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spatial and temporal characterization of a Bessel beam produced using a conical mirror

Physical Review A 2009年第4期79卷 043802-043802页

作者： K. B. Kuntz B. Braverman s. H. Youn M. Lobino E. M. Pessina A. i. Lvovsky Institute for Quantum Information Science University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada T2N 1N4 Centre for Quantum Computer Technology School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering University College The University of New South Wales Canberra ACT 2600 Australia Department of Physics University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada M5S 1A7 Department of Physics Chonnam National University Gwangju 500-757 Korea Pirelli Labs Viale Sarca 336 20126 Milano Italy

We experimentally analyze a Bessel beam produced with a conical mirror, paying particular attention to its superluminal and diffraction-free properties. We spatially characterized the beam in the radial and on-axis dimensions and verified that the central peak does not spread over a propagation distance of 73 cm. in addition, we measured the superluminal phase and group velocities of the beam in free space. Both spatial and temporal measurements show good agreement with the theoretical predictions.

关键词： Laser beams

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secure routing using ant colony method and RPs algorithm

Secure routing using ant colony method and RPS algorithm

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international Conference on Computational intelligence and Multimedia Applications, iCCiMA 2007

作者： suresh Gnana Dhas, C. Carmel Mary Belinda, J. Daffini Manoja, J. Ramar, K. Department of Computer Science and Engineering Vinayaka Mission's Kirupananda Variya Engineering College Salem Tamilnadu South India Department of Computer Science and Engineering C.S.I. Institute of Technology Thovalai Kanyakumari Dist. 629302 Tamilnadu India Department of Computer Science and Engineering SSN College of Engineering Kalavakam Tamilnadu South India Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Engineering College Kovilpatti Tamilnadu South India

ISBN: (纸本)0769530508

soft computing is one of the emerging fields used in many application problems. this paper mainly deals with the emerging soft computing technique (i.e.) Ant colony algorithm for the optimized network routing and clustering method for the optimized network design. in the design of networks the fundamental problem is to transmit the packets of information from source node to destination node. An important part of network design is to find the best way to layout the nodes and arcs with a minimized cost between each of the path. in the Network Design stage nodes are grouped into clusters and interconnected using the Cluster Method. in the optimized routing stage the best path is selected from the designed network using the Ant Colony soft Computing techniques. the paper focuses on securing the path for data transmission using RPs algorithm. © 2007 iEEE.

关键词： Routing algorithms

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An efficient morphological reversible contour / edge representation using overlapping line components

An efficient morphological reversible contour / edge represe...

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1st international Conference on Emerging trends in engineering and technology, iCEtEt 2008

作者： Varghese, Justin saudia, s. Nallaperumal, Krishnan Mathew, santhosh P. Arumugaperumal, s. Joy, Julie Department of Computer Science/MCA SAINTGITS College of Engineering Kottayam India Centre for Information Technology and Engineering Manonmaniam Sundaranar University Tirunelveli India Department of Computer Science S. T. Hindu College Nagarcoil India

ISBN: (纸本)9780769532677

the paper proposes a new morphological reversible contour/edge representation algorithm for the representation of 2D binary shapes of digital images. the concise representation algorithm uses representative lines of different sizes and types to cover all the significant features of the binary contour/edge image. these well-characterized representative line segments, which may overlap among different types, take minimum representative points than that of most other prominent shape representation algorithms including Mst and MsD. the new algorithm is computationally efficient than most other algorithms in the literature and is also capable of approximating edge images. the approximated outputs produced by the proposed algorithm by using minimal number of representative points are more natural to the original shapes than that of Mst and MsD. © 2008 iEEE.

关键词： Edge detection

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A Collaborative Learning system based on Multi-agent

A Collaborative Learning System based on Multi-agent

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7th international Conference on Advanced Language Processing and Web information technology

作者： Wang, Yuanzhi Zhang, Fei Chen, Liwei Hu, Guosheng Jiang, shanhe School of Computer and Information Anqing Normal College Anhui China College of the Computer Science and Technology Southwest University of S and T Sichuan China School of Physics and Electric Engineering Anqing Normal College Anhui China

ISBN: (纸本)9780769532738

A multi-agent learning system model is presented to solve the problems existing in the present remote learning system, such as the monotonous pattern and passive educating. integrated with intelligent agent technology, the multi-agent learning system gives tin agent capability description language, on the basis of which we suggest relevant personal grouping strategy and learning task allocation strategy. Furthermore, it uses compensates mechanism to encourage the agent cooperation, state-space-search theory to enable the MAs system to have the stronger problem solving ability both of which can meet demand of active learning for the learners and to some extent economize communication of system and save the communication in the system in certain degree.

关键词： Learning systems

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Observation of a Centrality-Dependent Dijet Asymmetry in Lead-Lead Collisions at sNN=2.76 teV with the AtLAs Detector at the LHC

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Physical Review Letters 2010年第25期105卷 252303-252303页

作者： G. Aad B. Abbott J. Abdallah A. A. Abdelalim A. Abdesselam O. Abdinov B. Abi M. Abolins H. Abramowicz H. Abreu E. Acerbi B. s. Acharya M. Ackers D. L. Adams t. N. Addy J. Adelman M. Aderholz s. Adomeit P. Adragna t. Adye s. Aefsky J. A. Aguilar-saavedra M. Aharrouche s. P. Ahlen F. Ahles A. Ahmad M. Ahsan G. Aielli t. Akdogan t. P. A. Åkesson G. Akimoto A. V. Akimov M. s. Alam M. A. Alam s. Albrand M. Aleksa i. N. Aleksandrov M. Aleppo F. Alessandria C. Alexa G. Alexander G. Alexandre t. Alexopoulos M. Alhroob M. Aliev G. Alimonti J. Alison M. Aliyev P. P. Allport s. E. Allwood-spiers J. Almond A. Aloisio R. Alon A. Alonso J. Alonso M. G. Alviggi K. Amako P. Amaral C. Amelung V. V. Ammosov A. Amorim G. Amorós N. Amram C. Anastopoulos t. Andeen C. F. Anders K. J. Anderson A. Andreazza V. Andrei M-L. Andrieux X. s. Anduaga A. Angerami F. Anghinolfi N. Anjos A. Annovi A. Antonaki M. Antonelli s. Antonelli J. Antos F. Anulli s. Aoun L. Aperio Bella R. Apolle G. Arabidze i. Aracena Y. Arai A. t. H. Arce J. P. Archambault s. Arfaoui J-F. Arguin E. Arik M. Arik A. J. Armbruster K. E. Arms s. R. Armstrong O. Arnaez C. Arnault A. Artamonov G. Artoni D. Arutinov s. Asai J. silva R. Asfandiyarov s. Ask B. Åsman L. Asquith K. Assamagan A. Astbury A. Astvatsatourov G. Atoian B. Aubert B. Auerbach E. Auge K. Augsten M. Aurousseau N. Austin R. Avramidou D. Axen C. Ay G. Azuelos Y. Azuma M. A. Baak G. Baccaglioni C. Bacci A. M. Bach H. Bachacou K. Bachas G. Bachy M. Backes E. Badescu P. Bagnaia s. Bahinipati Y. Bai D. C. Bailey t. Bain J. t. Baines O. K. Baker s Baker F. Baltasar Dos santos Pedrosa E. Banas P. Banerjee sw. Banerjee D. Banfi A. Bangert V. Bansal H. s. Bansil L. Barak s. P. Baranov A. Barashkou A. Barbaro Galtieri t. Barber E. L. Barberio D. Barberis M. Barbero D. Y. Bardin t. Barillari M. Barisonzi t. Barklow N. Barlow B. M. Barnett R. M. Barnett A. Baroncelli A. J. Barr F. Barreiro J. Barreiro Guimarães da Costa P. Barrillon R. Bartoldus A. E. Barton D. Bartsch R. L. Bates L. Batkova J. R. Batley A. Battaglia M. Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik Hermann-Herder Strasse 3 D-79104 Freiburg i.Br. Germany University of Oklahoma Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy 440 West Brooks Room 100 Norman Oklahoma 73019-0225 USA Institut de Física d’Altes Energies IFAE Edifici Cn Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona ES-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona) Spain Université de Genève Section de Physique 24 rue Ernest Ansermet CH-1211 Geneve 4 Switzerland Oxford University Department of Physics Denys Wilkinson Building Keble Road Oxford OX1 3RH United Kingdom Institute of Physics Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences H. Javid Avenue 33 AZ 143 Baku Azerbaijan Oklahoma State University Department of Physics 145 Physical Sciences Building Stillwater Oklahoma 74078-3072 USA Michigan State University Department of Physics and Astronomy High Energy Physics Group East Lansing Michigan 48824-2320 USA Tel Aviv University Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy Ramat Aviv IL - Tel Aviv 69978 Israel LAL Université Paris-Sud IN2P3/CNRS Orsay France INFN Sezione di Milano via Celoria 16 IT-20133 Milano Italy Università di Milano Dipartimento di Fisica via Celoria 16 IT-20133 Milano Italy INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine Strada Costiera 11 IT-33100 Udine Italy ICTP Strada Costiera 11 IT-34014 Trieste Italy University of Bonn Physikalisches Institut Nussallee 12 D-53115 Bonn Germany Brookhaven National Laboratory Physics Department Building 510A Upton New York 11973 USA Hampton University Department of Physics Hampton Virginia 23668 USA Yale University Department of Physics P.O. Box 208121 New Haven Connecticut 06520-8121 USA Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut) Föhringer Ring 6 80805 München Germany Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Fakultät für Physik Am Coulombwall 1 DE-85748 Garching Germany Queen Mary University of London Department of Physics Mile End Road London E1 4NS United Kingdom Ruther

By using the AtLAs detector, observations have been made of a centrality-dependent dijet asymmetry in the collisions of lead ions at the Large Hadron Collider. in a sample of lead-lead events with a per-nucleon center of mass energy of 2.76 teV, selected with a minimum bias trigger, jets are reconstructed in fine-grained, longitudinally segmented electromagnetic and hadronic calorimeters. the transverse energies of dijets in opposite hemispheres are observed to become systematically more unbalanced with increasing event centrality leading to a large number of events which contain highly asymmetric dijets. this is the first observation of an enhancement of events with such large dijet asymmetries, not observed in proton-proton collisions, which may point to an interpretation in terms of strong jet energy loss in a hot, dense medium.

关键词： Energy dissipation

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An Approach to Load Balancing and Network Longevity using Dynamic Adaptive Routing in Wireless sensor Networks

An Approach to Load Balancing and Network Longevity using Dy...

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iEEE international Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (PerCom)

作者： R. sumathi M.G. srinivasa R. srinivasan Department of Computer Science and Engineering SIT Tumkur Karnataka India Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering CIT Tumkur Karnataka India Department of Computer Science and Engineering R.N.S.I.T Bangalore Karnataka India

Energy efficiency is the major concern in the design of wireless sensor network (WsN). it is imperative to develop protocols to distribute energy dissipation across nodes and reduces hotspots in the networks. in this paper we introduce load balancing dynamic adaptive routing (LBDAR), a reactive protocol to find efficient data routing structure for optimal distribution of load. Rather than finding an optimal path and use it for all communication, the proposed algorithm dynamically finds routers and constitutes energy sufficient routing path from source to sink for each round of communication, by considering two node specific parameters, they are frequency count and residual battery power. Frequency count provides good chance for all the routers to actively participate in forwarding data messages and thus help to distribute the routing load. Router is selected such that it retains some battery power, called Adaptable threshold, which varies with size of sensed data. this prevents the early death of heavily involved nodes due to battery drain off, and hence enhances the network lifetime.

关键词： Load management Wireless sensor networks Batteries Frequency Power engineering and energy computer science Routing protocols Heuristic algorithms sensor phenomena and characterization Pervasive computing

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Replication of Biomolecular techniques for implementing intelligent systems

Replication of Biomolecular Techniques for Implementing Inte...

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international Conference on Broadband Communications, information technology & Biomedical Applications (BROADCOM)

作者： sanjeev Dhawan Rakesh Kumar Faculty of Computer Engineering University Institute of Engineering & Technology (U.I.E.T) Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra Haryana India Faculty of Computer Science Department of Computer Science and Applications (D.C.S.A) Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra Haryana India

in this paper, it has been shown that computational jobs, such as encoding of input data and AND, OR operation, can work on the computers (by using computer databases and algorithms for the purpose of speeding up and enhancing biological research). By combining more complex functions, more complex molecular programs for gene analysis can be constructed. it is expected an in vivo (i.e. inside cellular life forms) computer will be realized from this technology, which detects the cell state through gene expression patterns, and controls the cell conditions with output RNA (ribose nucleic acid). the replication of biomolecular techniques based upon DNA (deoxyribose nucleic acid) architecture has been proposed. it may provide a powerful tool for both research and clinical applications. to develop functional supra-molecular systems, where sequence-programmable and evolvable molecular systems have been constructed as cell-free chemical systems using biomolecules such as DNA and proteins based on the integration of electronics, computer science, it (information technology), mathematical and statistical tools. this paper is organised into four parts: part i describes the functioning and encoding processes of DNA computers, which are implemented using a traveling salesman problem (as in artificial intelligent systems) and single shortest path routing approach (as in computer networks) using object-oriented approach of software development, part ii presents database integration with DNA using client-server technologies of Web design, part iii discusses the implications of DNA for computer and network security, and part iV investigates and shows the results with the use of above mentioned approaches.

关键词： intelligent systems Biology computing computer networks Encoding DNA computing Computational intelligence Databases Biological information theory in vivo Gene expression

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An Efficient Morphological Reversible Contour/Edge Representation Using Overlapping Line Components

An Efficient Morphological Reversible Contour/Edge Represent...

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international Conference on Emerging trends in engineering and technology, iCEtEt

作者： Justin Varghese saudia saudia Krishnan Nallaperumal santhosh. P. Mathew s. Arumugaperumal Julie Joy Department of Computer Science/MCA SAINTGITS College of Engineering Kottayam India 2Centre for Information Technology & Engineering Manonmaniam Sundaranar UniversityTirunelveli India. Centre for Information Technology & Engineering Manonmaniam Sundaranar University Tirunelveli India Department of Computer Science S. T. Hindu College Nagarcoil India

关键词： shape Algorithm design and analysis image reconstruction Approximation algorithms image edge detection Filling skeleton

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Concrete examples of abstraction as manifested in students' transformative experiences 08

Concrete examples of abstraction as manifested in students' ...

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4th international Computing Education Research Workshop, iCER'08

作者： Moström, Jan Erik Boustedt, Jonas Eckerdal, Anna McCartney, Robert sanders, Kate thomas, Lynda Zander, Carol Department of Computing Science Umea University 901 87 Umea Sweden Dept. of Mathematics Natural and Computer Science Högskolan i Gävle S80176 Gävle Sweden Department of Information Technology Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering University of Connecticut Storrs CT United States Department of Math and Computer Science Rhode Island College Providence RI United States Department of Computer Science Aberystwyth University Aberystwyth United Kingdom Computing and Software Systems University of Washington Bothell Bothell WA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781605582160

this paper examines transformational learning experiences of computing students as a way to better understand threshold concepts in computing. From empirical evidence we found that students often describe transformative experiences as learning situations in which they were led to use various kinds of abstraction, for example modularity, data abstraction, inheritance, polymorphism, reuse, design patterns, and complexity. some students describe an abstract concept as coming first, and then needing to be made concrete though application;others describe transformations in which they learn the advantages of these abstract concepts from their experience of not using them. Abstraction is certainly of central importance in computer science. it appears, however, from our students' descriptions of transformative experiences, that abstraction per se is not a threshold, but that particular concepts in which abstraction is paramount exhibit the characteristics of threshold concepts. Copyright 2008 ACM.

关键词： students

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Better learning of neural networks using functional graph for analysis of wireless network

Better learning of neural networks using functional graph fo...

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international Conference on computer and Communication engineering, iCCCE

作者： V. Joseph Raj Heren Chellam G. stella Morris Department of Computer Engineering Faculty of Architecture and Engineering European University of Lefke North Cyprus Mersin 10 TURKEY Department of Computer Science Government Arts College for Women Alagappa University INDIA 3Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Manukau Institute of Technology (M.I.T) Auckland NEW ZEALAND

Neural networks have been used as an effective method for solving many problems in a wide range of application areas. As neural networks are being more and more widely used in recent years, the need for their more formal definition becomes increasingly apparent. this paper presents a novel architecture of neural network models using the functional graph. the network creates a graph representation by dynamically allocating nodes to code local form attributes and establishing arcs to link them. in this paper application of functional graph in the architecture of electronic neural network, opto-electronic neural network and genetic neural network are detailed with experimental results. Learning is defined in terms of functional graph. the proposed architectures are applied in evaluating 3G wireless network performance.

关键词： Neural networks Wireless networks Artificial neural networks Biological neural networks Neurons Genetic algorithms computer networks computer architecture computer science Government

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