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Fractal dimension analysis for improved decision-making in non-stationary multi-arm bandit problems: a machine learning approach

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The European Physical Journal Special Topics 2025年 1-16页

作者： Nandhini, S. Kala Pandian, J. Arun Department of Computer Applications School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore India School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore India

In this research, we propose a novel approach to addressing the exploration–exploitation dilemma in multi-armed bandit (MAB) algorithms using fractal dimensions. The fractal dimension is used in the algorithms to represent the reward distributions of arms which represents the uncertainty of the arm in receiving the reward. The fractal dimension of the reward distribution is implemented in the most popular MAB optimization algorithms, such as Epsilon-Greedy, Upper Confidence Bound (UCB), Exponential-weight algorithm for Exploration and Exploitation (EXP3), and Thompson Sampling in this study. The algorithm prefers to choose arm with the least fractal dimension, as a lower fractal dimension represents less uncertainty of the arm. The performance of the fractal-enhanced MAB optimization algorithms is compared with traditional algorithms in non-stationary environments with various numbers of arms. The proposed approach provides a novel way to quantify and utilize the uncertainty of each arm in MAB problems.

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Reference Model Design in Multiple Timescale Adaptive control

Reference Model Design in Multiple Timescale Adaptive Contro...

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AIAA science and Technology Forum and Exposition, AIAA SciTech Forum 2025

作者： Eves, Kameron Valasek, John Electrical and Computer Engineering Engineering Department Utah Tech University Saint GeorgeUT84770 United States Vehicle Systems and Control Laboratory Aerospace Engineering Department Texas A and M University College StationTX77843-3141 United States

ISBN: (数字)9781624107238

ISBN: (纸本)9781624107238

The method [K]control of Adaptive Multiple-timescale systems (KAMS) has been used as a method of adaptive control for systems with states that evolve at vastly different rates and with uncertain parameters. Prior research on KAMS has shown a relationship between the asymptotic behavior of the reference models and the behavior of the full-order closed-loop system. Poor reference model design can cause steady-state error or instability even if that reference model is acceptable in a single timescale context, due to adverse feedback between the reference models and the fast-state manifold. This paper simplifies KAMS control design and provides insight into multiple timescale reference models by identifying design considerations for the fast and slow reference models. For fast reference models, it is shown that the stability proofs used in KAMS control design necessarily require the manifold to be an asymptotically stable equilibrium of the fast reference model, despite prior work that allowed other possibilities. In the case of a slow reference model that is not asymptotically stable to its reference signal, it is common for the inner connection conditions to be dependent on the reference signal. This can cause the interconnection conditions to be ill-formatted for the application of the stability proofs used in KAMS control design. This paper addresses that case and proposes the use of Raffoul’s condition as a method to prove stability in the sense of Lyapunov. A linear quadrotor attitude stabilization problem is used as a framework for the slow reference model analysis. Results presented in the paper show that 1) the asymptotic stability of the fast reference model is a necessary condition for the KAMS stability proofs used in prior work and 2) Raffoul’s condition is a sufficient condition for Lyapunov sense stability even when the inner connection conditions are ill-formatted for the KAMS stability proofs used in prior work. © 2025, American Institute of Aeronautics

关键词： Model reference adaptive control

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Detection of Perfect Stealthy Attacks on Cyber-Physical systems Subject to Measurement Quantizations: A Watermark-Based Strategy

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2025年第1期12卷 114-125页

作者： Yu-Ang Wang Zidong Wang Lei Zou Bo Shen Hongli Dong the College of Information Science and Technology Donghua University the Engineering Research Center of Digitalized Textile and Fashion Technology Ministry of Education IEEE the College of Electrical Engineering and Automation Shandong University of Science and Technology the Department of Computer Science Brunel University London Uxbridge the Sanya Offshore Oil and Gas Research Institute Northeast Petroleum University the Artificial Intelligence Energy Research Institute Northeast Petroleum University Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Networking and Intelligent Control Northeast Petroleum University

In this paper, the attack detection problem is investigated for a class of closed-loop systems subjected to unknownbutbounded noises in the presence of stealthy attacks. The measurement outputs from the sensors are quantized before transmission.A specific type of perfect stealthy attack, which meets certain rather stringent conditions, is taken into account. Such attacks could be injected by adversaries into both the sensor-toestimator and controller-to-actuator channels, with the aim of disrupting the normal data flow. For the purpose of defending against these perfect stealthy attacks, a novel scheme based on watermarks is developed. This scheme includes the injection of watermarks(applied to data prior to quantization) and the recovery of data(implemented before the data reaches the estimator).The watermark-based scheme is designed to be both timevarying and hidden from adversaries through incorporating a time-varying and bounded watermark signal. Subsequently, a watermark-based attack detection strategy is proposed which thoroughly considers the characteristics of perfect stealthy attacks,thereby ensuring that an alarm is activated upon the occurrence of such attacks. An example is provided to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed mechanism for detecting attacks.

关键词： Attack detection cyber-physical systems (CPSs) perfect stealthy attacks watermark-based strategy

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Interference Suppression and Jitter Elimination Ability-Based Adaption Tracking Guidance for Robotic Fishes

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2025年第1期12卷 126-137页

作者： Dongfang Li Jie Huang Rob Law Xin Xu Limin Zhu Edmond Q.Wu IEEE the School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Fuzhou University the Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Ministry of Education the School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Fuzhou University 5G+Industrial Internet Institute Fuzhou University the University of Macau the College of Mechatronics and Automation National University of Defense Technology the School of Mechanical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University the Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University

This work presents an adaptive tracking guidance method for robotic fishes. The scheme enables robots to suppress external interference and eliminate motion jitter. An adaptive integral surge line-of-sight guidance rule is designed to eliminate dynamics interference and sideslip issues. Limited-time yaw and surge speed observers are reported to fit disturbance variables in the model. The approximation values can compensate for the system's control input and improve the robots' tracking ***, this work develops a terminal sliding mode controller and third-order differential processor to determine the rotational torque and reduce the robots' run jitter. Then, Lyapunov's theory proves the uniform ultimate boundedness of the proposed method. Simulation and physical experiments confirm that the technology improves the tracking error convergence speed and stability of robotic fishes.

关键词： Adaptive integral surge line-of-sight approximation robotic fish speed observer

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Cardiac MRI Segmentation of Ventricular Structures and Myocardium Using U-Net Variants 5

Cardiac MRI Segmentation of Ventricular Structures and Myoca...

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5th International Conference on Advanced Research in Computing, ICARC 2025

作者： Wijesinghe, Chinthalanka B. Meedeniya, Dulani Yogarajah, Pratheepan University of Moratuwa Department of Computer Science and Engineering Moratuwa Sri Lanka Ulster University School of Computing Engineering and Intelligent Systems Londonderry United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9798331530983

Accurate segmentation of the ventricular structures and myocardium from Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) images is essential to diagnose and manage cardiovascular diseases. This study systematically evaluates the performance of five U-Net variants in cardiac MRI segmentation using the Automated Cardiac Diagnosis Challenge (ACDC) dataset and a hybrid loss function combining Cross-Entropy and dice losses. Among the variants, the Feature Pyramid U-Net achieved the best performance, with Dice coefficients of 0.9388 (Left Ventricle), 0.8759 (Right Ventricle), and 0.8426 (Myocardium), showcasing its superior ability to capture multi-scale features and segment complex anatomical structures. The comprehensive and standardized evaluation conducted in this study provides valuable insights into the strengths and limitations of these architectures for cardiac segmentation. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Deep learning

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Retinal disorder diagnosis based on hybrid deep learning models

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-25页

作者： Sedik, Ahmed El-Shafai, Walid El-Hag, Noha A. El-Banby, Ghada M. Abd El-Samie, Fathi E. Smart Systems Engineering Laboratory College of Engineering Prince Sultan University Riyadh11586 Saudi Arabia Department of the Robotics and Intelligent Machines Faculty of Artificial Intelligence Kafrelsheikh University Kafr el-Sheikh Egypt Computer Science Department Prince Sultan University Riyadh11586 Saudi Arabia Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Faculty of Electronic Engineering Menoufia University Menouf32952 Egypt The Higher Institute of Commercial Sciences Algarbia Al Mahalla Al Kubra31951 Egypt Department of Industrial Electronics and Control Engineering Faculty of Electronic Engineering Menoufia University Menouf32952 Egypt Department of Information Technology College of Computer and Information Sciences Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh11671 Saudi Arabia

Anomaly detection from medical images is badly needed for automated diagnosis. For example, medical images obtained with several modalities, such as magnetic resonance (MR) and confocal microscopy, need to be classified for anomaly detection. The MR images may contain tumors that need to be detected with anomaly detection techniques. In MR imaging, brain tumors are represented as areas composed of abnormal cells that need to be detected. On the other hand, confocal microscopy can be used for retinal imaging. Hence, there is a need to apply classification techniques for diagnosing diseases of the eye, such as Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), which leads to exudates in different regions of the retina. The detection of exudates is necessary for the diagnosis of DR. In this paper, two models are presented for the classification of MR and retinal images. Much research has been done in this area, but it did not achieve high accuracy of classification in an acceptable time. In addition, the previous models did not consider both types of image modalities considered in this paper. The suggested models are Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory (Conv-LSTM). They are used to classify normal and abnormal cases of both brain tumor and DR diseases. The CNN model is composed of six convolutional layers and six max-pooling layers. A soft-max activation function takes the classification decision. The proposed Conv-LSTM model is composed of three stages: pre-processing, feature extraction, and classification. The deep learning model performance is better than those of traditional networks. The CNN gives an accuracy of 94.26% for DR classification and 95.8% for brain tumor classification, while the Conv-LSTM gives the maximum accuracy of 96.41% for DR classification and 97.4% for brain tumor classification. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Confocal microscopy

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Exploring NetGPT-Enabled Dynamic Resource Management for Mobile D2D in Industrial IoT

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IEEE Network 2025年第3期39卷 37-46页

作者： Chen, Baotong Liang, Haiquan Wan, Jiafu Wang, Chuangjian Yan, Xuguo Xia, Xuhui AlQahtani, Salman A. Wuhan University of Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Metallurgical Equipment and Control Technology Ministry of Education Wuhan430081 China Wuhan University of Science and Technology Hubei Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission and Manufacturing Engineering Wuhan430081 China South China University of Technology School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Guangzhou510641 China King Saud University College of Computer and Information Sciences Computer Engineering Department Riyadh17748 Saudi Arabia

AI large model-centered intelligent applications holds promises to revolutionize network quality of service (QoS). therefore, the deployment and utilization of such models in the Industrial Internet of Things (Industrial IoT) are considered as an increasingly pressing priority. In particular, the integration of Generative AI (GenAI) into Industrial IoT, with a focus on establishing a robust NetGPT network architecture that leverages Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) and Device-to-Device (D2D) collaboration has been subjected to significant academic attention. Accordingly, this paper explores the optimization of dynamic network resource management in mobile D2D networks through the innovative application of NetGPT. First, a NetGPT-based system architecture for network resource management is proposed. Thereafter, mobile D2D network model is established with a detailed account of NetGPT training and NetGPT fusion. Finally, the workload scheduling strategy in industrial IoT based on Stackelberg game model is formulated though multi-agent GenAI and present the NetGPT-based orchestration of task co-offloading for mobile network nodes. Deep reinforcement learning is implemented at the edge side to compete and cooperate in addressing complex network problems, which enabling GenAI nodes in a co-offloading and load balancing manner. The implementation of NetGPT-enhanced D2D networks has been conducted in a Mininet simulation environment. Compared to traditional network solutions, our findings show significant improvements in several key performance indicators, including network response latency, task processing capacity, and transmission power. © 1986-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Quality of service

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An Automated Framework of Superpixels-Saliency Map and Gated Recurrent Unit Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Land Cover and Crops Disease Classification

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 76370-76387页

作者： Haider, Irfan Khan, Muhammad Attique Nazir, Muhammad Masood, Saleha Kraiem, Naoufel Abdulaziz Alhammadi, Dina HITEC University Department of Computer Science Taxila47080 Pakistan Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University College of Computer Engineering and Science Department of Artificial Intelligence Dhahran34754 Saudi Arabia King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals IRC for Finance and Digital Economy Dhahran31261 Saudi Arabia King Khalid University College of Computer Science Abha61413 Saudi Arabia Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University College of Computer and Information Sciences Department of Information Systems P.O.Box 84428 Riyadh11671 Saudi Arabia

In this work, we proposed an automated deep learning and saliency map architecture for the segmentation of crops, leaf disease segmentation, and land cover classification. The proposed framework is based on two embedded steps. In the first step, crop leaf disease segmentation was performed using superpixel clustering-based saliency maps and Bayesian optimization. The contrast enhancement technique is designed in the first segmentation phase and is passed to the saliency technique for the disease segmentation. In the second phase, EfficientNet-b0 architecture is fine-tuned with hyperparameters optimized via Bayesian Optimization. Also, the fine-tuned model is embedded with a single self-attention residual block fused with an efficient average pool layer. Training has been performed on segmented and contrast-enhanced images that were later fused using a serial-embedded approach. The extracted features in the testing phase are further optimized using the modified moth flame-controlled bisection (MFcB) technique. Finally, the extracted features are classified using machine learning classifiers for the final classification. Experiments are performed on the publically available cucumber leaf dataset and Remote sensing dataset with an improved accuracy of 97.6% and 92.90%, respectively. A comparison with state-of-the-art techniques shows that the proposed architecture has improved performance. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Superpixels

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AFuNet: an attention-based fusion network to classify texts in a resource-constrained language

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第9期37卷 6725-6748页

作者： Hossain, Md. Rajib Hoque, Mohammed Moshiul Dewan, M. Ali Akber Hoque, Enamul Siddique, Nazmul Department of Computer Science & Engineering Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology Chittagong4349 Bangladesh School of Computing and Information Systems Faculty of Science and Technology Athabasca University AthabascaABT9S 3A3 Canada School of Information Technology York University TorontoONM3J 1P3 Canada School of Computing Engineering and Intelligent Systems Ulster University Coleraine United Kingdom

In the era of widespread Internet use and extensive social media interaction, the digital realm is accumulating vast amounts of unstructured text data. This unstructured data often contain undesirable information, necessitating time-consuming manual classification efforts. An intelligent text classification system capable of automatically categorizing digitized texts based on semantic meaning is crucial. However, this task is particularly challenging for low-resource languages like Bengali due to a shortage of annotated corpora, issues with out-of-vocabulary words, lack of domain-specific hyperparameter tuning, limited ability to extract generalized text features, and class imbalances within the corpus. AFuNet: an attention-based fusion network to classify texts in a resource-constrained language. AFuNet undergoes a comprehensive four-phase experimental process, including baseline model evaluation and hyperparameter tuning, late fusion and model selection, attention-based early fusion and model identification, and an ablation study with impact analysis. Fine-tuned based on five Bengali text classification corpora, AFuNet achieves impressive accuracies: 96.60 ± 0.2 (BTCC11), 85.37 ± 0.2 (OSBC), 97.35 ± 0.2 (BARD), 93.74 ± 0.2 (IndicNLP), and 96.51 ± 0.2 (ProthomAlo). In comparison with previous state-of-the-art models on these corpora, AFuNet demonstrates significant accuracy improvements ranging from 0.54% to 4.49%, showcasing its effectiveness in advancing text classification capabilities for the Bengali language. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Semantics

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Modeling Local Demand for Mobile Spectrum: An Interpretable Machine Learning Approach

IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society

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IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society 2025年 6卷 4063-4082页

作者： Parekh, Janaki Yackoboski, Elizabeth Ghasemi, Amir Yanikomeroglu, Halim Communications Research Centre Canada Department of Data Science OttawaONK2H 8S2 Canada Carleton University Department of Systems and Computer Engineering OttawaONK1S 5B6 Canada

With the expansion of 5G networks and the ongoing development of future 6G networks, the demand for mobile spectrum is expected to continue to grow, particularly at a local level. In response, spectrum regulators globally are exhibiting growing interest in enhancing their understanding of current mobile spectrum demand. The goal is twofold: to maximize the socioeconomic benefits of this finite resource and to ensure that spectrum policy and licensing decisions continue to drive innovation within the wireless industry. Despite its importance, research in modeling mobile spectrum demand has been notably scarce, particularly at the granularity required in the spectrum regulatory domain. To address this gap, this paper presents a data-driven approach to estimate localized mobile spectrum demand within the context of spectrum regulation. A novel demand proxy is first introduced, derived from a large and diverse dataset of crowdsourced commercial mobile measurements. Subsequently, spectrum demand modeling is formulated as a regression task and a variety of classical machine learning models are explored, leveraging publicly available geospatial data as input features. The top-performing model successfully achieves an R2 of 0.76 and a Root Mean Square Error of 51.02 on the hold-out test set. Finally, a machine learning interpretability technique is applied to demonstrate how these models can be used for regulatory decision-making, particularly in scenarios requiring transparency and accountability. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： 5G mobile communication systems

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