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2nd International Annual Meeting on STEM Education, IAMSTEM 2019

作者： Gamale, Janne Noelle L. Acut, Dharel P. Niere, Karla Marie Frances P. Silagan, Gwen Stephany S. Curaraton, Ethel P. Latonio, Guadalupe C. Latonio, Rhett Anthony C. Magsayo, Joy R. High School Department Sotero B. Cabahug Forum for Literacy Consolacion Cebu6001 Philippines Applied Physics Program National Institute of Physics College of Science University of the Philippines - Diliman Roxas Ave. Diliman Quezon City1101 Philippines Science Education Program Graduate School College of Teacher Education Cebu Normal University Osmeña Blvd. Cebu City Cebu6000 Philippines Department of Science and Mathematics Education College of Education Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology Iligan City9200 Philippines

A hurdle to effective science education in schools is often the lack of teaching materials. Teaching science education in the 21st century requires direct visualization and manipulation with effective use and implementation for meaningful learning to occur, thus, unleashing students' potential towards the lesson, boosting their engagement in learning, and applying the knowledge into skills. This study was carried out to develop a do-it-yourself gel electrophoresis apparatus. This study was conducted in Cebu Normal University, Philippines with nineteen (19) teachers from the Methods of Teaching science and Instructional Trends and Issues Class who evaluated the apparatus in terms of usability and functionality. The respondents tested the Gel Electrophoresis apparatus by conducting the experiment and they evaluated the apparatus' functionality and usability by using an evaluation sheet which is composed of eleven (11) usability questions, four (4) functionality questions. Suggestions were also asked to improve the said apparatus. After gathering data, the suggestions made by the respondents were incorporated which resulted to the improved D.I.Y. Gel Electrophoresis Apparatus. A manual with the procedures was also designed to further guide students and teachers on how to build the apparatus. With the findings and results obtained in the study, the respondents recommended the usage of the developed do-it-yourself gel electrophoresis apparatus in their respective classes and agreed that it is a good source of learning the concept of gel electrophoresis as a 21st century biological technique. The apparatus was easy to set-up and is of low-cost. During experimentation, the apparatus yielded with a positive result - the separation of food dyes which follows the principle of gel electrophoresis. Moreover, the experiment encourages creativity and it helps with the understanding of the nature of DNA and the concept of gel electrophoresis as a 21st century biological skills. ©

关键词： Students

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Spin scattering and Hall effects in monolayer Fe3GeTe2

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Physical Review B 2023年第13期108卷 134425-134425页

作者： Luyan Yu Jie-Xiang Yu Jiadong Zang Roger K. Lake Houlong Zhuang Gen Yin Department of Physics University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78712 USA Department of Physics University of Florida Gainesville Florida 32611 USA Department of Physics and Materials Science Program University of New Hampshire Durham New Hampshire 03824 USA Laboratory for Terahertz and Terascale Electronics (LATTE) Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California at Riverside Riverside California 92521 USA Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Arizona State University Tempe Arizona 85287 USA Department of Physics Georgetown University Washington DC 20057 USA

We theoretically show that the carrier transport in a monolayer Fe3GeTe2 experiences a transition between anomalous and spin Hall effects when the spin polarization of disorders switches between out-of-plane and in-plane. These Hall effects are allowed when the magnetization is polarized in-plane, breaking the C3 rotation symmetry. The transition originates from the selection rule of spin scattering, the strong spin-orbit coupling, and the van Hove singularities near the Fermi surface. The scattering selection rule tolerates the sign change of the disorder spin, which provides a convenient method to detect the switching of antiferromagnetic insulators regardless of the interfacial roughness in a heterostructure. This provides a convenient platform for the study of 2D spintronics through various van der Waals heterostructures.

关键词： Magnetotransport Spin Hall effect 2-dimensional systems Density functional calculations

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Emergent dimer-model topological order and quasi-particle excitations in liquid crystals: combinatorial vortex lattices

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Meng, Cuiling Wu, Jin-Sheng Kos, Žiga Dunkel, Jörn Nisoli, Cristiano Smalyukh, Ivan I. Department of Physics and Chemical Physics Program University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States Hiroshima University Hiroshima Higashihiroshima Japan Department of Mathematics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Faculty of Mathematics and Physics University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia Department of Condensed Matter Physics Jožef Stefan Institute Ljubljana Slovenia Theoretical Division Physics of Condensed Matter and Complex Systems Center For Nonlinear Studies Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNM87545 United States Department of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute National Renewable Energy Laboratory University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States

Liquid crystals have proven to provide a versatile experimental and theoretical platform for studying topological objects such as vortices, skyrmions, and hopfions. In parallel, in hard condensed matter physics, the concept of topological phases and topological order has been introduced in the context of spin liquids to investigate emergent phenomena like quantum Hall effects and high-temperature superconductivity. Here, we bridge these two seemingly disparate perspectives on topology in physics. Combining experiments and simulations, we show how topological defects in liquid crystals can be used as versatile building blocks to create complex, highly degenerate topological phases, which we refer to as ‘Combinatorial Vortex Lattices’ (CVLs). CVLs exhibit extensive residual entropy and support locally stable quasi-particle excitations in the form of charge-conserving topological monopoles, which can act as mobile information carriers and be linked via Dirac strings. CLVs can be rewritten and reconfigured on demand, endowed with various symmetries, and modified through laser-induced topological surgery — an essential capability for information storage and retrieval. We demonstrate experimentally the realization, stability, and precise optical manipulation of CVLs, thus opening new avenues for understanding and technologically exploiting higher-hierarchy topology in liquid crystals and other ordered media. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Laser surgery

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Phase/Interfacial-Engineered Two-Dimensional-Layered WSe2 Films by a Plasma-Assisted Selenization Process: Modulation of Oxygen Vacancies in Resistive Random-Access Memory

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ACS applied Materials and Interfaces 2023年第28期15卷 33858-33867页

作者： Chaudhary, Mayur Shih, Yu-Chuan Tang, Shin-Yi Yang, Tzu-Yi Kuo, Tzu-Wen Chung, Chia-Chen Shen, Ying-Chun Anbalagan, Aswin kumar Lee, Chih-Hao Hou, Tuo-Hung He, Jr-Hau Chueh, Yu-Lun Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan International Intercollegiate Ph.D. Program National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan College of Semiconductor Research National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Department of Physics National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung80424 Taiwan Department of Engineering and System Science National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Department of Electronic Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong999077 Hong Kong Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Semiconductor Research Center Hon Hai Research Institute Taipei11492 Taiwan

Here, we propose phase and interfacial engineering by inserting a functional WO3 layer and selenized it to achieve a 2D-layered WSe2/WO3 heterolayer structure by a plasma-assisted selenization process. The 2D-layered WSe2/WO3 heterolayer was coupled with an Al2O3 film as a resistive switching (RS) layer to form a hybrid structure, with which Pt and W films were used as the top and bottom electrodes, respectively. The device with good uniformity in SET/RESET voltage and high low-/high-resistance window can be obtained by controlling a conversion ratio from a WO3 film to a 2D-layered WSe2 thin film. The Pt/Al2O3/(2D-layered WSe2/WO3)/W structure shows remarkable improvement to the pristine Pt/Al2O3/W and Pt/Al2O3/2D-layered WO3/W in terms of low SET/RESET voltage variability (−20/20)%, multilevel characteristics (uniform LRS/HRS distribution), high on/off ratio (104-105), and retention (∼105 s). The thickness of the obtained WSe2 was tuned at different gas ratios to optimize different 2D-layered WSe2/WO3 (%) ratios, showing a distinctive trend of reduced and uniform SET/RESET voltage variability as 2D-layered WSe2/WO3 (%) changes from 90/10 (%) to 45/55 (%), respectively. The electrical measurements confirm the superior ability of the metallic 1T phase of the 2D-layered WSe2 over the semiconducting 2H phase. Through systemic studies of RS behaviors on the effect of 1T/2H phases and 2D-layered WSe2/WO3 ratios, the low-temperature plasma-assisted selenization offers compatibility with the temperature-limited 3D integration process and also provides much better thickness control over a large area. © 2023 American Chemical Society.

关键词： Aluminum oxide

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Accelerating Real-Time Imaging for Radiotherapy: Leveraging Multi-GPU Training with PyTorch 22

Accelerating Real-Time Imaging for Radiotherapy: Leveraging ...

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22nd IEEE International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications, ICMLA 2023

作者： Obe, Ruth Kaufmann, Brandt Baird, Kaelen Kadel, Sam Soltani, Yasmin Cham, Mostafa Gobbert, Matthias K. Barajas, Carlos A. Jiang, Zhuoran Sharma, Vijay R. Ren, Lei Peterson, Stephen W. Poif, Jerimy C. U. of Houston-Clear Lake Dept. of Computer Science and of Software Engineering United States U. of San Francisco Dept. of Mathematics and Statistics United States Skidmore College Dept. of Computer Science and of Mathematics United States Mount Holyoke College Dept. of Computer Science and of Psychology United States U. of Houston Dept. of Biomedical Engineering United States U. of Maryland Dept. of Information Systems Baltimore County United States U. of Maryland Dept. of Mathematics and Statistics Baltimore County United States Medical Physics Graduate Program Duke University United States U. of Maryland School of Medicine Dept. of Radiation Oncology United States U. of Maryland School of Medicine Department of Radiation Oncology United States U. of Cape Town Dept. of Physics South Africa H3D Inc. United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350345346

Proton beam therapy is an advanced form of cancer radiotherapy that uses high-energy proton beams to deliver precise and targeted radiation to tumors. This helps to mit-igate unnecessary radiation exposure in healthy tissues. Real-time imaging of prompt gamma rays with Compton cameras has been suggested to improve therapy efficacy. However, the camera's non-zero time resolution leads to incorrect interaction classifications and noisy images that are insufficient for accurately assessing proton delivery in patients. To address the challenges posed by the Compton camera's image quality, machine learning techniques are employed to classify and refine the generated data. These machine-learning techniques include recurrent and feedforward neural networks. A PyTorch model was designed to improve the data captured by the Compton camera. This decision was driven by PyTorch's flexibility, powerful capabilities in handling sequential data, and enhanced G PU usage. This accelerates the model's computations on large-scale radiotherapy data. Through hyperparameter tuning, the validation accuracy of our PyTorch model has been improved from an initial 7 % to over 60 %. Moreover, the PyTorch Distributed Data Parallelism strategy was used to train the RNN models on multiple G PU s, which significantly reduced the training time with a minor impact on model accuracy. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Clas-sification Compton camera Distributed Data Parallelism Proton beam therapy PyTorch Recurrent neural network

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Opto2P-FCM: A MEMS Based Miniature Two-Photon Microscope with Patterned Optogenetic Stimulation

Opto2P-FCM: A MEMS Based Miniature Two-Photon Microscope wit...

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Microscopy Histopathology and Analytics, Microscopy 2024 - Part of Optica Biophotonics Congress: Biomedical Optics

作者： Futia, Gregory L. Zohrabi, Mo McCullough, Connor Teel, Alec de Souza, Fabio Simoes Oroke, Ryan Bright, Victor M. Restrepo, Diego Gopinath, Juliet T. Gibson, Emily A. Department of Bioengineering University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus AuroraCO80045 United States Department of Cell and Developmental Biology University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus AuroraCO80045 United States Department of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States Department of Physics University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States

Miniaturized microscopes for monitoring neural activity are an indispensable tool for neuroscience research. We present a novel MEMS based miniature microscope with patterned optogenetic stimulation capabilities enabl... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171340

关键词： Microscopes

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Activation field-driven domain wall dynamics of nanobits in ferroelectric Al_0.7Sc_0.3N thin films

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Journal of Alloys and Compounds 2025年 1035卷

作者： Ahn, Yoonho Son, Jong Yeog School of Liberal Arts Korea University of Technology and Education Cheonan 31253 South Korea Department of Physics Missouri University of Science and Technology Rolla 65409 MO United States Department of Applied Physics Institute of Natural Sciences and Integrated Education Program for Frontier Materials (BK21 Four) Kyung Hee University Yongin 17104 South Korea

Non-oxide ferroelectric thin films, such as Al1-xScxN (AlScN) thin films, have garnered significant interest for non-volatile memory applications due to their high remanent polarization. However, their large coercive ... 详细信息

Non-oxide ferroelectric thin films, such as Al_1-xSc_xN (AlScN) thin films, have garnered significant interest for non-volatile memory applications due to their high remanent polarization. However, their large coercive electric fields present challenges for practical implementation. In this study, the domain switching dynamics of epitaxial AlScN thin films with thicknesses of 50, 100, and 150 nm were systematically investigated using piezoresponse force microscopy. The AlScN thin films, deposited on (111)-oriented Pt/MgO substrates, exhibited c-oriented epitaxial growth with a wurtzite structure. The remanent polarization improved with decreasing film thickness, attributed to the increase in the out-of-plane lattice constant. During the formation of ferroelectric polarization nanobits, domain wall migration speeds increased significantly with higher applied voltages. Furthermore, activation fields for domain wall motion, determined using Merz's law, decreased with increasing film thickness, reaching 14.3, 13.2, and 12.2 MV/cm for thicknesses of 50, 100, and 150 nm, respectively. By achieving an information density of approximately 2.1 T/in², these findings provide critical insights into the tunable ferroelectric properties of AlScN thin films, paving the way for their integration into ultrahigh-density data storage and next-generation non-volatile memory devices. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Activation field Al0.7Sc0.3N thin film Domain wall motion Nanobit Polarization switching

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Demonstration of a Polarization-Agnostic Geometric Phase in Nonlocal Metasurfaces

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Overvig, Adam Kasahara, Yoshiaki Xu, Gengyu Alù, Andrea Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center Graduate Center of the City University of New York United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Texas Austin United States Physics Program Graduate Center City University of New York United States

Symmetry-driven phenomena arising in nonlocal metasurfaces supporting quasi-bound states in the continuum (q-BICs) have been opening new avenues to tailor enhanced light-matter interactions via perturbative design principles. Geometric phase concepts—observed in many physical systems—are particularly useful in nonlocal metasurfaces, as they enable to locally pattern the q-BIC scattering rate and phase across the metasurface aperture without affecting the delocalized nature of the q-BIC resonance. However, this control typically comes with stringent limitations in terms of efficiency and/or of polarization operation. Here, we unveil a new form of geometric phase control, accumulated along a continuous contour of geometric perturbations that parametrically encircle a singularity associated with a bound state. This response is obtained regardless of the chosen polarization state, which can be rationally specified by a judicious choice of the perturbation geometry. Our findings extend geometric phase concepts to arbitrary polarizations, including linear and elliptical states, with near-unity scattering efficiency. This polarization-agnostic geometric phase offers new opportunities for wavefront manipulation, multifunctional operation and light emission, with applications in augmented reality, secure communications, wireless systems, imaging, lasing, nonlinear and quantum optics. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Polarization

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Low Temperature Spin Seebeck Effect in Non-Magnetic Vanadium Dioxide

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Luo, Renjie Legvold, Tanner J. Chen, Liyang Navarro, Henry Basaran, Ali C. Hong, Deshun Liu, Changjiang Bhattacharya, Anand Schuller, Ivan K. Natelson, Douglas Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Applied Physics Graduate Program Rice Quantum Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Physics Center for Advanced Nanoscience University of California La Jolla San DiegoCA92093 United States Materials Science Division Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL60439 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States

The spin Seebeck effect (SSE) is sensitive to thermally driven magnetic excitations in magnetic insulators. Vanadium dioxide in its insulating low temperature phase is expected to lack magnetic degrees of freedom, as vanadium atoms are thought to form singlets upon dimerization of the vanadium chains. Instead, we find a paramagnetic SSE response in VO2 films that grows as the temperature decreases below 50 K. The field and temperature dependent SSE voltage is qualitatively consistent with a general model of paramagnetic SSE response and inconsistent with triplet spin transport. Quantitative estimates find a spin Seebeck coefficient comparable in magnitude to that observed in strongly magnetic materials. The microscopic nature of the magnetic excitations in VO2 requires further examination. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Paramagnetism

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Modulation of ionic conduction using polarizable surfaces

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Physical Review Research 2023年第4期5卷 043174-043174页

作者： A. P. dos Santos F. Jiménez-Ángeles A. Ehlen M. Olvera de la Cruz Instituto de Física Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Caixa Postal 15051 CEP 91501-970 Porto Alegre RS Brazil Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Applied Physics Program Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA

Hybrid ionic-electronic conductors have the potential to generate memory effects and neuronal behavior. The functionality of these mixed materials depends on ion motion through thin polarizable channels. Here, we explore different polarization models to show that the current and conductivity of electrolytes is higher when confined by conductors than by dielectrics. We find nonlinear currents in both dielectrics and conductors, and we recover the known linear (Ohmic) result only in the two-dimensional limit between conductors. We show that the polarization charge location impacts electrolyte structure and transport properties. This work suggests a mechanism to induce memristor hysteresis loops using conductor-dielectric switchable materials.

关键词： Electric polarization Electrical conductivity Resistive switching

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