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computer graphics International

作者： J.L. Encarnacao F. Loseries C. Sifaqui Fraunhofer-IGD Darmstadt Germany Computer Graphics Center ZGDV Darmstadt Germany Interactive Graphics Systems Group. Department of Computer Science Darmstadt University of Technology Darmstadt Germany

The development of the Internet, the Web, and Java let us believe that computing technology seems to become an integral part of our daily environment that hopefully supports us in improving the quality of life. But what does this mean to the future of information technology development? This paper presents visions towards sustainable, human-centered technology developments. New trends in human computer interaction and human information interaction are necessary for enabling even the naive user to communicate and interact with computers. What we need is a paradigm shift from the conventional information technology towards a human media technology which focus on the interaction manner between human beings and information space or amongst human beings through information space.

关键词： computer graphics Internet Human computer interaction computer science Electronic mail Java Read only memory Space technology Environmental management Home computing

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A novel combinational testability analysis by considering signal correlation

A novel combinational testability analysis by considering si...

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IEEE International Test Conference

作者： Shih-Chieh Chang Shi-Sen Chang Wen-Ben Jone Chien-Chung Tsai Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Chung Cheng University Mentor Graphics Corporation

ISBN: (纸本)0780350936

To predict the difficulty of testing a wire stuck-at fault, testability analysis algorithms provide an estimated testability value by computing controllability and observability. In all previous work, signal correlation between controllability and observability is generally ignored. As a result, the estimated value can be inaccurate. This paper discusses an efficient method to take into account signal correlation for testability analysis. Our experimental results have shown that, with little run time overhead, significant improvement of testability analysis can be achieved.

关键词： Signal analysis Circuit testing Wire Observability Circuit faults Algorithm design and analysis Controllability computer science computer graphics Time measurement

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Character grouping technique using 3D neighborhood graphs in raster map

Character grouping technique using 3D neighborhood graphs in...

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14th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, ICPR 1998

作者： Kang, Yong-Bin Ok, Se-Young Cho, Hwan-Gue Sin-Ou Building Poydong Kang-Nam-Ku Seoul Korea Republic of Graphics Application Lab Department of Computer Science Pusan National University Kum-Jung-Ku Pusan 609-735 Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)0818685123

The main problem in this paper is how to find the character which is placed on a line or curves of raster map. We give one novel algorithm to group each separated characters in a map. This word grouping is difficult especially in a map, since a map has many different types of character and each word has its own slanting line. For this, we propose the 3D neighborhood graph G from a given set of characters. In this graph, each vertex of G represents the separated characters and it is placed in 3D space according to the size of the character. This makes the bigger characters being located in the upper position, the smaller characters being placed in the bottom. We give an edge if two vertices are nearly placed in that 3D space. By this edge connection strategy we can easily find the words of various different size in a map. © 1998 IEEE.

关键词： Graph theory

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Character grouping technique using 3D neighborhood graphs in raster map

Character grouping technique using 3D neighborhood graphs in...

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International Conference on Pattern Recognition

作者： Yong-Bin Kang Se-Young Ok Hwan-Gue Cho Seoul South Korea Graphics Application Laboratory Department of Computer Science Pusan National University busan South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)0818685123

关键词： Text analysis Image analysis Image segmentation Natural languages computer graphics Application software computer science Read only memory Feature extraction Image recognition

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Rate analysis for embedded systems

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ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems 1998年第3期3卷 408-436页

作者： Mathur, Anmol Dasdan, Ali Gupta, Rajesh K. Silicon Graphics Inc. Urbana IL 61801 United States University of Illinois-Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 United States University of California-Irvine Urbana IL 61801 United States Cadence Design Systems Ambit Group Santa Clara CA 2500 Augustine Dr. United States Department of Computer Science University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 United States Department of Information and Computer Science University of California Irvine CA 92697 United States

Embedded systems consist of interacting components that are required to deliver a specific functionality under constraints on execution rates and relative time separation of the components. In this article, we model an embedded system using concurrent processes interacting through synchronization. We assume that there are rate constraints on the execution rates of processes imposed by the designer or the environment of the system, where the execution rate of a process is the number of its executions per unit time. We address the problem of computing bounds on the execution rates of processes constituting an embedded system, and propose an interactive rate analysis framework. As part of the rate analysis framework we present an efficient algorithm for checking the consistency of the rate constraints. Bounds on the execution rate of each process are computed using an efficient algorithm based on the relationship between the execution rate of a process and the maximum mean delay cycles in the process graph. Finally, if the computed rates violate some of the rate constraints, some of the processes in the system are redesigned using information from the rate analysis step. This rate analysis framework is implemented in a tool called RATAN. We illustrate by an example how RATAN can be used in an embedded system design. © 1999 ACM.

关键词： Algorithms Average execution rate Concurrent system modeling Design Embedded systems Interactive rate violation debugging Performance Rate analysis Rate constraints Theory

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Implementation and performance evaluation of Locust

Implementation and performance evaluation of Locust

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International Conference on Parallel Processing (ICPP)

作者： M. Verma T.-C. Chiueh Silicon Graphics Inc. USA Computer Science Department State University of New York Stony Brook USA

Locust is a distributed shared virtual memory system that exploits compile-time data dependency information to address the issues of false sharing, cache coherence overhead, and affinity process scheduling. The paper reports the results and their analysis of a comprehensive performance evaluation study of the first Locust prototype, which is implemented on a 12-node Pentium cluster running FreeBSD and has been fully operational for a year. The results show that for the set of regular programs tested, the performance of Locust is within 1-8% of that of the message passing system implemented on the same hardware/software platform. The main performance gain of Locust as compared to existing weak cache consistency models mainly comes from the elimination of unnecessary synchronizations using the generational cache coherence protocol, and the function-shipping approach of implementing synchronization operations.

关键词： Performance analysis Software prototyping Prototypes Software testing System testing Message passing Hardware Software performance Performance gain Coherence

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The effects of predicated execution on architectures supporting dynamic speculation

The effects of predicated execution on architectures support...

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International Workshop on Innovative Architecture for Future Generation High-Performance Processors and Systems

作者： S. Mantripragada A. Nicolau Silicon Graphics Inc. Mountain View CA USA Department of Computer Science University of California Irvine CA USA

Branch instructions pose a serious problem in achieving a good instruction level pamllelism (ILP) from a program. Modern microprocessors have attempted to alleviate this problem with the support of sophisticated branch prediction schemes. Dynamic speculation, as a hardware feature, is used to execute instructions out-of-order (OOO) guided by the outcomes of such prediction schemes. Previous branch outcomes are used to speculate an instruction before the branch is fully resolved. Studies have shown that inspite of such complex prediction schemes, there still exist many frequently executed branches which are hard to predict. Predicated execution has been proposed as an alternative technique by researchers to eliminate some of these hard to predict bmnches. Previous studies have analyzed the effects of applying predicated execution with branch prediction. Here, we study the effects of predicated execution on architectures supporting dynamic speculation. Branch classification, as a technique, is used to group branches with similar dynamic execution frequencies. The effects of different predication models on dynamic speculation are then studied for each of these branch classes. An in-depth analysis of useful and useless instructions as a result of applying these different models is also summarized.

关键词： Hardware Parallel processing Silicon graphics Microprocessors Out of order Frequency computer science Pipelines

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Analyzing the individual/combined effects of speculative and guarded execution on a superscalar architecture

Analyzing the individual/combined effects of speculative and...

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International Symposium on Parallel Processing

作者： M. Srinivas A. Nicolau Silicon Graphics Inc. Mountain View CA USA Department of Computer Science University of California Irvine CA USA

Speculative execution is a technique by which instructions are executed before the condition that controls it is evaluated. This can increase the performance if some of the idle CPU cycles are now used to execute speculated instructions. Guarded execution is a technique in which the branch instruction is eliminated and control dependencies are converted to data dependencies. This can help reduce some of the side-effects involved with branch instructions besides creating larger compilation units. However, excessive application of either one of them can result in dismal performance. Conventional approaches have used a one-time feedback metric and made all decisions based on it. We present a new way of designing feedback metrics and show how it can be used to regulate the effects of dynamic speculation and the side-effects of applying guarded execution statically. The proposed method presents 0.3 to 0.6-fold improvements over a conventional scheme using SPEC benchmarks.

关键词： Hardware Feedback Parallel processing Silicon graphics Processor scheduling computer science Pipeline processing

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Eye tracking and animation for MPEG-4 coding

Eye tracking and animation for MPEG-4 coding

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International Conference on Pattern Recognition

作者： S. Bernogger Lujun Yin A. Basu A. Pinz Institute for Computer Graphics and Vision Graz University of Technology Graz Austria Department of Computing Science University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada

Accurate localization and tracking of facial features are crucial for developing high quality model-based coding (MPEG-4) systems. For teleconferencing applications at very low bit rates, it is necessary to track eye and lip movements accurately over time. These movements can be coded and transmitted to a remote site, where animation techniques can be used to synthesize facial movements on a model of a face. In this paper we describe and simple heuristics which are effective in improving the results of well-known facial feature detection and tracking algorithms. Animation models are also presented, along with experimental results to demonstrate the system being developed. We focus our discussion only on the detection, tracking and modeling of eye movements.

关键词： MPEG 4 Standard Face detection Image coding Image motion analysis Facial animation computer vision computer graphics Bit rate Image color analysis Electrical capacitance tomography

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Training environment for inferior vena caval filter placement

Training environment for inferior vena caval filter placemen...

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6th Conferenc on Medicine Meets Virtual Reality, MMVR 1998

作者： Hahn, James K. Kaufman, Roger Winick, Adam B. Carleton, Thurston Park, Youngser Lindeman, Rob Oh, Kwang-Man Ai-Ghreimil, Nadia Walsh, Raymond J. Loew, Murray Gerber, Joanne Sankar, Siddarth Laboratory for Advanced Computer Applications in Medicine Institute for Computer Graphics George Washington University Washington DC 20052 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science George Washington University Washington DC 20052 United States Department of Radiology George Washington University Washington DC 20052 United States Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering George Washington University Washington DC 20052 United States Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology George Washington University Washington DC 20052 United States Institute for Medical Imaging and Image Analysis George Washington University Washington DC 20052 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9051993862

This paper describes a Virtual Environment system designed to aid in training interventional radiologists in inferior vena cava filter placement. It is being developed as part of a VE simulator for a number of surgical and interventional radiology procedures at the Laboratory for Advanced computer Applications in Medicine at the George Washington University. In this procedure a filter is placed in the inferior vena cava to prevent blood clots from the lower portion of the body from reaching the lungs and causing a pulmonary embolus. The simulation is designed to provide both tutorial and testing modes for the filter placement procedure.

关键词： Virtual reality

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