Japan Quantum Computing Center Keio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi Kohoku-ku Kanagawa Yokohama223-8522 Japan Keio University 2-15-45 Mita Minato-ku Tokyo108-8345 Japan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of British Columbia VancouverBCV6T 1Z4 Canada Institute for Advancing Intelligence TCG CREST Sector V Salt Lake Kolkata700091 India Ghaziabad201002 India

Although the Harrow-Hassidim-Lloyd (HHL) algorithm offers an exponential speedup in system size for treating linear equations of the form A→x =⃗b on quantum computers when compared to their traditional counterparts, it faces a challenge related to the condition number (κ) scaling of the A matrix. In this work, we address the issue by introducing the post-selection-improved HHL (Psi-HHL) approach that involves a simple yet effective modification of the HHL algorithm to extract a feature of |x〉, and which leads to achieving optimal behaviour in κ (linear scaling) for large condition number situations. This has the important practical implication of having to use substantially fewer shots relative to the traditional HHL algorithm. Additionally, we discuss the capability of Psi-HHL to address the cases where A is singular. We carry out two sets of simulations, where we go up to 26-qubit calculations, to demonstrate the ability of Psi-HHL to handle situations involving large κ matrices via: (a) a set of toy matrices, for which we go up to size 64 × 64 and κ values of up to ≈ 1 million, and (b) application to quantum chemistry, where we consider matrices up to size 256 × 256 that reach κ of about 393. The molecular systems that we consider are Li2, KH, RbH, and CsH. Although the feature of |x〉 considered in our examples is an overlap between the input and output states of the HHL algorithm, our approach is general and can be applied in principle to any transition matrix element involving |x〉. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Quantum computers

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Optical Thouless pumping transport and nonlinear switching in a topological low-dimensional discrete nematic liquid crystal array

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Physical Review A 2022年第1期105卷 013513-013513页

作者： Pawel S. Jung Midya Parto Georgios G. Pyrialakos Hadiseh Nasari Katarzyna Rutkowska Marek Trippenbach Mercedeh Khajavikhan Wieslaw Krolikowski Demetrios N. Christodoulides CREOL The College of Optics and Photonics University of Central Florida Orlando Florida 32816 USA Faculty of Physics Warsaw University of Technology Warsaw Poland Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Southern California Los Angeles California 90089 USA Faculty of Physics University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland Department of Physics & Astronomy Dornsife College of Letters Arts & Sciences University of Southern California Los Angeles California 90089 USA Laser Physics Centre Research School of Physics Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200 Australia Science Program Texas A&M University at Qatar Doha Qatar

We theoretically investigate a Thouless pumping scheme in the one-dimensional topological Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model for single and multiple band-gap systems when implemented in a discrete nematic liquid crystal arrangement. For an electrically controlled SSH waveguide array, we numerically demonstrate edge-to-edge light transport at low power levels. On the other hand, at higher powers, the transport is frustrated by light-induced nonlinear defect states, giving rise to robust all-optical switching.

关键词： Optical solitons Topological insulators Liquid crystals Topological materials

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Standing Assistance Control based on Voluntary Body Movement within Safety Tolerance

Standing Assistance Control based on Voluntary Body Movement...

引用

International Workshop on Advanced Motion Control (AMC)

作者： Daisuke Chugo Masahiro Yokota Satoshi Muramatsu Sho Yokota Jin-Hua She Hiroshi Hashimoto Takahiro Katayama Yasuhide Mizuta Atsushi Koujina Graduate School of Science and Technology Kwansei Gakuin University Sanda Hyogo Japan School of Science and Information and Telecommunication Engineering Tokai University Hiratsuka Kanagawa Japan Faculty of Science and Engineering Toyo University Kawagoe Saitama Japan School of Engineering Tokyo University of Technology Hachioji Tokyo Japan Master Program of Innovation for Design and Engineering Advanced Institute of Industrial Technology Shinagawa Tokyo Japan Service Robot Division RT.WORKS CO. LTD Osaka Japan

ISBN: (数字)9781728131894

ISBN: (纸本)9781728131900

This paper proposes a novel standing assistance robot, which considers the posture tolerance of its user. In previous studies, conventional assistive robots did not require patients to use their own physical strength to stand, which leads to decreased strength in the elderly. Therefore, an assistive robot that allows patients to maximally use the physical strength they possess is required. To realize this objective, it is important that a robot assists patients according to their body movement and by their intentions. However, in previous studies, general assistive robots helped patients by using a fixed motion reference pathway in spite of their original intention, and as a result, these robots failed to use the physical strength of the patients. In our previous study, we investigated the posture tolerance during a standing motion. In this tolerance, patients could stand by own muscle strength with stable posture. Thus, as the next step, this paper proposes assistance force control scheme which considers the investigated posture tolerance. Our robot generated assistance force, which lead the voluntary movement with their remaining physical strength within investigated range, by combining position control and force control. A prototype assistive robot, based on the proposed idea was fabricated to help patients stand up safely using the maximum of their remaining physical strength.

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