Traditional models of input work on the assumption that inputs delivered to a system are fairly certain to have occurred as they are reported. However, a number of new input modalities, such as pen-based inputs, hand ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0897915496
Traditional models of input work on the assumption that inputs delivered to a system are fairly certain to have occurred as they are reported. However, a number of new input modalities, such as pen-based inputs, hand and body gesture inputs, and voice input, do not share this property. Inputs under these techniques are normally acquired by a process of recognition. As a result, each of these techniques makes mistakes and provides inputs which are approximate or uncertain. This paper considers some preliminry techniques for dialog management in the presence of this uncertainty. These techniques—including a new input model and a set of extended state machine abstractions—will explicitly model uncertainty and handle it as a normal and expected part of the input process.
To facilitate the effective use of strength data in a human‐task simulation environment, we have developed graphical methods to display the multidimensional characteristics of strength data. We use human figures toge...
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A B-spline curve over a given knot vector is completely determined by its control points. By the use of the equivalence between polynomials and symmetric multiaffine maps, it is possible to compute B-spline control po...
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A B-spline curve over a given knot vector is completely determined by its control points. By the use of the equivalence between polynomials and symmetric multiaffine maps, it is possible to compute B-spline control points as values of symmetric multiaffine maps at a sequence of consecutive knots. After a short self-contained proof of this fact, this result is used to compute the new B-spline control points for knot insertion, degree elevation and osculatory B-spline interpolation. Examples are given to demonstrate how multiaffine maps may be used for practical computations, and also as a theoretical tool for the derivation of efficient algorithms.
Scrutiny of Pickover's representation of Halley's method applied to solving the polynomial equation z ** 7 = 1 elicits several remarkable features. The nodules are seen to be bilinear conformal mappings of the...
Scrutiny of Pickover's representation of Halley's method applied to solving the polynomial equation z ** 7 = 1 elicits several remarkable features. The nodules are seen to be bilinear conformal mappings of the whole plane which explains the coloration by targets. There are distinguished director nodules that direct the forward orbits out of the chaotic separators to their target basins. There are points of essential complexity where all targets are represented. At sufficiently high root density, separators will web over to form more complex separators.
We describe techniques for interactively controlling bipedal articulated figures through kinematic constraints. These constraints model certain behavioral tendencies which capture some of the characteristics of human-...
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The independent calculation of local position and orientation of the Lambertian surface of an opaque object is proposed using the photometric stereo method. A number of shaded video images are taken using different po...
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The independent calculation of local position and orientation of the Lambertian surface of an opaque object is proposed using the photometric stereo method. A number of shaded video images are taken using different positions of an ideal point light source which is placed close to the object. Normally, three images are required for a uniform and four for a textured Lambertian surface. By restricting three light sources to lie in a straight line, the depth calculations for an arbitrary surface with textured Lambertian reflection characteristics can be also determined; however, in this case the orientation of the surface cannot be calculated independently. It is shown that for both uniform and textured Lambertian surfaces the equations which are functions of three independent variables, namely, depth ( D ) and surface normal direction vector (n = [ p , q , − 1]), can be reduced to a single nonlinear equation of depth, i.e., the distance between the camera and the point on the surface. Both convergence and a unique solution are ensured because of the simple behavior of the nonlinear equation within a practical range of depth and gradient values. The robustness of the algorithm is demonstrated by synthetic as well as experimental data. The calculation of the approximate positions and orientations of discontinuous surfaces is demonstrated when random noise is added to the synthetically calculated image intensities. Two parallel planes with a gap, two sloped planes, and a spherical surface are used to demonstrate that the algorithms work well. An important feature of calculating both depth and orientation independently is that for smooth surfaces they must obey the partial differential expressions p = δ D δ x and q = δ D δ y . If we are certain that the experimental errors are within a known limit then the numerical approximation to these partial derivative expressions can be used to determine discontinuities within the image. On the other hand, if we know that the surface
Icons are used increasingly in interfaces because they are compact "universal" pictographic representations of computer functionality and processing. Animated icons can bring to life symbols representing com...
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Generating accurate radiosity solutions of real world environments is user-intensive and requires significant knowledge of the method. As a result, few end-users such as architects and designers use it. The output of ...
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