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24th International Conference on engineering design, ICED 2023

作者： Chen, Liuqing Cai, Zebin Jiang, Zhaojun Long, Qi Sun, Lingyun Childs, Peter Zuo, Haoyu Department of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University Hangzhou310030 China Singapore Innovation and Ai Joint Research Lab Zhejiang University Hangzhou310030 China School of Mechanical Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin300350 China Zhejiang University-University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Institute Haining314400 China Dyson School of Design Engineering Imperial College London LondonSW7 2AZ United Kingdom

Bio-inspired design (BID) involves generating innovative ideas for engineering design by drawing inspiration from natural biological phenomena and systems, using a form of design-by-analogy. Despite its many successes, BID approaches encounter research challenges including unstructured data and existing models that hinder comprehension and processing, limited focus on finding biological knowledge compared to defined problems, and insufficient guidance of the ideation process with algorithms. This paper proposes a knowledge-based approach to address the challenges. The approach involves transforming unstructured data into structured knowledge, including information about natural sources, their benefits, and applications. The structured knowledge is then used to construct a semantic network, enabling designers to retrieve information for BID in two ways. Furthermore, a three-step ideation method is developed to encourage divergent thinking and explore additional potential solutions by drawing inspiration and utilizing knowledge. The knowledge-based BID approach is implemented as a tool and design cases are conducted to illustrate the process of applying this tool for BID. © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press.

关键词： Big data

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Optimal Resource Utilization in Hyperledger Fabric: A Comprehensive SPN-Based Performance Evaluation Paradigm

Optimal Resource Utilization in Hyperledger Fabric: A Compre...

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IEEE Symposium on Network Operations and Management

作者： Carlos Melo Glauber Gonçalves Francisco A. Silva Leonel Feitosa Iure Fé André Soares Eunmi Choi Tuan Anh Nguyen Dugki Min Applied Research on Distributed Systems Lab (PASID) Federal University of Piauí (UFPI) Brazil School of Software College of Computer Science Kookmin University Seoul South Korea Konkuk Aerospace Design-Airworlhiness Research Inslilule (KADA) Konkuk Universily Seoul Soulh Korea Department of Computer Science and Engineering Konkuk University Seoul South Korea

ISBN: (数字)9798350327939

ISBN: (纸本)9798350327946

Hyperledger Fabric stands as a leading framework for permissioned block-chain systems, ensuring data security and audit-ability for enterprise applications. As applications on this platform grow, understanding its complex configuration concerning various block-chain parameters becomes vital. These configurations significantly affect the system’s performance and cost. In this research, we introduce a Stochastic Petri Net (SPN) model to analyze Hyper-ledger Fabric’s performance, considering variations in block-chain parameters, computational resources, and transaction rates. We provide case studies to validate the utility of our model, aiding block-chain administrators in determining optimal configurations for their applications. A key observation from our model highlights the block size’s role in system response time. We noted an increased mean response time, between 1 to 25 seconds, due to variations in transaction arrival rates.

关键词： Performance evaluation Distributed ledger Computational modeling Data security Petri nets Stochastic processes Fabrics

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FloRa: Flow Table Low-Rate Overflow Reconnaissance and Detection in SDN

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Mudgal, Ankur Verma, Abhishek Singh, Munesh Sahoo, Kshira Sagar Elmroth, Erik Bhuyan, Monowar Computer Science & Engineering Discipline PDPM Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing Madhya Pradesh Jabalpur India Department of Information Technology Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University Uttar Pradesh Lucknow226025 India Department of Computing Science ADS Lab Umeå University Sweden

Software Defined Networking (SDN) has evolved to revolutionize next-generation networks, offering programmability for on-the-fly service provisioning, primarily supported by the OpenFlow (OF) protocol. The limited storage capacity of Ternary Content Addressable Memory (TCAM) for storing flow tables in OF switches introduces vulnerabilities, notably the Low-Rate Flow Table Overflow (LOFT) attacks. LOFT exploits the flow table’s storage capacity by occupying a substantial amount of space with malicious flow, leading to a gradual degradation in the flow-forwarding performance of OF switches. To mitigate this threat, we propose FloRa, a machine learning-based solution designed for monitoring and detecting LOFT attacks in SDN. FloRa continuously examines and determines the status of the flow table by closely examining the features of the flow table entries. Upon detecting an attack FloRa promptly activates the detection module. The module monitors flow properties, identifies malicious flows, and blacklists them, facilitating their eviction from the flow table. Incorporating novel features such as Packet Arrival Frequency, Content Relevance Score, and Possible Spoofed IP along with Cat Boost employed as the attack detection method. The proposed method reduces CPU overhead, memory overhead, and classification latency significantly and achieves a detection accuracy of 99.49% which is more than the state-of-the-art methods to the best of our knowledge. This approach not only protects the integrity of the flow tables but also guarantees the uninterrupted flow of legitimate traffic. Experimental results indicate the effectiveness of FloRa in LOFT attack detection, ensuring uninterrupted data forwarding and continuous availability of flow table resources in SDN. © 2024, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Internet protocols

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Digital Twin Aided Predictive Scheduling and Bandwidth Allocation for Multi-Vehicle Cooperative Perception Systems

Digital Twin Aided Predictive Scheduling and Bandwidth Alloc...

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IEEE Conference on Vehicular Technology (VTC)

作者： Binbin Lu Xumin Huang Yuan Wu Liping Qian Dusit Niyato Tony Q. S. Quek Cheng-Zhong Xu State Key Lab of Internet of Things for Smart City Macau China School of Automation Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou China Zhuhai- UM Science and Technology Research Institute Zhuhai China College of Information Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou China School of Computer Science and Engineering Nangyang Technological University Singapore Information Systems Technology and Design Pillar Singapore University of Technology and Design Singapore

ISBN: (数字)9798350387414

ISBN: (纸本)9798350387421

As an emerging technology, Digital Twin (DT) can provide a virtual presentation of the physical Intelligent Trans-portation Systems (ITS) to enhance the applications of ITS such as cooperation perception. In cooperative perception, accurate location is crucial for selecting proper cooperative vehicles (CoVs) to improve the perception performance. However, due to the high mobility of vehicles, the deviation between DT and physical world may lead to non-negligible location errors, which raises the challenges for achieving efficient CoV selection in cooperative perception. In this paper, we propose a DT-empowered multi-vehicle cooperative perception system, in which the CoV selection and bandwidth allocation are jointly optimized to improve the performance of cooperative perception. Specifically, an asyn-chronous federated learning scheme is deployed in DT for location prediction to mitigate the effect of the deviation. Based on the prediction results, the problem of joint predictive scheduling and bandwidth allocation is then formulated as the average delay minimization problem while reaching the required performances. The adaptive CoV selection and bandwidth allocation algorithm based on deep reinforcement learning is proposed to find the optimal scheduling strategy. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves the lowest average delay while effectively guaranteeing the performance requirement.

关键词： Vehicular and wireless technologies Federated learning Simulation Optimal scheduling Channel allocation Prediction algorithms Minimization

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Towards Efficient Workflow Scheduling Over Yarn Cluster Using Deep Reinforcement Learning

Towards Efficient Workflow Scheduling Over Yarn Cluster Usin...

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IEEE Conference on Global Communications (GLOBECOM)

作者： Jianguo Xue Ting Wang Puyu Cai MoE Engineering Research Center of Software/Hardware Co-design Technology and Application Shanghai Key Lab. of Trustworthy Computing East China Normal University China Department of Computer Science and Engineering Michigan State University USA

Hadoop Yarn is an open-source cluster manager responsible for resource management and job scheduling. However, data-driven applications are typically organized into workflows that consist of a series of jobs with dependencies. Yarn does not manage users' workflows and only considers the current job rather than the entire workflow when scheduling. In practice, multiple workflows share the same Yarn cluster and are pre-assigned separate Yarn resource queues to avoid mutual interference. However, this coarse-grained resource division can sometimes result in low resource utilization and increased pending time of jobs on the Yarn queue. For instance, one resource queue may have exhausted its quota while still having pending jobs, while other queues may have available resources but cannot begin executing any jobs due to unfulfilled data dependencies. To address this problem, we propose a deep reinforcement learning-based workflow scheduling scheme that takes into account job dependencies, job priorities, and dynamic resource usage. The proposed approach can intelligently identify and utilize free windows of different resource queues. Our simulation results demonstrate that the proposed DRL-based workflow scheduling scheme can significantly reduce the average job latency compared to existing approaches.

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Age of Information Analysis of Ber/Geo/1/1 Queue With On-Off Service

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年

作者： Zeng, Hao Qu, Yi Chen, Zhengchuan Akar, Nail Wang, Min Wu, Dapeng O. Quek, Tony Q. S. Chongqing University School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering Chongqing China Bilkent University Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department Bilkent Ankara06800 Turkey Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications School of Optoelectronics Engineering Chongqing China City University of Hong Kong Department of Computer Science Hong Kong Singapore University of Technology and Design 487372 Singapore Yonsei University Yonsei Frontier Lab Korea Republic of

The Age of Information (AoI), which measures the time since the generation of the latest update, quantifies information freshness in timeliness-critical systems. Minimizing AoI and characterizing it precisely are crucial for system efficiency and decision-making. This work investigates AoI under external interference modeled as an On-Off process, providing a foundation for future research in more complex scenarios. We consider a discrete-time remote status-updating system with a monitor and a sensor, where the sensor observes a physical process, generates timestamped updates, and sends them to the monitor. Both inter-arrival and service times follow geometric distributions, with service interrupted according to a two-state On-Off process. We analyze AoI under two queuing disciplines: 1) non-preemptive, where arriving updates are discarded if the server is occupied, and 2) preemptive, where in-service updates are replaced with new ones during the Off state. For both, we derive closed-form expressions for average AoI and peak AoI (PAoI). We also explore the relationship between discrete-time and continuous-time systems, showing that the latter is the limiting case of the former. Numerical results validate the theoretical analysis, revealing a linear relationship between the relative normalized increase in average PAoI and AoI and the proportion of Off state time. Frequent On-Off switching and higher service rates under the same system load help mitigate freshness deterioration caused by interruptions. The On-Off process is shown to have a large impact on the average AoI (resp. PAoI) of systems with relatively high (resp. low) arrival and service rates. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Continuous time systems

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Predicting Trust In Autonomous Vehicles: Modeling Young Adult Psychosocial Traits, Risk-Benefit Attitudes, And Driving Factors With Machine Learning 25

Predicting Trust In Autonomous Vehicles: Modeling Young Adul...

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2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI 2025

作者： Kaufman, Robert A Lee, Emi Bedmutha, Manas Satish Kirsh, David Weibel, Nadir Cognitive Science University of California La Jolla San Diego CA United States Uc San Diego La Jolla CA United States Cognitive Science University of California San Diego San Diego CA United States Computer Science and Engineering & the Design Lab Uc San Diego La Jolla CA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798400713941

Low trust remains a significant barrier to Autonomous Vehicle (AV) adoption. To design trustworthy AVs, we need to better understand the individual traits, attitudes, and experiences that impact people's trust judgements. We use machine learning to understand the most important factors that contribute to young adult trust based on a comprehensive set of personal factors gathered via survey (n = 1457). Factors ranged from psychosocial and cognitive attributes to driving style, experiences, and perceived AV risks and benefits. Using the explainable AI technique SHAP, we found that perceptions of AV risks and benefits, attitudes toward feasibility and usability, institutional trust, prior experience, and a person's mental model are the most important predictors. Surprisingly, psychosocial and many technology- and driving-specific factors were not strong predictors. Results highlight the importance of individual differences for designing trustworthy AVs for diverse groups and lead to key implications for future design and research. © 2025 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).

关键词： Autonomous Vehicles Machine Learning Personalization

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Self context-aware emotion perception on human-robot interaction

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Lin, Zihan Cruz, Francisco Sandoval, Eduardo Benitez School of Computer Science and Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney Australia Escuela de Ingeniería Universidad Central de Chile Santiago Chile School of Art and Design Creative Robotics Lab University of New South Wales Sydney Australia

Emotion recognition plays a crucial role in various domains of human-robot interaction. In long-term interactions with humans, robots need to respond continuously and accurately, however, the mainstream emotion recognition methods mostly focus on short-term emotion recognition, disregarding the context in which emotions are perceived. Humans consider that contextual information and different contexts can lead to completely different emotional expressions. In this paper, we introduce self context-aware model (SCAM) that employs a two-dimensional emotion coordinate system for anchoring and re-labeling distinct emotions. Simultaneously, it incorporates its distinctive information retention structure and contextual loss. This approach has yielded significant improvements across audio, video, and multimodal. In the auditory modality, there has been a notable enhancement in accuracy, rising from 63.10% to 72.46%. Similarly, the visual modality has demonstrated improved accuracy, increasing from 77.03% to 80.82%. In the multimodal, accuracy has experienced an elevation from 77.48% to 78.93%. In the future, we will validate the reliability and usability of SCAM on robots through psychology experiments. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Emotion Recognition

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Attention-Enhanced Lightweight Hourglass Network for Human Pose Estimation

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Kappan, Marsha Mariya Sandoval, Eduardo Benitez Meijering, Erik Cruz, Francisco School of Computer Science and Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney Australia School of Art and Design Creative Robotics Lab University of New South Wales Sydney Australia Escuela de Ingenieŕıa Universidad Central de Chile Santiago Chile

Pose estimation is a critical task in computer vision with a wide range of applications from activity monitoring to human-robot interaction. However, most of the existing methods are computationally expensive or have complex architecture. Here we propose a lightweight attention based pose estimation network that utilizes depthwise separable convolution and Convolutional Block Attention Module on an hourglass backbone. The network significantly reduces the computational complexity (floating point operations) and the model size (number of parameters) containing only about 10% of parameters of original eight stack Hourglass network. Experiments were conducted on COCO and MPII datasets using a two stack hourglass backbone. The results showed that our model performs well in comparison to six other lightweight pose estimation models with an average precision of 72.07. The model achieves this performance with only 2.3M parameters and 3.7G FLOPs. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Convolution

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A Soft Micro-Robotic Catheter for Aneurysm Treatment: A Novel design and Enhanced Euler-Bernoulli Model with Cross-Section Optimization

A Soft Micro-Robotic Catheter for Aneurysm Treatment: A Nove...

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IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)

作者： Emanuele Nicotra Chi Cong Nguyen James Davies Phuoc Thien Phan Trung Thien Hoang Bibhu Sharma Adrienne Ji Kefan Zhu Trung Dung Ngo Van Anh Ho Hung Manh La Nigel H. Lovell Thanh Nho Do Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW Sydney Kensington Campus Australia More-Than-One Robotics Laboratory Faculty of Sustainable Design Engineering University of Prince Edward Island Charlottetown Canada Soft Haptics Laboratory School of Materials Science Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Kawaguchi Saitama Japan Department of Computer Science and Engineering Advanced Robotics and Automation (ARA) Lab University of Nevada Reno NV USA

ISBN: (数字)9798350384574

ISBN: (纸本)9798350384581

Aneurysms, balloon-like bulges in blood vessels, present a significant health risk due to their potential to rupture, leading to life-threatening internal bleeding. Current treatments often involve delivering embolic materials or metal coils to fill these bulges, occluding them from the pressure of blood flow. However, clinical micro-catheters that deploy embolic materials used today face limitations, primarily their rigidity and the lack of active control over the bending tip of the catheter. This paper introduces a new soft micro-robotics catheter, with diameter of only 0.8 mm, equipped with a hollow channel. With this new design, the new device can induce bending motions at its tip for active steerability to reach desired aneurysm targets and then perform the delivery of embolic materials and tools. To enhance the control and precise navigation during procedures, a robust mathematical model and image processing techniques are also introduced and validated. Experiments are also performed to characterise and validate the model’s accuracy and the steerability and navigation capabilities of the new micro-catheter.

关键词： Performance evaluation Navigation Metals Aneurysm Bending Mathematical models Rigidity

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