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Unsupervised machine learning approach for tailoring educational content to individual student weaknesses

High-Confidence Computing 2024年第4期4卷 91-104页

作者： Shabab Intishar Rahman Shadman Ahmed Tasnim Akter Fariha Ammar Mohammad Muhammad Nayeem Mubasshirul Haque Sriram Chellappan Jannatun Noor Department of Computer Science and Engineering BRAC UniversityDhaka 1212Bangladesh Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of South FloridaFL 33620USA Computing for Sustainability and Social Good(C2SG)Research Group Department of Computer Science and EngineeringSchool of Data and SciencesBRAC UniversityDhaka 1212Bangladesh

By analyzing data gathered through Online Learning(OL)systems,data mining can be used to unearth hidden relationships between topics and trends in student ***,in this paper,we show how data mining techniques such as clustering and association rule algorithms can be used on historical data to develop a unique recommendation system *** our implementation,we utilize historical data to generate association rules specifically for student test marks below a threshold of 60%.By focusing on marks below this threshold,we aim to identify and establish associations based on the patterns of weakness observed in the past ***,we leverage K-means clustering to provide instructors with visual representations of the generated *** strategy aids instructors in better comprehending the information and associations produced by the *** clustering helps visualize and organize the data in a way that makes it easier for instructors to analyze and gain insights,enabling them to support the verification of the relationship between *** can be a useful tool to deliver better feedback to students as well as provide better insights to instructors when developing their *** paper further shows a prototype implementation of the above-mentioned concepts to gain opinions and insights about the usability and viability of the proposed system.

关键词： Recommendation system Clustering F-P growth Apriori Associative pattern E-learning sphere Online learning

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IoT-Based Indoor Air Quality Management System for Intelligent Education Environments

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第11期12卷 18031-18041页

作者： Rosa-Bilbao, Jesus Butt, Fatima Sajid Merkl, David Wagner, Matthias F. Schafer, Jorg Boubeta-Puig, Juan University of Cadiz Department of Computer Science and Engineering Cádiz11519 Spain University of Cadiz School of Engineering Cádiz11519 Spain Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences FB2 Computer Science and Engineering Frankfurt60318 Germany

One of the leading causes of early health detriment is the increasing levels of air pollution in major cities and eventually in indoor spaces. Monitoring the air quality effectively in closed spaces like educational institutes and hospitals can improve both the health and the life quality of the occupants. In this article, we propose an efficient indoor air quality (IAQ) monitoring and management system, which uses a combination of cutting-edge technologies to monitor and predict major air pollutants like CO2, PM2.5, TVOCs, and other factors like temperature and humidity. The aim is to create an intelligent environment for IAQ. The data is captured and monitored using an Internet of Things network of sensors, manufactured by ourselves, in different lecture rooms at the university. The obtained data is then processed and correlated in real time using a complex event processing engine and analyzed by machine/deep learning algorithms. A long short-term memory neural network is proposed to forecast IAQ. Then a decision tree regressor is used to identify the relationships between temperature, humidity and different pollutants like CO2 and PM2.5. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Indoor air pollution

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Modeling Long- and Short-Term Service Recommendations with a Deep Multi-Interest Network for Edge Computing

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Tsinghua science and Technology 2024年第1期29卷 86-98页

作者： Rui Yuan Shunmei Meng Ruihan Dou Xinna Wang Department of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210056China Faculty of Mathematics University of WaterlooWaterloo N2L 3G1Canada

Edge computing platforms enable application developers and content providers to provide context-aware services(such as service recommendations)using real-time wireless access network *** to recommend the most suitable candidate from these numerous available services is an urgent ***-through rate(CTR)prediction is a core task of traditional service ***,many existing service recommender systems do not exploit user mobility for prediction,particularly in an edge computing *** this paper,we propose a model named long and short-term user preferences modeling with a multi-interest network based on user *** uses a logarithmic network to capture multiple interests in different fields,enriching the representations of user short-term *** terms of long-term preferences,users'comprehensive preferences are extracted in different periods and are fused using a nonlocal *** experiments on three datasets demonstrate that our model relying on user mobility can substantially improve the accuracy of service recommendation in edge computing compared with the state-of-the-art models.

关键词： recommender system logarithmic network nonlocal network

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Amalgamation of Classical and Large Language Models for Duplicate Bug Detection:A Comparative Study

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第4期83卷 435-453页

作者： Sai Venkata Akhil Ammu Sukhjit Singh Sehra Sumeet Kaur Sehra Jaiteg Singh Department of Physics and Computer Science Wilfrid Laurier UniversityWaterlooN2L 3C5Canada Appilied Computer Science and Information Technology Conestoga CollegeWaterlooN2J 2W2Canada Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara UniversityPunjab140401India

Duplicate bug reporting is a critical problem in the software repositories’mining *** bug reports can lead to redundant efforts,wasted resources,and delayed software ***,their accurate identification is essential for streamlining the bug triage process mining *** researchers have explored classical information retrieval,natural language processing,text and data mining,and machine learning *** emergence of large language models(LLMs)(ChatGPT and Huggingface)has presented a new line of models for semantic textual similarity(STS).Although LLMs have shown remarkable advancements,there remains a need for longitudinal studies to determine whether performance improvements are due to the scale of the models or the unique embeddings they produce compared to classical encoding *** study systematically investigates this issue by comparing classical word embedding techniques against LLM-based embeddings for duplicate bug *** this study,we have proposed an amalgamation of models to detect duplicate bug reports using textual and non-textual information about bug *** empirical evaluation has been performed on the open-source datasets and evaluated based on established metrics using the mean reciprocal rank(MRR),mean average precision(MAP),and recall *** experimental results have shown that combined LLMs can outperform(recall-rate@k 68%–74%)other individual=models for duplicate bug *** findings highlight the effectiveness of amalgamating multiple techniques in improving the duplicate bug report detection accuracy.

关键词： Duplicate bug detection large language models information retrieval

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A Hybrid CNN-Brown-Bear Optimization Framework for Enhanced Detection of URL Phishing Attacks

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第12期81卷 4853-4874页

作者： Brij B.Gupta Akshat Gaurav Razaz Waheeb Attar Varsha Arya Shavi Bansal Ahmed Alhomoud Kwok Tai Chui Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Asia UniversityTaichung413TaiwanChina Computer Engineering Ronin InstituteMontclairNJ 07043USA Management Department College of Business AdministrationPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadh11671Saudi Arabia Department of Business Administration Asia UniversityTaichung413TaiwanChina Department of Research and Innovation Insights2TechinfoJaipur302001India Department of Computer Science College of ScienceNorthern Border UniversityArar91431Saudi Arabia Department of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Hong Kong Metropolitan University(HKMU)Hong KongChina

Phishing attacks are more than two-decade-old attacks that attackers use to steal passwords related to financial *** the first reported incident in 1995,its impact keeps on ***,during COVID-19,due to the increase in digitization,there is an exponential increase in the number of victims of phishing *** deep learning and machine learning techniques are available to detect phishing ***,most of the techniques did not use efficient optimization *** this context,our proposed model used random forest-based techniques to select the best features,and then the Brown-Bear optimization algorithm(BBOA)was used to fine-tune the hyper-parameters of the convolutional neural network(CNN)*** test our model,we used a dataset from Kaggle comprising 11,000+*** addition to that,the dataset also consists of the 30 features that are extracted from the website uniform resource locator(URL).The target variable has two classes:“Safe”and“Phishing.”Due to the use of BBOA,our proposed model detects malicious URLs with an accuracy of 93%and a precision of 92%.In addition,comparing our model with standard techniques,such as GRU(Gated Recurrent Unit),LSTM(Long Short-Term Memory),RNN(Recurrent Neural Network),ANN(Artificial Neural Network),SVM(Support Vector Machine),and LR(Logistic Regression),presents the effectiveness of our proposed ***,the comparison with past literature showcases the contribution and novelty of our proposed model.

关键词： Phishing attack CNN brown-bear optimization

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MWRS: A MAB-based Worker Recruitment Scheme with Tripartite Stackelberg Game for Reliable Mobile Crowdsensing

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IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 2025年第7期24卷 5665-5680页

作者： Ouyang, Yan Zeng, Feng Xiong, Neal N. Liu, Anfeng Pedrycz, Witold School of Computer Science and Engineering Central South University Changsha410083 China Department of Computer Science and Mathematics Sul Ross State University AlpineTX79830 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alberta EdmontonABT6G 2R3 Canada Systems Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences Warsaw00-901 Poland Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Department of Computer Engineering Istinye University Istanbul Turkey Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering King Abdulaziz University Jeddah21589 Saudi Arabia

Mobile Crowdsensing (MCS) has emerged as a compelling paradigm for data sensing and collection, leveraging the widespread adoption of mobile devices and the active participation of numerous users. Despite its potential, MCS faces critical challenges, particularly in recruiting reliable workers and acquiring high-quality sensing data. Most existing approaches assume prior information on worker quality and are vulnerable to collusion attacks, especially having not comprehensively considered workers' reliability and stability. To address these problems, we propose a Multi-Armed Bandit (MAB) based Worker Recruitment Scheme (MWRS) integrated with the Tripartite Stackelberg Game (TSG) for MCS. Specifically, a trust evaluation and truth inference mechanism is introduced to assess the trustworthiness of workers through active truth detection. To enhance recruitment quality, we employ a trust-aware worker selection mechanism that utilizes a modified Upper Confidence Bound (UCB) algorithm, achieving an optimal balance between exploration and exploitation. Furthermore, the interactions among participants are modeled using a TSG framework, which formulates their respective payoffs to determine optimal decision-making strategies, thus achieving mutually beneficial outcomes. Extensive evaluations on real-world datasets demonstrate that our proposed scheme improves total quality by up to 30.8% and reduces regret by up to 80.3% compared to existing methods. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Decision making

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Fuzzy clustering for electric field characterization and its application to thunderstorm interpretability

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Digital Communications and Networks 2025年第2期11卷 299-307页

作者： Xu Yang Hongyan Xing Xinyuan Ji Wei Xu Witold Pedrycz School of Electronics and Information Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of AlbertaEdmonton AB T6G 2R3Canada Systems Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences00-901 WarsawPoland Department of Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Natural SciencesIstinye University34010 IstanbulTurkey

Changes in the Atmospheric Electric Field Signal(AEFS)are highly correlated with weather changes,especially with thunderstorm ***,little attention has been paid to the ambiguous weather information implicit in AEFS *** this paper,a Fuzzy C-Means(FCM)clustering method is used for the first time to develop an innovative approach to characterize the weather attributes carried by ***,a time series dataset is created in the time domain using AEFS *** AEFS-based weather is evaluated according to the time-series Membership Degree(MD)changes obtained by inputting this dataset into the ***,thunderstorm intensities are reflected by the change in distance from a thunderstorm cloud point charge to an AEF ***,a matching relationship is established between the normalized distance and the thunderstorm dominant MD in the space ***,the rationality and reliability of the proposed method are verified by combining radar charts and expert *** results confirm that this method accurately characterizes the weather attributes and changes in the AEFS,and a negative distance-MD correlation is obtained for the first *** detection of thunderstorm activity by AEF from the perspective of fuzzy set technology provides a meaningful guidance for interpretable thunderstorms.

关键词： Atmospheric electric field(AEF) Thunderstorm Fuzzy C-means(FCM) Attribute

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CbcErDL: Classification of breast cancer from mammograms using enhance image reduction and deep learning framework

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第15期84卷 15501-15526页

作者： Agrawal, Rohit Singh, Navneet Pratap Shelke, Nitin Arvind Tripathi, Kuldeep Narayan Singh, Ranjeet Kumar Department of Computer Science and Engineering Madhav Institute of Technology & Science Race Course Road MP Gwalior474005 India School of AI Bennett University Uttar Pradesh Greater Noida201310 India School of Computer Science and Engineering Bennett University TechZone 2 UP Greater Noida201310 India

Breast cancer is a major health concern for women worldwide, and early detection is vital to improve treatment outcomes. While existing techniques in mammogram classification have demonstrated promising results, their limitations become apparent when applied to larger datasets. The decline in performance with increased dataset size highlights the need for further research and advancements in the field to enhance the scalability and generalizability of these techniques. In this study, we propose a framework to classify breast cancer from mammograms using techniques such as mammogram enhancement, discrete cosine transform (DCT) dimensionality reduction, and deep convolutional neural network (DCNN). The first step is to improve the mammogram display to improve the visibility of key features and reduce noise. For this, we use 2-stage Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE). DCT is then used to enhance mammograms to reduce residual data. It can provide effective reduction while preserving important diagnostic information. In this way, we reduce the computational complexity and increase the results of subsequent classification algorithms. Finally, DCNN is used on size-reduced DCT coefficients to learn feature discrimination and classification of mammograms. DCNN architectures have been optimized with various techniques to improve their performance, including regularization and hyperparameter tuning. We perform experiments on the DDSM dataset, a large dataset containing approximately 55,000 mammogram images, and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. We assess the proposed model’s performance by computing the precision, recall, accuracy, F1-Score, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). We achieve Precision and Recall values of 0.929 and 0.963, respectively. The classification accuracy of the proposed models is 0.963. Moreover, the F1-Score and AUC values are 0.962 and 0.987, respectively. These results are better a

关键词： Discrete cosine transforms

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Enhancing Septic Shock Detection through Interpretable Machine Learning

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computer Modeling in engineering & sciences 2024年第12期141卷 2501-2525页

作者： Md Mahfuzur Rahman Md Solaiman Chowdhury Mohammad Shorfuzzaman Lutful Karim Md Shafiullah Farag Azzedin Department of Information and Computer Science King Fahd University of Petroleum and MineralsDhahran31261Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering North South UniversityDhaka1229Bangladesh Department of Computer Science Taif UniversityTaif21974Saudi Arabia College of Applied Arts and Technology Seneca PolytechnicTorontoM2J 2X5Canada Department of Control&Instrumentation Engineering King Fahd University of Petroleum and MineralsDhahran31261Saudi Arabia

This article presents an innovative approach that leverages interpretable machine learning models and cloud computing to accelerate the detection of septic shock by analyzing electronic health *** traditional methods,which often lack transparency in decision-making,our approach focuses on early detection,offering a proactive strategy to mitigate the risks of *** integrating advanced machine learning algorithms with interpretability techniques,our method not only provides accurate predictions but also offers clear insights into the factors influencing the model’s ***,we introduce a preference-based matching algorithm to evaluate disease severity,enabling timely interventions guided by the analysis *** innovative integration significantly enhances the effectiveness of our *** leverage a clinical health dataset comprising 1,552,210 Electronic Health Records(EHR)to train our interpretable machine learning models within a cloud computing *** techniques like feature importance analysis and model-agnostic interpretability tools,we aim to clarify the crucial indicators contributing to septic shock *** transparency not only assists healthcare professionals in comprehending the model’s predictions but also facilitates the integration of our system into existing clinical *** validate the effectiveness of our interpretable models using the same dataset,achieving an impressive accuracy rate exceeding 98%through the application of oversampling *** findings of this study hold significant implications for the advancement of more effective and transparent diagnostic tools in the critical domain of sepsis management.

关键词： Sepsis prediction machine learning cloud computing

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Enhancing the accuracy of prototype learning in road anomaly segmentation by adding adversarial perturbations to data

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年第18期83卷 55627-55640页

作者： Lin, Yu-Sian Lin, Chow-Sing Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National University of Tainan 33 Sec. 2 Su-Lin St. Tainan700 Taiwan

Regardless of how many classes a machine learning model had seen during the training procedure, it is inevitable that unexpected and unknown objects will appear during the testing procedure. Therefore, anomaly segmentation has become an important topic in machine learning, especially for life-critical machine learning applications such as self-driving cars. Recently, Prototypical Anomaly Segmentation (PAnS) was proposed for road anomaly segmentation through prototype learning. In the training procedure, the model extracts the class-prototypes by learning the pixel features of various objects in the image. In the testing procedure, the model identifies which pixels in the image belong to the unknown objects by comparing the features of test images with the class-prototypes. In the field of road anomaly segmentation, this model has achieved the state-of-the-art accuracy in the past. However, when using PAnS to perform anomaly segmentation on road scene images, some blocks of unknown objects in the images cannot be correctly identified as anomalies. When the model is used in self-driving car, it could wrongly classify the objects as part of the road and lead the self-driving car to crash. To solve the above problem, this paper proposes a deep neural network model named Adversarial Perturbation - Prototypical Anomaly Segmentation (AP-PAnS). We enhance the accuracy of prototype learning in road anomaly segmentation by adding adversarial perturbations to the data. In the testing procedure, the perturbation can have stronger effect on the unknown objects than that on known objects. Thus, the model can more accurately distinguish pixels from the known objects and the unknown objects in the images. Experiments on StreetHazards show that. AP-PAnS consistently outperforms the state-of-the-art model by a large margin. Our approach improves AUPR by 118%, AUROC by 4%, and reduces FPR95 by 34%, establishing a new state-of-the-art accuracy on road anomaly segmentation. © The Author

关键词： Anomaly detection

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