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Natural pigment sensor for solar ultraviolet radiation measurement 14

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Natural pigment sensor for solar ultraviolet radiation measu...

Organic and Hybrid Sensors and Bioelectronics XIV 2021

作者： Castillo, D. Sánchez, A. González, J. Chamba, C. Lakshminarayanan, Vasudevan Chemistry Department Universidad Tecnica Particular de Loja Ap. 11-01-608 Loja Ecuador Theoretical and Experimental Epistemology Lab School of Optometry and Vision Science University of Waterloo ON Canada Departments of Physics Electrical and Computer Engineering and Systems Design Engineering University of Waterloo ON Canada

ISBN: (数字)9781510644595

ISBN: (纸本)9781510644588

The ultraviolet (UV) index is an international standard measure of the strength of solar ultraviolet radiation on the earth's surface at a specific place and time. Solar radiation with a high UV index can produce damage to the skin and eye (photoaging and photokeratitis). The levels of UV radiation are commonly detected using silicon-based optoelectronic sensors, which can be expensive. Here we propose a way to measure the UV index using natural organic pigments which fluoresce when exposed to UV radiation. In combination with an optical fiber, we have built a prototype sensor based on the pigment of turmeric or "Curcuma Longa". Curcuma longa fluoresces in the range of 500 to 680 nm when exposed to UV radiation. The system uses a filter to isolate the sunlight UV component. The sensor measures the variation in fluorescence intensity using a light dependent resistor to determine radiation levels and correlate it with the UV index. The sensor has been tested in Loja, Ecuador which is located at the equator (UV levels can reach up to 20.0 at the equator). When compared to a standard commercially available sensor (ML8511/LAPIS Semiconductor) this prototype has an error of ± 2.8%. We will describe the optical design and present measurements made with this novel inexpensive sensor. © 2021 SPIE.

关键词： Fluorescence

KADEL: Knowledge-Aware Denoising Learning for Commit Message Generation

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Tao, Wei Zhou, Yucheng Wang, Yanlin Zhang, Hongyu Wang, Haofen Zhang, Wenqiang Shanghai Engineering Research Center of AI and Robotics Academy for Engineering and Technology Fudan University Shanghai China State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City Department of Computer and Information Science University of Macau China School of Software Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Guangdong Zhuhai519082 China School of Big Data and Software Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing China College of Design and Innovation Tongji University Shanghai China Engineering Research Center of AI and Robotics Ministry of Education Academy for Engineering and Technology Shanghai Key Lab of Intelligent Information Processing School of Computer Science Fudan University 220 Handan Road Shanghai200433 China

Commit messages are natural language descriptions of code changes, which are important for software evolution such as code understanding and maintenance. However, previous methods are trained on the entire dataset without considering the fact that a portion of commit messages adhere to good practice (i.e., good-practice commits), while the rest do not. On the basis of our empirical study, we discover that training on good-practice commits significantly contributes to the commit message generation. Motivated by this finding, we propose a novel knowledge-aware denoising learning method called KADEL. Considering that good-practice commits constitute only a small proportion of the dataset, we align the remaining training samples with these good-practice commits. To achieve this, we propose a model that learns the commit knowledge by training on good-practice commits. This knowledge model enables supplementing more information for training samples that do not conform to good practice. However, since the supplementary information may contain noise or prediction errors, we propose a dynamic denoising training method. This method composes a distribution-aware confidence function and a dynamic distribution list, which enhances the effectiveness of the training process. Experimental results on the whole MCMD dataset demonstrate that our method overall achieves state-of-the-art performance compared with previous methods. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Sampling

Virtual Reality in Manufacturing Education: A Scoping Review Indicating State-of-the-Art, Benefits, and Challenges Across Domains, Levels, and Entities

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Ipsita, Ananya Kaki, Ramesh Liu, Ziyi Patel, Mayank Duan, Runlin Deshpande, Lakshmi Yuan, Lin-Ping Lowell, Victoria Maharaj, Ashok Peppler, Kylie Feiner, Steven Ramani, Karthik School of Mechanical Engineering Purdue University West LafayetteIN47907 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani Hyderabad Campus Telangana Hyderabad500078 India School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University West LafayetteIN47907 United States Learning Design and Technology Purdue University West LafayetteIN47907 United States Department of Computer Science Columbia University New YorkNY10027 United States School of Information and Computer Sciences University of California IrvineCA92697 United States School of Education University of California IrvineCA92697 United States Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong TCS Avapresence- Spatial Intelligence Lab

To address the shortage of a skilled workforce in the U.S. manufacturing industry, immersive Virtual Reality (VR)-based training solutions hold promising potential. To effectively utilize VR to meet workforce demands, it is important to understand the role of VR in manufacturing education. Therefore, we conduct a scoping review in the field. As a first step, we used a 5W1H (What, Where, Who, When, Why, How) formula as a problem-solving approach to define a comprehensive taxonomy that can consider the role of VR from all relevant possibilities. Our taxonomy categorizes VR applications across three key aspects: (1) Domains, (2) Levels, and (3) Entities. Using a systematic literature search and analysis, we reviewed 108 research articles to find the current state, benefits, challenges, and future opportunities of VR in the field. It was found that VR has been explored in a variety of areas and provides numerous benefits to learners. Despite these benefits, its adoption in manufacturing education is limited. This review discusses the identified barriers and provides actionable insights to address them. These insights can enable the widespread usage of immersive technology to nurture and develop a workforce equipped with the skills required to excel in the evolving landscape of manufacturing. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Virtual environments

Dynamic MIMO Architecture design for Near-Field Communications

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Zhang, Zheng Liu, Yuanwei Wang, Zhaolin Chen, Jian Quek, Tony Q.S. The School of Telecommunications Engineering Xidian University Xi’an710071 China The School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Queen Mary University of London LondonE1 4NS United Kingdom The Singapore University of Technology and Design 487372 Singapore The Yonsei Frontier Lab Yonsei University Korea Republic of

A novel dynamic hybrid beamforming architecture is proposed to achieve the spatial multiplexing-power consumption tradeoff for near-field multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) networks, where each radio frequency (RF) chain is connected to each antenna using a couple of independent phase shifters to reduce the number of required RF chains. Based on this architecture, an optimization problem is formulated that maximizes the sum of achievable rates while minimizing the hardware power consumption. Both continuous and discrete phase shifters are considered. 1) For continuous phase shifters, a weighted minimum mean-square error-based two-stage (WMMSE-TS) algorithm is proposed, where the same performance as the optimal fully-digital beamformer can be achieved by the proposed hybrid beamformer even if number of RF chains equals the number of data streams. 2) For discrete phase shifters, a penalty-based layered iterative (PLI) algorithm is proposed. The closed-form analog and baseband digital beamformers are derived in each iteration. Simulation results demonstrate that: 1) the proposed dynamic beamforming architecture outperforms the conventional fixed hybrid beamforming architecture in terms of spatial multiplexing-power consumption tradeoff, and 2) the proposed algorithms achieve better performance than the other baseline schemes. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Beamforming

Rethinking Client Drift in Federated Learning: A Logit Perspective

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Yan, Yunlu Feng, Chun-Mei Ye, Mang Zuo, Wangmeng Li, Ping Goh, Rick Siow Mong Zhu, Lei Chen, C.L. Philip Guangzhou Nansha511400 China The Institute of High Performance Computing A*STAR Singapore138632 Singapore The Hubei Luojia Laboratory National Engineering Research Center for Multimedia Software School of Computer Science Wuhan University Wuhan430072 China The School of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin130407 China The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong The Department of Computing the School of Design The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong The School of Computer Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou510006 China The Pazhou Lab Guangzhou510335 China

Federated Learning (FL) enables multiple clients to collaboratively learn in a distributed way, allowing for privacy protection. However, the real-world non-IID data will lead to client drift which degrades the performance of FL. Interestingly, we find that the difference in logits between the local and global models increases as the model is continuously updated, thus seriously deteriorating FL performance. This is mainly due to catastrophic forgetting caused by data heterogeneity between clients. To alleviate this problem, we propose a new algorithm, named FedCSD, a Class prototype Similarity Distillation in a federated framework to align the local and global models. FedCSD does not simply transfer global knowledge to local clients, as an undertrained global model cannot provide reliable knowledge, i.e., class similarity information, and its wrong soft labels will mislead the optimization of local models. Concretely, FedCSD introduces a class prototype similarity distillation to align the local logits with the refined global logits that are weighted by the similarity between local logits and the global prototype. To enhance the quality of global logits, FedCSD adopts an adaptive mask to filter out the terrible soft labels of the global models, thereby preventing them to mislead local optimization. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superiority of our method over the state-of-the-art federated learning approaches in various heterogeneous settings. The source code will be released. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Distillation

A Novel Sparse Adaptive Filter for Suppressing Impulsive Disturbance in Audio Signals

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SSRN

SSRN 2024年

作者： Zhou, Lei Liu, Hongqing Gan, Lu Zhou, Yi Niedźwiecki, Maciej Truong, Trieu-Kien School of Communications and Information Engineering Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications Chongqing400065 China Chongqing Key Lab of Mobile Communications Technology and Intelligent Speech and Audio Research Lab Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications Chongqing400065 China College of Engineering Design and Physical Science Brunel University LondonUB8 3PH United Kingdom Department of Automatic Control Faculty of Electronics Telecommunications and Computer Science Gdansk University of Technology Gdansk80-233 Poland Department of Information Engineering I-Shou University 84001 Taiwan

This work studies the sparse adaptive filter designs in the presence of impulsive disturbance for audio signal recovery. By using the sparse representation of desired signal and compressibility of impulsive disturbance, a joint sparse least mean p-norm (JSLMP) optimization, in which p-norm (1 ≤ p ≤ 2) measures the data fidelity and q-norm (0 ≤ q ≤ 1) enforces sparse solutions, is developed, termed as q-JSLMP. The filter weights update is derived based on the gradient descent, and the Adam and variable step size (VSS) are integrated to accelerate convergence and avoid potential local minima. In the special case of q = 1, namely 1-JSLMP, its convergence condition and mean square deviation (MSD) analysis are derived. Finally, the frame of application to corrupted audio signals is designed. The results from experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms other approaches in terms of objective measures on numerical simulation and speech datasets. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Adaptive filters

Transformation from System design Models in SysML to Executable IEC 61499 Function Block Models 6

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Transformation from System Design Models in SysML to Executa...

6th International Conference on Control, Robotics and Cybernetics, CRC 2021

作者： Cao, Yue Liu, Yusheng Huang, Bo Huang, Ganming Ye, Xiaoping Zhejiang University of Technology College of Computer Science and Technology Hangzhou China Zhejiang University State Key Lab. of CADCG Hangzhou China Digital Twin Shanghai Key Laboratory of Aircraft Engine China Lishui University College of Engineering and Design Lishui China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665424370

designing automation systems requires a joint effort from different domains including the control software and controlled plants. System design is the foundation of the discipline-specific design processes and hence its verification is critical to the success of the whole project. Transforming system design models to simulation models is a common method for system verification. IEC 61499 Function Block (FB) is a feasible target simulation modeling language because of its executable specification nature. However, existing approaches can only generate initial control design from SysML models, which means the generated FB models are not executable. In this study, an approach to transform SysML design models into executable FB models is proposed. First, the execution semantics of hybrid automaton (HA) and execution control chart (ECC), which are the behavior modeling formalisms of SysML and IEC 61499, respectively is analyzed. Then, their semantic similarities and differences are identified. Finally, transformation rules to tackle the semantic differences are proposed so that the missing execution details of FB models can be automatically generated. A CNC bending machine is used as a case study to illustrate the proposed approach. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Systems analysis

Models to Identify Small Brain White Matter Hyperintensities Lesions

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SSRN

SSRN 2024年

作者： Castillo, Darwin Rodríguez-Álvarez, María José Samaniego, R. Lakshminarayanan, Vasudevan Departamento de Química Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja LojaAp. 11-01-608 Ecuador Valencia Spain Departmento de Radiología Hospital UTPL Loja Ecuador Theoretical and Experimental Epistemology Lab School of Optometry and Vision Science University of Waterloo ON Canada Department of Physics Electrical and Computer Engineering and Systems Design Engineering University of Waterloo ON Canada

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), peripheral and central neurological disorders affect approximately one billion people worldwide. Ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's Disease, and other dementias are the second and fifth leading causes of death, respectively. In this context, detecting and classifying brain lesions constitute a critical area of research in medical imaging processing, significantly impacting both clinical practice and scientific advancement. This project aims to develop and implement deep learning models for detecting and classifying small brain White Matter hyperintensities (WMH) lesions in magnetic resonance images (MRI), specifically lesions concerning ischemic and demyelination diseases. The methods applied to segmentation were the UNet, Segmenting Anything model (SAM), YOLOV8, and Detectron2 (based on MaskRCNN). Experimental results show a Dice coefficient (DSC) of 0.94, 0.50,0.241,0.88 for segmentation of WMH lesion using the UNet, SAM, YOLOv8, and Detectron2, respectively. The Detectron2 model demonstrated an accuracy of 0.98 in detecting and 0.93 in classifying lesions, including small lesions where other models often fail. In conclusion, the methods developed give an outline to detect, segment, and classify small brain lesions, and that could significantly aid clinical diagnostics, providing reliable support for physicians and improving patient outcomes. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging

Fictional Worlds, Real Connections: Developing Community Storytelling Social Chatbots through LLMs

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Sun, Yuqian Wang, Hanyi Chan, Pok Man Tabibi, Morteza Zhang, Yan Lu, Huan Chen, Yuheng Lee, Chang Hee Asadipour, Ali Computer Science Research Centre Royal College of Art United Kingdom United States Hong Kong Rct.ai United States China Affective Systems and Cognition Lab Industrial Design Department College of Engineering KAIST United Kingdom Royal College of Art United Kingdom

We address the integration of storytelling and Large Language Models (LLMs) to develop engaging and believable Social Chatbots (SCs) in community settings. Motivated by the potential of fictional characters to enhance social interactions, we introduce Storytelling Social Chatbots (SSCs) and the concept of story engineering to transform fictional game characters into "live" social entities within player communities. Our story engineering process includes three steps: (1) Character and story creation, defining the SC's personality and worldview, (2) Presenting Live Stories to the Community, allowing the SC to recount challenges and seek suggestions, and (3) Communication with community members, enabling interaction between the SC and users. We employed the LLM GPT-3 to drive our SSC prototypes, "David" and "Catherine," and evaluated their performance in an online gaming community, "DE (Alias)," on Discord. Our mixed-method analysis, based on questionnaires (N=15) and interviews (N=8) with community members, reveals that storytelling significantly enhances the engagement and believability of SCs in community settings. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Developing countries