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Finding Friendly Neighborhood: Optimal D2D Relaying in mmWave IoT Networks

IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 89193-89207页

作者： Mahendran, V. Badarla, Venkataramana Krishna, Vamshi Vijay Indian Institute of Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Tirupati517619 India

Device-to-Device (D2D) relaying helps improve the coverage range and throughput of the millimeter Wave (mmWave) networks. This work focuses on improving the uplink throughput in a single-cell mmWave-based Internet-of-Things (IoT) network. The key factors involve the placement of relays and neighbor selection (NS)(, i.e., the process of selecting source IoTs within the relay node's coverage range). The problem is formulated using model-based bandits, and the associated structural results are analyzed. Considering the resource-constrained nature of IoTs, we have developed a simple rule-based NS as an alternative to computationally intensive learning-based neighbor-selection processes from state of the art. By utilizing the rule-based NS, we show that there exists a conducive coverage range (called a friendly neighborhood) for the relay node to choose the neighbors. Accordingly, a geometry-based relay placement mechanism is proposed to maximize the uplink throughput. The optimality of the proposed solutions is shown analytically, and their performance concerning the state of the art is evaluated using extensive simulation. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Beamforming

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A Deep Learning based Ultra-Lightweight Architecture for Atrial Fibrillation Detection Using Single-Lead ECG Recordings

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 86474-86486页

作者： Khan, Abbas Mughal, Muhammad Rizwan Irtaza, Syed Ali Khan, Mohsin Tahir, Madiha Ali, Ahtisham Saeed, Zoraize Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Science and Technology Pakistan Sultan Qaboos University Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Muscat Oman Institute of Space Technology Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department Islamabad Pakistan FAST National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences Islamabad Pakistan

In this paper, we have proposed a novel deep-learning model to process electrocardiogram (ECG) signals from single-lead ECG device. This is achieved by using a hybrid of CNN (convolutional neural network) and LSTM (long short-term memory) neural netwrok, where CNN extracts localized features from ECG signals, while the LSTM network extract temporal relationships. Moreover, a filtering-based method is proposed to generate synthetic data to overcome the data imbalance posed by the publicly available PhysioNet/CinC Challenge 2017 dataset. Specifically, three distinct ECG filters: Neurokit, BioSPPy, and EngZeeMod are used to perform data augmentation. As depicted by the simulation results, the proposed model exhibits superior performance with an F1 score of 99.56% providing a gain of 102.25 dB in terms of model size and performance gain of 1.06% outperforming existing state-of-the-art method enabling cost-effective real-time diagnosis with an inference time of 0.48×10-3 secs. Atrial fibrillation (A-Fib), a common cardiac arrhythmia, is linked to serious complications like heart failure and stroke, which early diagnosis could prevent. However, its paroxysmal and often asymptomatic nature complicates detection. In this paper, we propose a novel deep-learning model for single-lead ECG signal analysis, combining a convolutional neural network (CNN) to extract localized features and a long short-term memory (LSTM) network to capture temporal dependencies. To address data imbalance in the PhysioNet/CinC Challenge 2017 dataset, we employ a filtering-based approach with Neurokit, BioSPPy, and EngZeeMod for synthetic data generation. Simulation results show the model achieves a 99.56% F1 score, a 102.25 dB gain in efficiency, a 1.06% performance gain over the state-of-the-art method, and real-time diagnosis with a 0.48×10-3 second inference time. These simulation results confirm the superior performance of the proposed model. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Electrocardiography

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Electrocardiogram-based heart disease prediction using hybrid deep feature engineering with sequential deep classifier

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第10期84卷 7443-7475页

作者： Golande, Avinash L. Pavankumar, T. Department of Computer Science & Engineering KLEF A. P. Vijayawada India

Several approaches can detect early heart problems. Electrocardiograms (ECGs) are better and more affordable for early heart disease prediction. ECG data can better predict heart diseases and abnormalities. Standard methods are slow and limited to a narrow ECG signal pattern range. Newer deep learning-based algorithms require tedious and unimportant human feature extraction from raw ECG data. This study presents a new electrocardiogram-based cardiac disease detection system using an ensemble method for feature extraction and deep learning for classification. The approach includes pre-processing of input ECG signals, hybrid feature engineering, and disease categorization. Pre-processing the input signal preserved its integrity by reducing the artifact and noise using a robust filtering technique. ECG feature extraction should use generic automation and beat-specific features. We designed the hybrid feature engineering approach using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Stationary Wavelet Transform (SWT). The SWT method employs dynamic thresholding to segment ECG data into individual heartbeats, from which the beat-specific feature vector is derived. To automate the process of classifying cardiac diseases, a powerful 3-layer CNN has been trained to do so and now extracts those attributes automatically. Manifold learning of feature selection is then used to normalize the combined features from the two methods. Long Term Short Memory (LSTM), a deep learning classifier, has been given the ensemble feature vector. For LSTM, the sequential characteristics vector transmits information to the LSTM layer and then calculates the probabilities for each class to provide precise disease classification in the classification phase. The suggested model surpasses cutting-edge deep learning-driven techniques when used with a publicly available multi-disease ECG dataset. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Electrocardiograms

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ClipArtGAN: An Application of Pix2Pix Generative Adversarial Network for Clip Art Generation

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-25页

作者： Elnabawy, Reham H. Abdennadher, Slim Hellwich, Olaf Eldawlatly, Seif Technische Universität Berlin Berlin Germany Computer Science and Engineering Department Faculty of Media Engineering and Technology German University in Cairo Cairo Egypt Computer Science Department Faculty of Informatics and Computer Science German International University New Administrative Capital Egypt Computer and Systems Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Ain Shams University 1 El-sarayat st. Abbassia Cairo Egypt Computer Science and Engineering Department The American University in Cairo Cairo Egypt School of Information Technology New Giza University Giza Egypt

An image can convey a thousand words. This statement emphasizes the importance of illustrating ideas visually rather than writing them down. Although detailed image representation is typically instructive, there are several contexts where simplification of image representations may be more informative. One way to provide an abstract representation of an object is via clip art, which is a simple graphic illustration of an object that can be included in documents or presentations. Clip art representation can be utilized in graphic design for concepts expression and daily life objects illustration. Furthermore, clip art had shown remarkable advantages when compared to real images in terms of editing and manipulation since clip art geometry can be easily edited in addition to the feasibility of storing it in a resolution-independent manner. However, it can be difficult to automatically create clip arts that resemble any object. Here, we propose a novel deep learning model, named ClipArtGAN, that utilizes Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) to convert a photo of an object to its corresponding clip art. To our knowledge, this is the first GAN model based on Pix2Pix architecture that is capable of automatically generating clip art for any arbitrary object. Three training datasets were collected to train and compare two GAN models based on Pix2Pix and CycleGAN architectures. Our results demonstrate that the mean accuracy obtained using ClipArtGAN utilizing Pix2Pix outperforms that of CycleGAN by 58% and that of Google Images-based search by 54%. These results indicate the efficacy of ClipArtGAN in generating representative clip art images. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Generative adversarial networks

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Multi-word-representability of graphs

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Discrete Applied Mathematics 2025年 374卷 61-74页

作者： Kenkireth, Benny George Sajith, Gopalan Sasidharan, Sreyas IIT Guwahati Department of Computer Science and Engineering Assam Guwahati781039 India

A graph G=(V,E) is word-representable if there exists a word w over the alphabet V such that for any distinct pair of vertices x,y∈V, (x,y)∈E if and only if the occurrences of the letters x and y alternate in the word w. Word-representable graphs generalize many important graph classes such as 3-colorable graphs, comparability graphs, and graphs of vertex degree at most 3. The notion of multi-word representability of graphs is a generalization of the notion of word-representability. A graph G is k-multi-word-representable if it can be represented by a set of at most k words, each representing a word-representable subgraph of G, such that their union is G. 2-multi-word-representable graphs contain many graph classes, such as word-representable graphs, planar graphs, interval graphs, split graphs, and line graphs. We first investigate the problem of finding the largest word-representable induced subgraph of a graph. We solve this problem for graphs of size up to nine. The second problem that we study is determining whether it is possible to vertex partition graphs on n vertices into two sets, each inducing a word-representable graph. We solve this problem for graphs of size up to thirteen and for perfect graphs of size up to sixteen. These results help us to show that graphs with at most 20 vertices are 2-multi-word-representable. The third problem we address involves computing the multi-word-representation number for certain subclasses of perfect graphs. In particular, our investigation reveals that perfect graphs with up to 28 vertices, well-partitioned chordal graphs, and (6+y)-trees with at most (25+y) vertices, all subclasses of perfect graphs, are 2-multi-word-representable. Additionally, we establish that any chordal graph is O(loglogn)-multi-word-representable. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Trees (mathematics)

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Joint V2V Group Association and Transmission Power Control in Federated Vehicular Networks

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第11期12卷 18167-18182页

作者： Liu, Su Guan, Peiyuan Li, Yushuai Li, Tianyi Zolfagharian, Zolaikha Yu, Jiong Huang, Tingwen Xinjiang University School of Computer Science and Technology Urumqi830046 China University of Oslo Department of Informatics Oslo0316 Norway Aalborg University Department of Computer Science Aalborg9220 Denmark University of Tehran School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Iran Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology Faculty of Computer Science and Control Engineering Shenzhen518055 China

With growing awareness of privacy protection, Federated Learning (FL) in vehicular network scenarios effectively addresses privacy concerns, leading to the development of Federated Vehicular Networks (FVN). In FVN, vehicles maintain a global model by transmitting local models and iterative processing, resulting in significant communication overhead. In the Internet of Vehicles (IoV), as the majority of the spectrum resources are allocated to Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication, vehicles engaged in FL encounter uplink interference when these resources are reused. This compromises the efficacy of FL vehicle communication. To address this issue, we propose FedCDC, a new Federated learning framework with adaptive weight Clustering with knowledge Distillation and Channel sharing-based resource allocation. First, we implement a communication compression strategy based on clustering and distillation to alleviate transmission load. Then, we develop a resource allocation strategy to maximize the Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR) for both FL vehicles and V2V groups, which investigates two critical components: channel pairing and power coordination. We formulate the optimization issue as a multi-objective optimization problem that is solved offline using the MIDACO solver. Due to the dynamic characteristics of FVN, we employ a Multi-Agent Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (MADDPG) to enhance efficiency. Finally, extensive experiments demonstrate that our approach significantly reduces data transmission and offers an efficient resource coordination plan, thus improving FL communication efficiency and ensuring the Quality of Service (QoS) for both V2V groups and FL vehicles. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Differential privacy

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Enhancing demand forecasting through combination of anomaly detection and continuous improvement

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Soft Computing 2025年第2期29卷 1243-1258页

作者： Jahani, Meysam Zojaji, Zahra Raji, Fatemeh Faculty of Computer Engineering University of Isfahan Isfahan Iran School of Computer Science and Informatics De Montfort University Leicester United Kingdom

Demand forecasting has emerged as a crucial element in supply chain management. It is essential to identify anomalous data and continuously improve the forecasting model with new data. However, existing literature fails to comprehensively cover both aspects of anomaly detection and continuous improvement in demand forecasting. This study proposes an enhanced model to improve accuracy in the demand forecasting. The proposed model introduces a novel data handling method that incorporates an anomaly detection autoencoder, improved with anomaly correction mechanisms. The data handling approach simultaneously detects data anomalies, distinguishes between expected and unexpected anomalies, and corrects anomalous data, ensuring cleaner input for demand forecasting. Then, the proposed model employs a long short-term memory architecture for demand forecasting, enhanced with a continuous improvement method. Thus, the model not only forecasts demand but also retrains the model when the anomaly data surpasses the predetermined threshold, thereby improving the accuracy of forecasting. The results show that the proposed model outperforms other models in detecting data anomalies, achieving an average precision-recall of 0.922, a receiver operating characteristic value of 0.739, and a significance level of less than 0.05. Finally, the model exhibits superior performance in demand forecasting, with average mean squared error, root mean squared error, and mean absolute error values of 33.167, 4.347, and 1.509, respectively, all with a significance level of less than 0.05. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Demand response

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Editor-in-Chief's foreword: understanding internet of energy (IoE)

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International Journal of computers and Applications 2025年第4期47卷 339-340页

作者： Pathan, Al-Sakib Khan Department of Computer Science and Engineering United International University Dhaka Bangladesh

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Impact of machine learning-based imputation techniques on medical datasets- a comparative analysis

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第9期84卷 5905-5925页

作者： Tiwaskar, Shweta Rashid, Mamoon Gokhale, Prasad Department of Computer Engineering Faculty of Science and Technology Vishwakarma University Pune India

In the realm of medical datasets, particularly when considering diabetes, the occurrence of data incompleteness is a prevalent issue. Unveiling valuable patterns through medical data analysis is crucial for early and precise medical predictions. However, the quality of data and the proper handling of missing data hold significant significance. To address this challenge, imputation stands as a robust approach. The main goal of this paper aims to provide a comprehensive investigation into the effects brought about by Machine Learning (ML) based imputation techniques, specifically K Nearest Neighbor Imputation (KNNI), Multiple Imputation by Chained Equations (MICE), and MissForest. Results of all three techniques are compared with the complete dataset for five missing rates (10% to 50%), and evaluated using four categories of evaluation criteria i.e. (1) model performance, (2) imputation error rate (Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Coefficient of Determination (R^2) values), (3) Pearson correlation analysis and, (4) model selection basis (Bayesian information criterion (BIC), Akaike information criterion (AIC), values). Model performance includes accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and Matthews Correlation Coefficient (Mcoff) score of four ML classifiers viz. (a) Random Forest (RF), (b) Support vector machine (SVM), (c) AdaBoost, (d) XGBoost (XGB). For all missing rate cases, the MissForest technique is better than the KNNI and MICE in accuracy and Mcoff in 80% of cases, precision in 40% of cases, recall in 60% of cases, F1 score, MAE, RMSE, R^2 in 100% of cases, AIC in 80% of cases, and BIC values in 100% of cases. Also, the correlation analysis confirms that the MissForest imputation preserves association between the variables, like the complete dataset. Overall, our findings suggest that MissForest is a better machine learning-based imputation technique for handling missing data in diabetes research. © The Author(s), under exclusive lice

关键词： Adaptive boosting

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Wide field of view large aperture meta-doublet eyepiece

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Light(science & Applications) 2025年第1期14卷 167-176页

作者： Anna Wirth-Singh Johannes E.Fröch Fan Yang Louis Martin Hanyu Zheng Hualiang Zhang Quentin T.Tanguy Zhihao Zhou Luocheng Huang Demis DJohn Biljana Stamenic Juejun Hu Tian Gu Arka Majumdar Department of Physics University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of MassachusettsLowellMAUSA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCAUSA

Wide field of view and light weight optics are critical for advanced eyewear,with applications in augmented/virtual reality and night *** refractive lenses are often stacked to correct aberrations at a wide field of view,leading to limited performance and increased size and *** particular,simultaneously achieving a wide field of view and large aperture for light collection is desirable but challenging to realize in a compact ***,we demonstrate a wide field of view(greater than 60°)meta-optic doublet eyepiece with an entrance aperture of 2.1 *** the design wavelength of 633 nm,the meta-optic doublet achieves comparable performance to a refractive lens-based eyepiece *** meta-doublet eyepiece illustrates the potential for meta-optics to play an important role in the development of high-quality monochrome near-eye displays and night vision systems.

关键词： optics refractive illustrate

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