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Unveiling cognitive processes in digital reading through behavioural cues: A hybrid intelligence (HI) approach

British Journal of Educational Technology 2025年第2期56卷 678-711页

作者： Lee, Yoon Migut, Gosia Specht, Marcus Industrial Design Graduate School of Design University of Seoul Seoul Korea Republic of Research Lab Faculty of Education and Psychology University of Oulu Oulu Finland Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands

Learner behaviours often provide critical clues about learners' cognitive processes. However, the capacity of human intelligence to comprehend and intervene in learners' cognitive processes is often constrained by the subjective nature of human evaluation and the challenges of maintaining consistency and scalability. The recent widespread AI technology has been applied to learning analytics (LA), aiming at a more accurate, consistent and scalable understanding of learning to compensate for challenges that human intelligence faces. However, machine intelligence has been criticized for lacking contextual understanding and difficulties dealing with complex human emotions and social cues. In this work, we aim to understand learners' internal cognitive processes based on the external behavioural cues of learners in a digital reading context, using a hybrid intelligence (HI) approach, bridging human and machine intelligence. Based on the behavioural frameworks and the insights from human experts, we scope specific behavioural cues that are known to be relevant to learners' attention regulation, which is highly relevant for learners' cognitive processes. We utilize the public WEDAR dataset with 30 subjects' video data, behaviour annotation and pre–post tests on multiple choice and summarization tasks. We apply the explainable AI (XAI) approach to train the machine learning model so that human evaluators can also understand which behavioural features were essential for predicting the usage of the cognitive processes (ie, higher-order thinking skills [HOTS] and lower-order thinking skills [LOTS]) of learners, providing insights for the next-round feature engineering and intervention design. The result indicates that the dominant use of attention regulation behaviours is a reliable indicator of low use of LOTS with 79.33% prediction accuracy, while reading speed is a valuable indicator for predicting the overall usage of HOTS and LOTS, ranging from 60.66% to 78.66% accuracy,

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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Blockchain-Enabled Secure Offloading for VEC: A Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Approach

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IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing 2025年第3期22卷 2978-2995页

作者： Lu, Xiaozhen Xiao, Liang Xiao, Yilin Xiong, Zehui Liu, Zhe Zhang, Yanyong Zhuang, Weihua Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics College of Computer Science and Technology Nanjing211106 China Xiamen University Department of Information and Communication Engineering Xiamen361005 China Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society Shenzhen518172 China Singapore University of Technology and Design Pillar of Information Systems Technology and Design 487372 Singapore Zhejiang Lab Hangzhou310027 China University of Science and Technology of China School of Computer Science and Technology Hefei230026 China University of Waterloo Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada

Vehicular edge computing (VEC) helps improve the task computational performance of vehicles on roads but has difficulty in defending against eavesdropping and selfish attacks simultaneously. In this paper, we design a reputation-based smart contract with blockchain and propose a multi-agent reinforcement learning (RL) based secure offloading scheme for VEC against both eavesdropping and selfish attacks. This scheme has a three-level hierarchical structure for each vehicle and uses the reputations obtained from the blockchain as the basis to optimize the edge node selection, offloading ratio, and power allocation, which aims to reduce the task computational latency, the vehicle energy consumption and eavesdropping rate. By using a punishment function based on the constraints, this scheme avoids exploring dangerous policies that can cause task failure or severe data leakage. A multi-agent deep RL-based secure offloading scheme is proposed for vehicles with sufficient resources, which evaluates the long-term risk rather than the punishment function to further improve the secure offloading performance. The regret bound is analyzedand the cumulative reward upper bound is provided. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of our schemes as compared with the benchmark. © 2004-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Computation offloading

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Image proce bing with deep-learning and transfer learning for cutting tool degradation monitoring 1

Image proce bing with deep-learning and transfer learning fo...

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1st International Conference on Digital Sovereignty, ICDS 2024

作者： Colantonio, Lorenzo Equeter, Lucas Giovannelli, Hugo Dehombreux, Pierre Mahmoudi, Saïd Ducobu, François Machine Design and Production Engineering Lab University of Mom Place du pare 20 Mons7000 Belgium Computer Science Unit Place du parc 20 Mons7000 Belgium

Monitoring the degradation of cutting tools is of utmost importance in the manufacturing world. Tools with substantial wear fail to produce high-quality parts in terms of geometry, residual stre b, and surface finish. Furthermore, replacing tools in a non-optimal manner can lead to increased production costs and downtime. Therefore, monitoring the condition of the tool is e bential to avoid these additional costs and ensure good production quality. This article explores various cla bification models, specifically VGG19, EfficientNetV2, and Vision Transformers. These models cla bify the state of tools using their images. Using transfer learning, a comparison of the best-performing artificial intelligence-based image analysis models is conducted to identify those most suitable for monitoring cutting tools. A comparative analysis of their generalizability, performance and explainability is realized. The model with the best performance is VGG19 with an accuracy of 94%, followed by EfficientNetV2 and ViT with an accuracy of 87%. A full comparison of these results is carried out. © 2025 The Author(s).

关键词： Adversarial machine learning

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Automated Maternal Fetal Ultrasound Image Identification Using a Hybrid Vision Transformer Model 27th

Automated Maternal Fetal Ultrasound Image Identification Usi...

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27th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, ICPR 2024

作者： Krishna, Thunakala Bala Poreddy, Ajay Kumar Reddy Sindhu, Kolla Gnapika Kokil, Priyanka Lab Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing Kancheepuram Chennai600127 India Amrita School of Computing Department of Computer Science and Engineering Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Tamil Nadu Chennai India

ISBN: (纸本)9783031781940

Ultrasound (US) technology has revolutionized prenatal care by offering noninvasive, real-time visualization of maternal-fetal anatomy. The accurate classification of maternal-fetal US planes is a critical segment of effective prenatal diagnosis. However, the inherent inter-class variance among different fetal US images presents a significant hurdle, making fetal anatomy detection a laborious and time-consuming task, even for experienced sonographers. This paper proposes a novel approach using a Hybrid Vision Transformer (H-ViT) for automated fetal anatomical plane classification to address these challenges. The proposed method utilizes hierarchical features extracted from DenseNet-121, which are then inputted into the vision transformer to analyze complex spatial relationships and patterns within fetal US images. By incorporating both global and local features, the proposed method enhances feature discriminability, thus alleviating low inter-class variance. The effectiveness of the H-ViT is evaluated using the largest publicly available maternal-fetal US image dataset. The experimental results rigorously demonstrate the superiority of our approach, achieving an accuracy of 96.60% compared to other state-of-the-art techniques. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Image processing with deep-learning and transfer learning for cutting tool degradation monitoring 12

Image processing with deep-learning and transfer learning fo...

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12th CIRP Global Web Conference, CIRPe 2024

Monitoring the degradation of cutting tools is of utmost importance in the manufacturing world. Tools with substantial wear fail to produce high-quality parts in terms of geometry, residual stress, and surface finish. Furthermore, replacing tools in a non-optimal manner can lead to increased production costs and downtime. Therefore, monitoring the condition of the tool is essential to avoid these additional costs and ensure good production quality. This article explores various classification models, specifically VGG19, EfficientNetV2, and Vision Transformers. These models classify the state of tools using their images. Using transfer learning, a comparison of the best-performing artificial intelligence-based image analysis models is conducted to identify those most suitable for monitoring cutting tools. A comparative analysis of their generalizability, performance and explainability is realized. The model with the best performance is VGG19 with an accuracy of 94%, followed by EfficientNetV2 and ViT with an accuracy of 87%. A full comparison of these results is carried out. © 2025 The Author(s).

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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Investigating the Transferability of Evasion Attacks in Network Intrusion Detection Systems Considering Domain-Specific Constraints 25th

Investigating the Transferability of Evasion Attacks in N...

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25th International Conference on Information Security Applications, WISA 2024

作者： Mbow, Mariama Roman, Rodrigo Seal, Ayan Wang, Kevin I-Kai Mohanty, Sraban Kumar Sakurai, Kouichi Department of Information Science and Technology Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan Lab University of Malaga Málaga Spain PDPM Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing Jabalpur482005 India Department of Electrical Computer and Software Engineering The University of Auckland Auckland1010 New Zealand

ISBN: (纸本)9789819616237

Recently, adversarial attacks against machine learning-based network intrusion detection systems (NIDS) have gained significant attention in cybersecurity. This study investigates the transferability of these adversarial attacks in the context of NIDS. In addition, most existing studies in adversarial learning against NIDS adopted attack strategies designed originally for image classification without considering network traffic characteristics. However, this is impractical and will fail in the real world as network traffic features are constrained, and ignoring the functional behavior of the network traffic features leads to invalid network traffic flow or produces adversarial samples that do not retain their original functionality (malicious or benign). To address these issues, we propose a constrained momentum iterative fast gradient sign method (C-MIFGSM) to generate adversarial network flows that can successfully evade an ML-based IDS through transfer-based attacks while preserving the functional behavior of the network traffic. Our approach was validated using several target NIDS models built with the NSLKDD benchmark dataset. Experimental results demonstrate that even without knowledge of the target model and under feature constraints, it is possible to generate adversarial network traffic flows that achieve a high evasion attack success rate against NIDS built with deep learning and classical ML models. For example, the attack degraded the detection rate of the DoS traffic drops from 92.35% to 20.27% for the MLP model with an evasion increase rate of 78.04%. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Adversarial machine learning

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Towards Dialogic and On-Demand Metaphors for Interdisciplinary Reading 25

Towards Dialogic and On-Demand Metaphors for Interdisciplina...

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Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

作者： Matin Yarmand Courtney N. Reed Udayan Tandon Eric B. Hekler Nadir Weibel April Yi Wang Computer Science and Engineering University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA Institute for Digital Technologies Loughborough University London London United Kingdom CWPHS FMPH QI & Design Lab University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA Computer Science and Engineering & The Design Lab University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA Computer Science ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland

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Image processing with deep-learning and transfer learning for cutting tool degradation monitoring

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Procedia CIRP 2025年 132卷 50-55页

作者： Lorenzo Colantonio Lucas Equeter Hugo Giovannelli Pierre Dehombreux Saïd Mahmoudi François Ducobu Machine Design and Production Engineering Lab University of Mom Place du pare 20 7000 Mons Belgium Computer Science Unit University of Mons Place du parc 20 7000 Mons Belgium

Monitoring the degradation of cutting tools is of utmost importance in the manufacturing world. Tools with substantial wear fail to produce high-quality parts in terms of geometry, residual stress, and surface finish. Furthermore, replacing tools in a non-optimal manner can lead to increased production costs and downtime. Therefore, monitoring the condition of the tool is essential to avoid these additional costs and ensure good production quality. This article explores various classification models, specifically VGG19, EfficientNetV2, and Vision Transformers. These models classify the state of tools using their images. Using transfer learning, a comparison of the best-performing artificial intelligence-based image analysis models is conducted to identify those most suitable for monitoring cutting tools. A comparative analysis of their generalizability, performance and explainability is realized. The model with the best performance is VGG19 with an accuracy of 94%, followed by EfficientNetV2 and ViT with an accuracy of 87%. A full comparison of these results is carried out.

关键词： Cutting Tool Degradation Monitoring Deep-Learning Transfer Learning

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Interactions Beyond the Pandemic: Lessons Learned from Large-scale Emergency Remote Teaching in Higher Education 25

Interactions Beyond the Pandemic: Lessons Learned from Large...

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Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

作者： Matin Yarmand Haowei Li Nadir Weibel Computer Science and Engineering & The Design Lab UC San Diego La Jolla California USA Graduate School of Education University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA

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What Did My Car Say? Impact of Autonomous Vehicle Explanation Errors and Driving Context On Comfort, Reliance, Satisfaction, and Driving Confidence 25

What Did My Car Say? Impact of Autonomous Vehicle Explanatio...

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Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

作者： Robert A Kaufman Aaron Broukhim David Kirsh Nadir Weibel Cognitive Science University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA Computer Science & Engineering University of California San Diego San Diego California USA Cognitive Science University of California San Diego San Diego California USA Computer Science and Engineering & The Design Lab UC San Diego La Jolla California USA

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