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sPt approach for assessing mechanical properties of materials

Materials today: Proceedings 2024年

作者： K. Karthik K. Rajaram P. Jagadeesh R. Vijai N. shailendra Kumar Bohidar P. Duraimurugan Department of Mechanical Engineering Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology Chennai 600062 Tamil Nadu India Department of Physics Gandhigaram Rural Institute (Deemed to be university) Dindigul Tamil Nadu 624302 India Department Mechanical Engineering K.S.R. College of Engineering Tiruchengode Tamil Nadu 637215 India Department Mechanical Engineering Sri Sairam College of Engineering Bengaluru Karnataka 562106 India Department of Mechanical Engineering School of Engineering & I.T. MATS University Raipur Chhattisgarh 493441 India Department of Mechanical Engineering Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science Chennai Tamil Nadu 603103 India

the Round Robin test of the small Punch test (sPt) method represents a critical step in establishing its reliability and applicability for assessing the mechanical properties of materials used in power plants. the mechanical properties of materials, such as strength and deformation characteristics, are of paramount importance in ensuring the structural integrity and safety of power generation facilities. the sPt method, a widely adopted in-situ testing technique, holds promise as a cost-effective means of evaluating these properties. However, its precision and consistency in different geological and operational contexts remain subjects of investigation. this study presents the results and findings from a comprehensive Round Robin test aimed at rigorously assessing the sPt method's performance and suitability for characterizing materials within power plants. Multiple testing campaigns were conducted across diverse sites and material conditions, encompassing varying geological formations, moisture content, and temperature ranges. the objective was to evaluate the sPt method's repeatability, reproducibility, and accuracy in different operational environments.

关键词： small Punch test (sPt) Round Robin test Mechanical properties Power plants Material assessment structural integrity

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Direct Observation of Fractal-Dimensional Percolation in the 3D Cluster Dynamics of a Ferroelectric supercrystal

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Physical Review Letters 2021年第3期126卷 037601-037601页

作者： Ludovica Falsi Marco Aversa Fabrizio Di Mei Davide Pierangeli Feifei Xin Aharon J. Agranat Eugenio DelRe Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Roma “La Sapienza” 00185 Rome Italy Dipartimento S.B.A.I. Sezione di Fisica “Sapienza” Università di Roma I-00161 Roma Italy College of Physics and Materials Science Tianjin Normal University 300387 Tianjin China The Brojde Center for Innovative Engineering and Computer Science The Hebrew University Jerusalem 91904 Israel ISC-CNR Università di Roma “La Sapienza” 00185 Rome Italy

We perform percolation analysis of crossed-polarizer transmission images in a biased nanodisordered bulk KtN:Li perovskite. two distinct percolative transitions are identified at two electric field thresholds. the low-field transition involves a directional fractal chain of dimension D=1.65, while the high-field transition has a dimension D>2. Direct cluster imaging in the volume is achieved using high-resolution orthographic 3D projections based on giant refraction. Percolation is attributed to a full-3D domain reorientation that medi.t.s the transition from a ferroelectric supercrystal state to a disordered domain mosaic.

关键词： Percolation Phase transitions Photonics Ferroelectrics Perovskites Fractal analysis

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Neural Nework-based Mobile App Framework to Aid Resource-poor setting Community Health

Neural Nework-based Mobile App Framework to Aid Resource-poo...

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2020 international Conference on Computing and information technology, iCCit 2020

作者： Pasha, Muhammad Fermi Lee, Hui san Widhiasi, Arini Purba, Ronsen Mansour, Ahmed Budiarto, Rahmat Monash University Malaysia School of Information Technology Bandar Sunway Malaysia InsanyMed Technologies Sdn. Bhd. IT Division Kuala Lumpur Malaysia STMIK-STIE Mikroskil I.T. Postgraduate Dept. Medan Indonesia Albaha Private College of Science Dept. of Computer Engineering Albaha Saudi Arabia Albaha University Dept. of Computer Science Albaha Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (纸本)9781728126807

Residents who live in rural area normally have limited access to internet, poor living condition and limited access to healthcare services. Besides, medical specialists are not available every day. As such, quality of healthcare services in rural area is extremely low. in saudi Arabia, there are approximately 5.69 million people living in rural area (resource-poor settings). this work proposes a framework to develop mobile health application to aid the resource poor settings community health. the mobile health application makes use of the pre-trained neural network model to provide result of disease prediction for user. the application performance in term of accuracy, precision, recall and F1 score are measured using an existing diseases dataset and considering nine common diseases in the community. Measurement results show that the health mobile app developed thru the proposed framework is promising. © 2020 iEEE.

关键词： Rural areas

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Unifying femtosecond and picosecond single-pulse magnetic switching in Gd-Fe-Co

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Physical Review B 2021年第10期103卷 104422-104422页

作者： F. Jakobs t. A. Ostler C.-H. Lambert Y. Yang s. salahuddin R. B. Wilson J. Gorchon J. Bokor U. Atxitia Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems and Fachbereich Physik Freie Universität Berlin 14195 Berlin Germany Département de Physique Universitè de Liége (B5) B-4000 Liége Belgium College of Business Technology and Engineering Sheffield Hallam University Howard Street Sheffield S1 1WB United Kingdom Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California Berkeley California 94720 USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California Berkeley California 94720 USA Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley California 94720 USA Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California Riverside California 92521 USA

Many questions are still open regarding the physical mechanisms behind the magnetic switching in Gd-Fe-Co alloys by single optical pulses. Phenomenological models suggest a femtosecond scale exchange relaxation between sublattice magnetization as the driving mechanism for switching. the recent observation of thermally induced switching in Gd-Fe-Co by using both several picosecond optical laser pulse as well as electric current pulses has questioned this previous understanding. this has raised the question of whether or not the same switching mechanics are acting at the femtosecond and picosecond scales. in this work, we aim at filling this gap in the understanding of the switching mechanisms behind thermal single-pulse switching. to that end, we have studied experimentally thermal single-pulse switching in Gd-Fe-Co alloys, for a wide range of system parameters, such as composition, laser power, and pulse duration. We provide a quantitative description of the switching dynamics using atomistic spin dynamics methods with excellent agreement between the model and our experiments across a wide range of parameters and timescales, ranging from femtoseconds to picoseconds. Furthermore, we find distinct element-specific damping parameters as a key ingredient for switching with long picosecond pulses and argue that switching with pulse durations as long as 15 ps is possible due to a low damping constant of Gd. Our findings can be easily extended to speed up dynamics in other contexts where ferrimagnetic Gd-Fe-Co alloys have been already demonstrated to show fast and energy-efficient processes, e.g., domain-wall motion in a track and spin-orbit torque switching in spintronics devices.

关键词： Demagnetization Magnetic interactions Magnetic order Magnetism spin dynamics Ultrafast magnetic effects

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Expression of Concern for: Deep Learning Model to Predict Pneumonia Disease based on Observed Patterns in Lung X-rays

Expression of Concern for: Deep Learning Model to Predict Pn...

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international conference of Electronics, Communication and Aerospace technology (iCECA)

作者： Utkarsh singh Aditi totla Dr. Prakash Kumar Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering R. V. College of Engineering Bengaluru Karnataka Dept. of Electronics and Electrical Engineering R. V. College of Engineering Bengaluru Karnataka Dept. of Production Engineering B. I. T. Sindri Dhanbad Jharkhand

ISBN: (数字)9781728163871

ISBN: (纸本)9781728163888

Due to the recent technological advancements, healthcare industry is also undergoing some major changes. the volume of medical data continues to increase at a staggering rate and artificial intelligence is poised to be the engine that drives improvements across the care continuum. Pneumonia is a serious disease, which can range from mild to life-threatening as it causes inflammation and fluid accumulation in the lungs and making it hard to breathe. it remains as the most serious for infants, children, and people older than 65 years. it is also considered to be a potential complication of the COViD-19 disease. Chest X-ray is an important pneumonia diagnosis worldwide. to help detect patients, who require intense medical care, artificial intelligence can be used to analyse lung imaging as a part of the clinical research study. the primary goal is to reduce the complex task of understanding scans through experts and provides easy prediction by developing a model that can predict the possibility of the disease in a patient through their lung X-ray images.

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interannual variations in the amplitude of 25–70-day intraseasonal oscillations in Central Africa and relationship with ENsO

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Bulletin of Atmospheric science and technology 2020年第3-4期1卷 387-405页

作者： sandjon, Alain tchakoutio tchinda, Claudin Wamba Vondou, Derbetini Appolinaire Nzeukou, Armand Mba, Wilfried Pokam Laboratory of Environmental Modelling and Atmospheric Physics University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Laboratory of Industrial Systems and Environmental Engineering Fotso Victor University Institute of Technology Bandjoun Cameroon Department of Computer Science Including Basic Sciences Higher Technical Teacher’s Training College Kumba University of Buea Buea Cameroon Department of Physics Higher Teacher Training College University of Yaounde 1 Yaoundé Cameroon

the interannual variations in the intraseasonal oscillations (isO) activity have long been investigated in different geographical areas around the world. However, Central Africa (CA) remains a serious gap in climate variability studies, especially at intraseasonal timescales because very few of these studies focused on this region. in this paper, we investigated the interannual variations in the amplitude of intraseasonal oscillations (isO) in CA, using an isO index (isOi), extracted from the wavelet transform on the 25–70-day filtered daily Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) data. Results showed that the isOi in CA undergoes large interannual variations with some years of high as 1985 and 1990, and years of very low isO as 1981 and 2001. the composite analysis revealed that the warm El Niño southern Oscillation (ENsO) years are characterized by negative isOi in most part of CA, while cold ENsO years are dominated by positive isOis. the lagged correlations computed between isOis and Niño3.4 index showed that the relationship isOi-ENsO varies much spatially, but the correlation coefficients are globally low, with maxima around ± 0.5. the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis applied on monthly isOi revealed that two main spatial structures characterize isOi variability, which explain 15.7% and 8.4% of the total variance, respectively. the first is marked by mostly positive loadings, crossing CA from northwest to southeast, and the second emerges as a quasi-meridional, with positive loadings located around the latitude equator. the principal component (PC) time series confirm the strong interannual variations of the isOi amplitude. the extreme ENsO years are characterized by an anomalous easterly winds coming from the indian Ocean, which reverses around Eastern Central Africa borders and blow back into the ocean. these easterly winds bring warm (or cold) air fluxes from the Ocean, which may be responsible for the modulation of the atmospheric anomalous convectio

关键词： El Niño southern oscillation intra-seasonal variations Rainfall Wavelet analysis

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single-shot Diagnosis of Electron Energy Evolution via streaked Betatron X Rays in a Curved Laser Wakefield Accelerator

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Physical Review Letters 2024年第22期132卷 225001-225001页

作者： Y. Ma J. A. Cardarelli P. t. Campbell s. Fourmaux R. Fitzgarrald M. D. Balcazar A. F. Antoine N. F. Beier Q. Qian A. E. Hussein B. Kettle s. R. Klein K. Krushelnick Y. F. Li s. P. D. Mangles G. sarri D. seipt V. senthilkumaran M. J. V. streeter L. Willingale A. G. R. thomas Gérard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109-2099 USA Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique - Énergie Matériaux et Télécommunications Université du Québec (INRS-EMT) 1650 Lionel Boulet Varennes Québec J3X 1P7 Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 1H9 Canada The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ United Kingdom Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China School of Mathematics and Physics Queen’s University Belfast Belfast BT7 1NN United Kingdom Helmholtz Institut Jena Fröbelstieg 3 Jena 07743 Germany GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH Planckstraße 1 64291 Darmstadt Germany

We report on an experimental observation of the streaking of betatron x rays in a curved laser wakefield accelerator. the streaking of the betatron x rays was realized by launching a laser pulse into a plasma with a transverse density gradient. By controlling the plasma density and the density gradient, we realized the steering of the laser driver, electron beam, and betatron x rays simultaneously. Moreover, we observed an energy-angle correlation of the streaked betatron x rays and utilized it in diagnosing the electron acceleration process in a single-shot mode. Our work could also find applications in advanced control of laser beam and particle propagation. More importantly, the angular streaked betatron x ray has an intrinsic spatiotemporal correlation, which makes it a promising tool for single-shot pump-probe applications.

关键词： Laser wakefield acceleration Plasma acceleration & new acceleration techniques X-ray generation in plasmas X-ray techniques

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On the number of positive solutions to an indefinite parameter-dependent neumann problem

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Feltrin, Guglielmo sovrano, Elisa tellini, Andrea Department of Mathematics Computer Science and Physics University of Udine Via delle Scienze 206 Udine33100 Italy CNRS 54 Boulevard Raspail Paris75006 France Department of Applied Mathematics in Industrial Engineering E.T.S.I.D.I. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Ronda de Valencia 3 Madrid28012 Spain

We study the second-order boundary value problem (Formula presented) where aλ,µ is a step-wise indefinite weight function, precisely aλ,µ ≡ λ in [0, σ] ∪ [1 − σ, 1] and aλ,µ ≡ −µ in (σ, 1 − σ), for some σ ∈ (0, 21 ), with λ and µ positive real parameters. We investigate the topological structure of the set of positive solutions which lie in (0, 1) as λ and µ vary. Depending on λ and based on a phase-plane analysis and on time-mapping estimates, our findings lead to three different (from the topological point of view) global bifurcation diagrams of the solutions in terms of the parameter µ. Finally, for the first time in the literature, a qualitative bifurcation diagram concerning the number of solutions in the (λ, µ)-plane is depicted. the analyzed Neumann problem has an application in the analysis of stationary solutions to reaction-diffusion equations in population genetics driven by migration and *** Codes 34B08, 34B18, 34C23, 35Q92, 92D25 Copyright © 2021, the Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Boundary value problems

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Roadmap on Neuromorphic Photonics

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Brunner, Daniel shastri, Bhavin J. Al-Qadasi, Mohammed A. Ballani, H. Barbay, sylvain Biasi, stefano Bienstman, Peter Bilodeau, simon Bogaerts, Wim Böhm, Fabian Brennan, G. Buckley, sonia Cai, Xinlun strinati, Marcello Calvanese Canakci, B. Charbonnier, Benoit Chemnitz, Mario Chen, Yitong Cheung, stanley Chiles, Jeff Choi, suyeon Christodoulides, Demetrios N. Chrostowski, Lukas Chu, J. Clegg, J.H. Cletheroe, D. Conti, Claudio Dai, Qionghai Di Lauro, Luigi Diamantopoulos, Nikolaos-Panteleimon Dinc, Niyazi Ulas Ewaniuk, Jacob Fan, shanhui Fang, Lu Franchi, Riccardo Freire, Pedro Gentilini, silvia Gigan, sylvain Giorgi, Gian Luca Gkantsidis, C. Gladrow, J. Goi, Elena Goldmann, M. Grabulosa, A. Gu, Min Guo, Xianxin Hejda, Matěj Horst, F. Hsieh, Jih-Liang Hu, Jianqi Hu, Juejun Huang, Chaoran Hurtado, Antonio Jaurigue, Lina Kalinin, K.P. Kamalian-Kopae, Morteza Kelly, D.J. Khajavikhan, Mercedeh Kremer, H. Laydevant, Jeremie Lederman, Joshua C. Lee, Jongheon Lenstra, Daan Li, Gordon H.Y. Li, Mo Li, Yuhang Lin, Xing Lin, Zhongjin Lis, Mieszko Lüdge, Kathy Lugnan, Alessio Lupo, Alessandro Lvovsky, A.i. Manuylovich, Egor Marandi, Alireza Marchesin, Federico Massar, serge McCaughan, Adam N. McMahon, Peter L. Moralis-Pegios, Miltiadis Morandotti, Roberto Moser, Christophe Moss, David J. Mukherjee, Avilash Nikdast, Mahdi Offrein, B.J. Oguz, ilker Oripov, Bakhrom O'shea, G. Ozcan, Aydogan Parmigiani, F. Pasricha, sudeep Pavanello, Fabio Pavesi, Lorenzo Peserico, Nicola Pickup, L. Pierangeli, Davide Pleros, Nikos Porte, Xavier Primavera, Bryce A. Prucnal, Paul Psaltis, Demetri Puts, Lukas Qiao, Fei Rahmani, B. Raineri, Fabrice Ríos Ocampo, Carlos A. Robertson, Joshua Romeira, Bruno Roques-Carmes, Charles Rotenberg, Nir Rowstron, A. schoenhardt, steffen schwartz, Russell L.t. shainline, Jeffrey M. shekhar, sudip skalli, A. sohoni, Mandar M. sorger, Volker J. soriano, Miguel C. spall, James stabile, Ripalta stiller, Birgit sunada, satoshi tefas, Anastasios tossoun, Bassem tsakyridis, Apostolos turitsyn, sergei K. Van der sande, G Université Marie et Louis Pasteur CNRS UMR 6174 Institut FEMTO-ST Besançon25000 France Centre for Nanophotonics Department of Physics Engineering Physics & Astronomy Queen's University Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada Microsoft Research Cambridge United Kingdom Université Paris-Saclay CNRS Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies France Nanoscience Laboratory Department of Physics University of Trento Italy Photonics Research Group Department of Information Technology Ghent University imec Belgium Princeton University NJ United States Hewlett Packard Labs Hewlett Packard Enterprise Böblingen Germany National Institute of Standards and Technology BoulderCO United States State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies School of Electronics and Information Technology Sun Yat-sen University China Enrico Fermi Research Center Rome Italy Université Grenoble-Alpes CEA Leti Grenoble France Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology Jena Germany Institute of Applied Optics and Biophysics Jena Germany Department of Automation Tsinghua University Beijing China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering North Carolina State University NC United States Department of Electrical Engineering Stanford University CA United States University of Southern California Los AngelesCA United States Department of Physics Sapienza University Rome Italy Institute for Complex Systems National Research Council Rome Italy Varennes Canada NTT Device Technology Labs NTT Corporation Kanagawa Atsugi Japan Institute of Electrical and Microengineering School of Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Switzerland Edward L. Ginzton Laboratory Stanford University StanfordCA United States Department of Electronic Engineering Tsinghua University China Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology Tsinghua University China Aston Univ

Neuromorphic photonics are processors inspired by the human brain and enabled by light (photons) instead of traditional electronics. Neuromorphic photonics and its associated concepts are experiencing a significant resurgence, building on foundational research from the 1980s and 1990s. this renewed momentum is driven by breakthroughs in photonic integration, nonlinear optics, and advanced materials, alongside the growing necessity of neuro-inspired computing in numerous applications of economic and societal relevance. the increasing demand for energy-efficient artificial intelligence (Ai) solutions underscores the need for innovation and a cohesive vision to address key challenges, including scalability, energy efficiency, precision, and standardized performance benchmarks. together, these efforts present an opportunity to establish a unique photonic advantage with practical, real-world applications. this roadmap consolidates recent advances while exploring emerging applications, reflecting the remarkable diversity of hardware platforms, neuromorphic concepts, and implementation philosophies reported in the field. it emphasizes the critical role of cross-disciplinary collaboration in this rapidly evolving field. the roadmap introduces various approaches to embedding the high-complexity transformations central to neuromorphic computing, focusing on frequency, delay, and spectral embeddings. this is followed by a discussion of architectures of photonic neural networks (PNNs) and an in-depth analysis of methods for implementing these architectures in photonic hardware. Dedicated sections delve into integrated photonic hardware, the realization of photonic weights and memories, and the optimization of training processes for photonic neuromorphic architectures. the roadmap concludes by exploring numerous potential applications, highlighting the challenges and advances necessary to transition neuromorphic photonic computing from a primarily academic pursuit to a technolog

关键词： Philosophical aspects

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Roadmap on Nonlocality in Photonic Materials and Metamaterials

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Monticone, Francesco Mortensen, N. Asger Fernández-Domínguez, Antonio i. Luo, Yu tserkezis, Chri.t.s Khurgin, Jacob B. shahbazyan, tigran V. Chaves, André J. Peres, Nuno M.R. Wegner, Gino Busch, Kurt Hu, Huatian della sala, Fabio Zhang, Pu Ciracì, Cristian Aizpurua, Javier Babaze, Antton Borisov, Andrei G. Chen, Xue-Wen Christensen, thomas Yan, Wei Yang, Yi Hohenester, Ulrich Huber, Lorenz Wubs, Martijn de Liberato, simone Gonçalves, P.A.D. de Abajo, F. Javier García Hess, Ortwin tarasenko, illya Cox, Joel D. Jelver, Line Dias, Eduardo J.C. sánchez, Miguel sánchez Margetis, Dionisios Gómez-santos, Guillermo stauber, tobias tretyakov, sergei simovski, Constantin Pakniyat, samaneh Gómez-Díaz, J. sebastián Bondarev, igor V. Biehs, svend-Age Boltasseva, Alexandra shalaev, Vladimir M. Krasavin, Alexey V. Zayats, Anatoly V. Alù, Andrea song, Jung-Hwan Brongersma, Mark L. Levy, Uriel Long, Olivia Y. Guo, Cheng Fan, shanhui Bozhevolnyi, sergey i. Overvig, Adam Prudêncio, Filipa R. silveirinha, Mário G. Gangaraj, s. Ali Hassani Argyropoulos, Chri.t.s Huidobro, Paloma A. Galiffi, Emanuele Yang, Fan Pendry, John B. Miller, David A.B. School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Cornell University IthacaNY14853 United States POLIMA Center for Polariton-driven Light–Matter Interactions University of Southern Denmark Campusvej 55 Odense MDK-5230 Denmark D-IAS—Danish Institute for Advanced Study University of Southern Denmark Campusvej 55 Odense MDK-5230 Denmark Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada Universidad Autónoma de Madrid MadridE-28049 Spain Universidad Autónoma de Madrid MadridE-28049 Spain School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore639798 Singapore Key Laboratory of Radar Imaging and Microwave Photonics Ministry of Education College of Electronic and Information Engineering Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing211106 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Johns Hopkins University BaltimoreMD21218 United States Department of Physics Jackson State University JacksonMS39217 United States Department of Physics Aeronautics Institute of Technology SP So Jos dos Campos12228-900 Brazil Departamento de Física Universidade do Minho BragaP-4710-057 Portugal Av Mestre José Veiga Braga4715-330 Portugal Max-Born-Institut Berlin12489 Germany Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Institut für Physik AG Theoretische Optik and Photonik Berlin12489 Germany Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Barsanti 14 Arnesano73010 Italy Via Monteroni Campus Unisalento Lecce73100 Italy School of physics Huazhong University of Science and Technology Luoyu Road 1037 Wuhan430074 China Donostia International Physics Center DIPC Donostia-San Sebastián20018 Spain Ikerbasque Basque Foundation for Science Bilbao48009 Spain Department of Electricity and Electronics University of the Basque Country Leioa48940 Spain Department of Applied Physics University of the Basque Country Donostia20018 Spain Université Paris-Saclay CNRS Institut des Scienc

Photonic technologies continue to drive the quest for new optical materials with unprecedented responses. A major frontier in this field is the exploration of nonlocal (spatially dispersive) materials, going beyond the local, wavevector-independent assumption traditionally made in optical material modeling. On one end, the growing interest in plasmonic, polaritonic and quantum materials has revealed naturally occurring nonlocalities, emphasizing the need for more accurate models to predict and design their optical responses. this has major implications also for topological, nonreciprocal, and time-varying systems based on these material platforms. Beyond natural materials, artificially structured materials—metamaterials and metasurfaces–can provide even stronger and engineered nonlocal effects, emerging from long-range interactions or multipolar effects. this is a rapidly expanding area in the field of photonic metamaterials, with open frontiers yet to be explored. in the case of metasurfaces, in particular, nonlocality engineering has become a powerful tool for designing strongly wavevector-dependent responses, enabling enhanced wavefront control, spatial compression, multifunctional devices, and wave-based computing. Furthermore, nonlocality and related concepts play a critical role in defining the ultimate limits of what is possible in optics, photonics, and wave physics. this Roadmap aims to survey the most exciting developments in nonlocal photonic materials, highlight new opportunities and open challenges, and chart new pathways that will drive this emerging field forward–toward new scientific discoveries and technological advancements. Copyright © 2025, the Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nanocrystals

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