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Brain tumor segmentation and classification using transfer learning based CNN model with model agnostic concept interpretation

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第5期84卷 2509-2538页

作者： Nancy, A. Maria Maheswari, R. School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu Chennai632014 India

In recent decades, brain tumors have been regarded as a severe illness that causes significant damage to the health of the individual, and finally it results to death. Hence, the Brain Tumor Segmentation and Classification (BTSC) has gained more attention among researcher communities. BTSC is the process of finding brain tumor tissues and classifying the tissues based on the tumor types. Manual tumor segmentation from is prone to error and a time-consuming task. A precise and fast BTSC model is developed in this manuscript based on a transfer learning-based Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) model. The utilization of a variant of CNN is because of its superiority in distinct tasks. In the initial phase, the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) brain images are acquired from the Brain Tumor Image Segmentation Challenge (BRATS) 2019, 2020 and 2021 databases. Then the image augmentation is performed on the gathered images by using zoom-in, rotation, zoom-out, flipping, scaling, and shifting methods that effectively reduce overfitting issues in the classification model. The augmented images are segmented using the layers of the Visual-Geometry-Group (VGG-19) model. Then feature extraction using An Attribute Aware Attention (AWA) methodology is carried out on the segmented images following the segmentation block in the VGG-19 model. The crucial features are then selected using the attribute category reciprocal attention phase. These features are inputted to the Model Agnostic Concept Extractor (MACE) to generate the relevance score between the features for assisting in the final classification process. The obtained relevance scores from the MACE are provided to the max-pooling layer of the VGG-19 model. Then, the final classified output is obtained from the modified VGG-19 architecture. The implemented Relevance score with the AWA-based VGG-19 model is used to classify the tumor as the whole tumor, enhanced tumor, and tumor core. In the classification section, the proposed

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging

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Advancing differential diagnosis: a comprehensive review of deep learning approaches for differentiating tuberculosis, pneumonia, and COVID-19

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第13期84卷 11871-11906页

作者： Kansal, Kajal Chandra, Tej Bahadur Singh, Akansha School of Computer Science Engineering and Technology Bennett University Uttar Pradesh Greater Noida India

In the realm of medical diagnostics, particularly in differential diagnosis, where differentiating between illnesses or ailments with comparable symptoms is essential, deep learning has gained importance. Recent developments in deep learning have demonstrated considerable promise for revolutionizing medical diagnostics by using the ability of artificial intelligence (AI) to accurately interpret radiological images. We examine the most cutting-edge deep learning techniques currently being utilized for the differential diagnosis of tuberculosis, pneumonia, and COVID-19 in this in-depth review. The study presents an in-depth critical review of several SOTA (state-of-the-art) studies used for differential diagnosis of different respiratory abnormalities like TB, Pneumonia, and COVID-19. In addition, an overview of various approaches, datasets employed in each method, various diagnosis tests, used assessment measures, and obtained performance is summarized and comprehensively compared to assist future research. We suggest a pathway for future research and development of deep learning solutions for differential diagnosis by critically analyzing the current literature and outlining the limitations and potential in this sector. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： COVID-19

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Data Secure Storage Mechanism for IIoT Based on Blockchain

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 4029-4048页

作者： Jin Wang Guoshu Huang R.Simon Sherratt Ding Huang Jia Ni School of Computer Science and Mathematics Fujian University of TechnologyFuzhou350118China School of Computer&Communication Engineering Changsha University of Science&TechnologyChangsha410004China School of Systems Engineering The University of ReadingReadingRG66AYUK School of Computer Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China

With the development of Industry 4.0 and big data technology,the Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT)is hampered by inherent issues such as privacy,security,and fault tolerance,which pose certain challenges to the rapid development of *** technology has immutability,decentralization,and autonomy,which can greatly improve the inherent defects of the *** the traditional blockchain,data is stored in a Merkle *** data continues to grow,the scale of proofs used to validate it grows,threatening the efficiency,security,and reliability of blockchain-based ***,this paper first analyzes the inefficiency of the traditional blockchain structure in verifying the integrity and correctness of *** solve this problem,a new Vector Commitment(VC)structure,Partition Vector Commitment(PVC),is proposed by improving the traditional VC ***,this paper uses PVC instead of the Merkle tree to store big data generated by *** can improve the efficiency of traditional VC in the process of commitment and ***,this paper uses PVC to build a blockchain-based IIoT data security storage mechanism and carries out a comparative analysis of *** mechanism can greatly reduce communication loss and maximize the rational use of storage space,which is of great significance for maintaining the security and stability of blockchain-based IIoT.

关键词： Blockchain IIoT data storage cryptographic commitment

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BanijyaPrayukti: E-Commerce Recommendation Engine for Sustainable Products 7

BanijyaPrayukti: E-Commerce Recommendation Engine for Sustai...

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7th IET Smart Cities Symposium, SCS 2023

作者： Pradhan, Aditya Ghosh, Amartya Mondal, Rintu Saxena, Kumar Abhi Dutta, P.K. Mitra, Anirban Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Amity School of Engineering and Technology Kolkata Kolkata India Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering Amity School of Engineering and Technology Kolkata Kolkata India

ISBN: (纸本)9781839539831

The rapid growth of e-commerce has revolutionized the way businesses operate and interact with customers. E- commerce has revolutionized the way businesses operate, making it easier than ever to reach customers and sell products. However, with this convenience comes a challenge: how can we promote sustainable products and encourage consumers to make eco- friendly choices? The primary objective of this project is to pro- mote sustainability by utilizing artificial intelligence techniques in recommending eco-friendly alternatives. Our goal is to provide users with recommendations on sustainable products based on their shopping history, behavior patterns, and demographic information. The system continuously learns from user interactions, enabling it to provide increasingly accurate and personalized recommendations over time. © The Institution of engineering & technology 2023.

关键词： Electronic commerce

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Central Attention Mechanism for Convolutional Neural Networks

IAENG International Journal of Computer Science

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IAENG International Journal of computer science 2024年第10期51卷 1642-1648页

作者： Geng, Y.X. Wang, L. Wang, Z.Y. Wang, Y.G. School of Computer Science and Software Engineering University of Science and Technology Liaoning Anshan114051 China School of Computer Science and Software Engineering University of Science and Technology Liaoning Anshan114051 China Automation Design Institute Metallurgical Engineering Technology Co. Ltd. Dalian116000 China

Model performance has been significantly enhanced by channel attention. The average pooling procedure creates skewness, lowering the performance of the network architecture. In the channel attention approach, average pooling is used to collect feature information to provide representative values. By leveraging the central limit theorem, we hypothesize that the strip-shaped average pooling operation will generate a one-dimensional tensor by considering the spatial position information of the feature map. The resulting tensor, obtained through average pooling, serves as the representative value for the features, mitigating skewness during the process. By incorporating the concept of the central limit theorem into the channel attention operation process, this study introduces a novel attention mechanism known as the"Central Attention Mechanism (CAM)." Instead of directly using average pooling to generate channel representative values, the central attention approach employs star-stripe average pooling to normalize multiple feature representative values into a single representative value. In this way, strip-shaped average pooling can be utilized to collect data and generate a one-dimensional tensor, while star-stripe average pooling can provide feature representative values based on different spatial directions. To generate channel attention for the complementary input features, the activation of the feature representation value is performed for each channel. Our attention approach is flexible and can be seamlessly incorporated into various traditional network structures. Through rigorous testing, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our attention strategy, which can be applied to a wide range of computer vision applications and outperforms previous attention techniques. © (2024), (International Association of Engineers). All rights reserved.

关键词： Tensors

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Deepfakes: A New Era of Misinformation 4th

Deepfakes: A New Era of Misinformation

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4th International Conference on Computing, Communications, and Cyber-Security, IC4S 2022

作者： Khan, Rushan Hazela, Bramah Singh, Shikha Asthana, Pallavi Department of Computer Science and Engineering Amity School of Engineering and Technology Lucknow Amity University Uttar Pradesh Lucknow India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Amity School of Engineering and Technology Lucknow Amity University Uttar Pradesh Lucknow India

ISBN: (纸本)9789819914784

The world that we live in today is flooded with information from sources that sometimes are true and sometimes are not. Just a simple change of narrative on the same thing might drastically change people’s opinions. With fabricated media already rampant, a new player has emerged in the synthetic media industry which goes by the name of "deepfake" which is a type of fabricated video made using deep learning, accurate to such an extent that it is sometimes impossible to differentiate the real video from the fake. The paper evaluates information from various sources and then expresses in a non-complex manner, the technical details of deepfakes, it’s formal definitions, an overview of the impact that it has had on the world till now, the technical process of making it also explaining the technical concepts in the process, and lastly the chapter talks about how some technical indicators that we can notice to spot deepfake videos, their place in today’s world and their legality is also talked about. This paper serves as the review of the technical details that we have about deepfake vides and then expresses the essential technical details about it in an organized, articulate, and an easy-to-understand manner. For people interested in making their own deepfakes, the chapter serves as an efficient starting point, by explaining the procedure in a simple yet technical way, and by explaining the tools that are required to make deepfake videos and how to use them. The paper might also serve as a way of spreading awareness about deepfakes and what the average person can do from his or her side to identify deepfake videos. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Deep learning

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Multi-objective Cluster-head-based Energy-aware Routing using a Separable Convolution Neural Network in a Wireless Sensor Network

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IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing 2024年第2期13卷 105-112页

作者： Ather, Danish Mary, J. Prisca Singh, Pooja Garg, Kanika Priyadharshini, T.R. Princy, B. Anni Tiwari, Mohit Department of IT and Engineering Amity University in Tashkent Uzbekistan Department of Computer Science and Engineering NPR College of Engineering and Technology Tamil Nadu Dindigul India Department of Physics Faculty of Science SGT University Haryana Gurugram India Department of Computer Science and Engineering SRM Institute of Science and Technology NCR Campus Ghaziabad Modinagar India Department of Information Technology Hindusthan College of Engineering and Technology Pollachi main road Coimbatore India Department of Computer and Communication Panimalar Engineering College Tamil Nadu Chennai India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College of Engineering Delhi India

Wireless sensor network (WSN) applications are added day by day owing to numerous global uses (by the military, for monitoring the atmosphere, in disaster relief, and so on). Here, trust management is a main challenge. Sensor nodes are important in wireless sensor networks, but they are easily depleted because of their short lifespan from continuous sensing activity and low battery capacity. So efficient energy utilization is a challenging task in a WSN. To minimize energy loss, clustering with an optimum path selection process is needed to retain energy in sensor nodes. This manuscript proposes multi-objective Pelican Optimization Algorithm (POA) routing to maintain energy efficiency and minimize transmission distances in wireless sensor networks. A cluster head (CH) is selected by using a Separable Convolution Neural Network (SCNN). Simulation outcomes prove the proposed technique attains 22.3% and 25.04% improvements in energy consumption when compared to the Multi-Objective CH Energy-aware Optimized Routing Approach at WSN (MOCH-EORA-WSN) and Multiple Optimum Cluster Head Multi-Objective Grasshopper Optimization with Harmony-search at WSN (MOCH-MOGOH-WSN), respectively. © 2024 Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea. All rights reserved.

关键词： Energy utilization

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Exploring diversity and time-aware recommendations: an LSTM-DNN model with novel bidirectional dynamic time warping algorithm

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Soft Computing 2025年第4期29卷 2003-2013页

作者： Li, Te Chen, Liqiong Sun, Huaiying Hou, Mengxia Lei, Yunjie Zhi, Kaiwen School of Computer and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Meilong road Shanghai200237 China School of Computer Science and Information Engineering Shanghai Institute of Technology Haiquan road Shanghai201400 China School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shanghai Institute of Technology Haiquan road Shanghai201400 China

With the advent of the Web 3.0 era, the amount and types of data in the network have sharply increased, and the application scenarios of recommendation algorithms are continuously expanding. Location recommendation has gradually become one of the popular application scenarios in recommendation algorithms. Traditional recommendation algorithms not only ignore the temporal attribute of data when recommending information to users, but also blindly pursue the recommendation accuracy, which will cause certain "information cocoon room" problems. Therefore, this article treats user historical data as a time series and proposes an LSTM-DNN model based on the novel bidirectional Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) algorithm. Firstly, in response to the issue of different users consuming different amounts of information, this article proposes a novel bidirectional DTW algorithm to calculate the similarity between different users. Secondly, this article supplements the user dataset from three perspectives: "utilization" and "exploration" of information, and spatiotemporal attributes of data, which alleviates the problem of data sparsity and cold start in the dataset to a certain extent. Moreover, it effectively enhances the diversity of recommendation results. Finally, this paper constructs an Long Short-Term Memory-Deep Neural Networks (LSTM-DNN) to dynamically obtain user interests and preferences, and proposes a new metric Cumulative Self-System Diversity (CSSD) to measure the diversity of algorithm recommendation results. Experiments have shown that the model effectively enhances the diversity of recommendation results while ensuring recommendation accuracy. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Time series

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Transforming the electrical grid: the role of AI in advancing smart, sustainable, and secure energy systems

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Energy Informatics 2025年第1期8卷 1-43页

作者： Rajaperumal, T.A. Columbus, C. Christopher School of Electrical Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu Chennai India School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu Chennai India

The evolution of the electrical grid from its early centralized structure to today’s advanced "smart grid" reflects significant technological progress. Early grids, designed for simple power delivery from large plants to consumers, faced challenges in efficiency, reliability, and scalability. Over time, the grid has transformed into a decentralized network driven by innovative technologies, particularly artificial intelligence (AI). AI has become instrumental in enhancing efficiency, security, and resilience by enabling real-time data analysis, predictive maintenance, demand-response optimization, and automated fault detection, thereby improving overall operational efficiency. This paper examines the evolution of the electrical grid, tracing its transition from early limitations to the methodologies adopted in present smart grids for addressing those challenges. Current smart grids leverage AI to optimize energy management, predict faults, and seamlessly integrate electric vehicles (EVs), reducing transmission losses and improving performance. However, these advancements are not without limitations. Present grids remain vulnerable to cyberattacks, necessitating the adoption of more robust methodologies and advanced technologies for future grids. Looking forward, emerging technologies such as Digital Twin (DT) models, the Internet of Energy (IoE), and decentralized grid management are set to redefine grid architectures. These advanced technologies enable real-time simulations, adaptive control, and enhanced human–machine collaboration, supporting dynamic energy distribution and proactive risk management. Integrating AI with advanced energy storage, renewable resources, and adaptive access control mechanisms will ensure future grids are resilient, sustainable, and responsive to growing energy demands. This study emphasizes AI’s transformative role in addressing the challenges of the early grid, enhancing the capabilities of the present smart grid, and shaping a secure

关键词： Risk management

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Imbalanced multilabel retinal disease classification using threshold moving and ensemble learning

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-19页

作者： Pendharkar, Gaurav Balaji, Sudharshanan Kumar, B. Muhesh Malathi, G. School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu Chennai600127 India

Billions of people worldwide are affected by vision impairment majorly caused due to age-related degradation and refractive errors. Diabetic Retinopathy(DR) and Macular Hole(MH) are among the most prevalent senescent retinal diseases. Machine Intelligence can assist ophthalmologists and clinicians in fast and accurate disease diagnosis by identifying patterns in disease progression for a better healthcare system. In this paper, the Retinal Fundus Multi-disease Image Dataset (RFMiD) is used to design a machine intelligence system with two chief components namely a disease risk classifier, and a multi-label classifier. The disease risk classifier predicts whether the retinal fundus image is infected or not. Based on the prediction of the disease risk classifier, a multi-label classifier can be applied to obtain probabilities for the susceptibility to DR and MH. Finally, an ensemble is employed with the best of 3 models for each classifier. The disease riskpredictor attained a peak F1-score of 88%, while the multi-label classifier achieved an Area Under the Curve(AUC) score of 86%. However, the individual binary classifiers for DR and MH reached maximum F-scores of 91% and 93%, respectively. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Risk perception

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