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arXiv 2024年

作者： Matelsky, Jordan K. Ungar, Lyle Kording, Konrad P. Department of Bioengineering University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA United States Research & Exploratory Development Department Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory LaurelMD United States Department of Computer and Information Science University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA United States Department of Bioengineering Department of Neuroscience University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA United States CIFAR LMB Program Canada

Understanding the process of learning in neural networks is crucial for improving their performance and interpreting their behavior. This can be approximately understood by asking how a model's output is influenced when we fine-tune on a new training sample. There are desiderata for such influences, such as decreasing influence with semantic distance, sparseness, noise invariance, transitive causality, and logical consistency. Here we use the empirical influence measured using fine-tuning to demonstrate how individual training samples affect outputs. We show that these desiderata are violated for both for simple convolutional networks and for a modern LLM. We also illustrate how prompting can partially rescue this failure. Our paper presents an efficient and practical way of quantifying how well neural networks learn from fine-tuning stimuli. Our results suggest that popular models cannot generalize or perform logic in the way they appear to. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Sampling

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Effects of Incident Angle on Single-Event Leakage Current Degradation in Heavy-Ion Irradiated 1800 v and 4500 v SiC Power MOSFETs

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IEEE Transactions on Nuclear science 2025年

作者： Sengupta, A. Martinella, C. Ball, D.R. Niskanen, K. Senarath, A.S. Islam, S. Harris, P.M. Hutson, J.M. Osheroff, J.M. Sternberg, A.L. Kettunen, H. Kosier, S.L. Grossner, U. Javanainen, A. Galloway, K.F. Schrimpf, R.D. Witulski, A.F. Zürich8092 Switzerland Vanderbilt University Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program NashvilleTN37235 United States Lipscomb University Electrical and Computer Engineering Department NashvilleTN37204 United States NASA/GSFC Code 561.4 GreenbeltMD20771 United States Vanderbilt University Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department B 351825 NashvilleTN37235 United States University of Jyväskylä Department of Physics Jyväskylä40014 Finland

Experimental heavy-ion responses of two variants of SiC power MOSFETs are evaluated. The devices have similar epitaxial thickness but different doping. The higher doping in the epitaxial region results in lower breakdown voltage, and typically leads to a lower threshold drain voltage at which single-event leakage current (SELC) occurs. Furthermore, the heavy-ion-induced SELC degradation in the drain and gate currents of the SiC MOSFETs exhibit a strong dependence on the heavy-ion's angle of incidence. The devices' behavior significantly alters when irradiated with heavy-ions at different incident angles under the same fixed bias and total fluence, as also confirmed by 3-D Technology computer Aided Design (TCAD) simulations. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Power MOSFET

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Cooperation and Competition in Synchronous Open Quantum Systems

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Physical Review Letters 2023年第3期131卷 030401-030401页

作者： Taufiq Murtadho Sai Vinjanampathy Juzar Thingna Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34126 Republic of Korea Basic Science Program Korea University of Science and Technology Daejeon 34113 Republic of Korea School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 637371 Singapore Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India Centre of Excellence in Quantum Information Computation Science and Technology Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India Centre for Quantum Technologies National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 2 Singapore Singapore Department of Physics and Applied Physics University of Massachusetts Lowell Massachusetts 01854 USA

Synchronization between limit cycle oscillators can arise through entrainment to an external drive or through mutual coupling. The interplay between the two mechanisms has been studied in classical synchronizing systems, but not in quantum systems. Here, we point out that competition and cooperation between the two mechanisms can occur due to phase pulling and phase repulsion in quantum systems. We study their interplay in collectively driven degenerate quantum thermal machines and show that these mechanisms either cooperate or compete depending on the working mode of the machine (refrigerator or engine). The entrainment-mutual synchronization interplay persists with an increase in the number of degenerate levels, while in the thermodynamic limit of degeneracy, mutual synchronization dominates. Overall, our work investigates the effect of degeneracy and multilevel scaling of quantum synchronization and shows how different synchronizing mechanisms can cooperate and compete in quantum systems.

关键词： Masers Open quantum systems & decoherence Quantum statistical mechanics Synchronization Quantum heat engines & refrigerators

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Engineering dimensionality of collective dipole-dipole interactions using a nanophotonic environment

Engineering dimensionality of collective dipole-dipole inter...

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Ashwin K. Boddeti Yi Wang Xitlali Juarez Alexandra Boltasseva Hadiseh Alaeian Teri W. Odom Zubin Jacob Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA Graduate Program in Applied Physics Northwestern University Evanston IL USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA Department of Chemistry and Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA

We experimentally demonstrate reduced dimensionality in a interacting ensemble of emitters. The well-known stretched exponential decay dynamics, I(t)/I 0 = exp(−γ D t)exp(−αt β ) with β = 0.5 in 3D geometries, is... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171258

关键词： Energy transfer Fluorescence Molecules Spontaneous emission Titanium dioxide

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Topological Rigidity and Non-Abelian defect junctions in chiral nematic systems with effective biaxial symmetry

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Wu, Jin-Sheng Valenzuela, Roberto Abril Bowick, Mark J. Smalyukh, Ivan I. Department of Physics and Chemical Physics Program University of Colorado Boulder United States Department of Physics University of California Santa Barbara United States Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics University of California Santa Barbara United States French American Center for Theoretical Science CNRS KITP Santa Barbara United States International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter Japan Department of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering Materials Science and Engineering Program and Soft Materials Research Center University of Colorado Boulder United States Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute National Renewable Energy Laboratory University of Colorado Boulder United States

We study topologically stable defect structures in systems where the defect line classification in three dimensions and associated algebra of interactions (the fundamental group) are governed by the non-Abelian 8-element group, the quaternions Q8. The non-Abelian character of the defect algebra leads to a topological rigidity of bound defect pairs, and trivalent junctions which are the building blocks of multi-junction trivalent networks. We realize such structures laboratory chiral nematics and analyze their behavior analytically, along with numerical modeling © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Rigidity

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Tailoring the plasmonic properties of complex transition metal nitrides: A theoretical and experimental approach

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applied Surface science 2023年 641卷

作者： Usman Javed, M. Yang, Jing-Wei Kumari, Shweta Mustaqeem, Mujahid Peng, Tze-Yu Chung Yang, Li Lu, Yu-Jung Kaun, Chao-Cheng Department of Physics National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Research Center for Applied Sciences Academia Sinica Taipei11529 Taiwan Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Nano Science and Technology Program TIGP Academia Sinica Taipei11529 Taiwan

Transition metal nitrides (TMNs) are promising materials for developing next-generation photonic devices. A practical way toward high-performance TMNs is to tune their plasmonic properties through different compositions. Here, we investigate the electronic structures and optical properties of TMNs (Ti1-xZrxN and Ti1-xHfxN, x = 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1) computationally and experimentally. Our calculated dielectric permittivities and quality factors suggest that the overall performance of TMNs is well-tuned by their compositions, supported by our measured data obtained from the 50-nm thick TMN films deposited on sapphire (0001). Particularly, at the dielectric-metallic interface, Ti0.25Hf0.75N (ENZ of 401 nm) and Ti0.50Zr0.50N (ENZ of 406 nm) show a better dielectric response than the binary TMNs. Ti0.50Hf0.50N (ENZ of 457 nm) holds promise for applications requiring efficient energy absorption and enhanced wave manipulation in the near-infrared range. Using mixed ternary TMNs to tune plasmonic properties in the visible and near-infrared regions can thus achieve frequency-targeting photonics applications. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Optical properties

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Controlling Privacy Loss in Sampling Schemes: An Analysis of Stratified and Cluster Sampling 3

Controlling Privacy Loss in Sampling Schemes: An Analysis of...

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3rd Symposium on Foundations of Responsible Computing, FORC 2022

作者： Bun, Mark Drechsler, Jörg Gaboardi, Marco McMillan, Audra Sarathy, Jayshree Department of Computer Science Boston University MA United States Institute for Employment Research Nürnberg Germany Joint Program in Survey Methodology University of Maryland College ParkMD United States Apple CupertinoCA United States Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences BostonMA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783959772266

Sampling schemes are fundamental tools in statistics, survey design, and algorithm design. A fundamental result in differential privacy is that a differentially private mechanism run on a simple random sample of a population provides stronger privacy guarantees than the same algorithm run on the entire population. However, in practice, sampling designs are often more complex than the simple, data-independent sampling schemes that are addressed in prior work. In this work, we extend the study of privacy amplification results to more complex, data-dependent sampling schemes. We find that not only do these sampling schemes often fail to amplify privacy, they can actually result in privacy degradation. We analyze the privacy implications of the pervasive cluster sampling and stratified sampling paradigms, as well as provide some insight into the study of more general sampling designs. © Mark Bun, Jörg Drechsler, Marco Gaboardi, Audra McMillan, and Jayshree Sarathy.

关键词： Surveys

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Structural, magnetic, and electronic properties of a GdAsSe single crystal: Experimental and theoretical studies

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Physical Review B 2024年第18期109卷 184420-184420页

作者： R. Kalaivanan Balaji Venkatesan B. Dundi Sri Chandana Rajesh Kumar Ulaganathan G. Senthil Murugan K. Moovendaran Joydev Khatua Li-Hsin Su W. Zhou Xiaofeng Xu Chia-Seng Chang Tien-Ming Chuang Yoshiyuki Iizuka I. Panneer Muthuselvam Horng-Tay Jeng Kwang-Yong Choi Raman Sankar Institute of Physics Academia Sinica Taipei 10617 Taiwan Department of Physics National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan Nano Science and Technology Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica and National Taiwan University Taipei 11529 Taiwan Department of Physics School of Basic and Applied Sciences Central University of Tamil Nadu Neelakudi Thiruvarur 610005 Tamil Nadu India Department of Physics Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea Department of Physics National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan Department of Electro Physics National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 300093 Taiwan School of Electronic and Information Engineering Changshu Institute of Technology Changshu 215500 China Department of Applied Physics Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310023 China Institute of Earth Sciences Academia Sinica Taipei 10617 Taiwan Department of Physics (MMV) Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 Uttar Pradesh India Physics Division National Center for Theoretical Sciences Taipei 10617 Taiwan

We report high-quality single-crystal growth, x-ray diffraction, magnetic susceptibility [χ(T,H)], magnetization [M(H)], heat capacity [CP(T,H)], electrical resistivity [ρ(T,H)], and electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements of GdAsSe as functions of temperature and magnetic field. We identify an antiferromagnetic phase transition at TN∼11.9±0.2 K and construct magnetic phase diagrams for H||ab and H||c axes based on the χ(T,H) and CP(T,H) data. Isothermal M(H) curves along the H||ab direction at 3 K exhibit a field-induced spin orientation at HC∼3.78T. Both M(H) and χ(T,H) indicate an easy-plane-type anisotropy. The Curie-Weiss analysis of the high-temperature paramagnetic χ(T) yields a negative Weiss temperature, suggesting dominant antiferromagnetic interactions between the Gd ions. Magnetic entropy reaches 83% of R ln8 at TN. The presence of residual entropy above TN and the persistence of ESR critical broadening up to ∼3TN alludes to a degree of magnetic frustration in the studied material. The ρ(T) data above TN is well fitted to the Bloch-Grüneisen theory for metals. Further, density functional theory calculations reveal an antiferromagnetic ground state where the Gd atoms are coupled ferromagnetically in the ab plane and antiferromagnetically along the c axis.

关键词： Magnetic anisotropy Magnetic coupling Magnetic interactions Magnetic order Magnetism

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Quantifying Efficiency of Remote Excitation for Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy in Molecular Junctions

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Liao, Shusen Zhu, Yunxuan Ye, Qian Sanders, Stephen Yang, Jiawei Alabastri, Alessandro Natelson, Douglas Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is enabled by local surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) in metallic nanogaps. When SERS is excited by direct illumination of the nanogap, the background heating of lattice and electrons can prevent further manipulation of the molecules. To overcome this issue, we report SERS in electromigrated gold molecular junctions excited remotely: surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are excited at nearby gratings, propagate to the junction, and couple to the local nanogap plasmon modes. Like direct excitation, remote excitation of the nanogap can generate both SERS emission and an open-circuit photovoltage (OCPV). We compare SERS intensity and OCPV in both direct and remote illumination configurations. SERS spectra obtained by remote excitation are much more stable than those obtained through direct excitation when photon count rates are comparable. By statistical analysis of 33 devices, coupling efficiency of remote excitation is calculated to be around 10%, consistent with the simulated energy flow. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Raman spectroscopy

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Relative magnetic field and slipping effect on Casson dusty fluid of two phase fluctuating flow over inclined parallel plate

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South African Journal of Chemical Engineering 2023年 44卷 135-146页

作者： khan, Dolat Kumam, Poom Kumam, Wiyada Suttiarporn, Panawan Rehman, Ali Fixed Point Research Laboratory Fixed Point Theory and Applications Research Group Center of Excellence in Theoretical and Computational Science (TaCS-CoE) Faculty of Science King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT) 126 Pracha Uthit Rd. Bang Mod Bangkok Thung Khru 10140 Thailand Center of Excellence in Theoretical and Computational Science (TaCS-CoE) Faculty of Science King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT) 126 Pracha Uthit Rd. Bang Mod Bangkok Thung Khru 10140 Thailand Applied Mathematics for Science and Engineering Research Unit (AMSERU) Program in Applied Statistics Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Faculty of Science and Technology Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT) Pathum Thani 12110 Thailand Faculty of Science Energy and Environment King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok Rayong Campus Rayong 21120 Thailand Special Interest Group for Modelling and Data Analytics Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Terengganu Kuala Nerus 21030 Malaysia

Due to its significant applications in magnetic devices for cell separation, magnetic drugs for cancer tumor treatment, blood flow adjustment during surgery, magnetic endoscopy, and fluid pumping in industrial and engineering processes, magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) has a wide range of applications. Therefore, the aim of this study to investigate the Relative Magnetic Field and slipping effect on Casson dusty fluid of two-phase fluctuating flow over inclined parallel plate. More exactly, the relative magnetic phenomena are fixed relatively to the plate (MFFRP) or fixed relatively to the fluid (MFFRF). The mathematical modeling was established as the set of partial differential equations for dusty Casson fluid. Buckingham's pi theorem is used to find out the dimensionless variables, to make our system dimensionless. The solution in perturb form is to find out by incorporating Poincare–Lighthill perturbation technique (PLPT). To know in-depth different parameters the graphical results for both velocities are plotted with the help of software Mathcad- 15. It is clearly detected that the relative magnetic field performs a vital part in the fluid as well as particle motion. Moreover, the relative magnetic field play a vital role in the decreasing of skin friction of both plates. © 2023

关键词： Brinkman fluid Dust particles Fluctuating vertical plate Inclined relative magnetic field PLPT

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