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Realizing the potential of Internet of Things (IoT) in Industrial applications

Discover Internet of Things 2025年第1期5卷 1-16页

作者： Rathi, Bharat Thapaswi, S. Kambhampati, Meghana Jain, Vineet Akshay, P. Pandey, Trilok Nath Pradhan, Sunil Kumar School of Electronics Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai600127 India School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai600127 India

The Internet of Things (IoT), which enables seamless connectivity and effective data exchange between physical items and digital systems, has completely changed the way we interact with our surroundings. This study evaluates IoT applications in healthcare, transportation, agriculture, and smart cities, highlighting advancements, opportunities, and challenges. Using a systematic literature review and case study analysis, it identifies essential IoT components, including sensors, communication protocols, data analytics, and security methods. Key findings demonstrate IoT's potential to enhance healthcare through real-time monitoring and cost reduction, optimize transportation systems for resource efficiency, improve agricultural productivity via precision farming, and enable sustainable urban development in smart cities. However, challenges like data privacy, interoperability, and scalability remain critical barriers to widespread adoption. This study underscores the need for interdisciplinary collaboration among researchers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders to address these challenges and unlock IoT's full potential. It provides actionable insights and future directions for realizing a connected, efficient, and sustainable IoT-driven future. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Precision agriculture

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AdaFedProx: A Heterogeneity-Aware Federated Deep Reinforcement Learning for Medical Image Classification

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IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 2024年第1期71卷 1432-1441页

作者： Sahoo, Pranab Tripathi, Ashutosh Saha, Sriparna Mondal, Samrat Singh, Jyoti Prakash Sharma, Bhisham Computer Science and Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology Patna India Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department The Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology India Indian Institute of Technology Computer Science and Engineering Department Patna India National Institute of Technology Computer Science and Engineering Department Patna India Chitkara University Centre of Research Impact and Outcome Punjab Rajpura140401 India

In the realm of smart healthcare, vast amounts of valuable patient data are generated worldwide. However, healthcare providers face challenges in data sharing due to privacy concerns. Federated learning (FL) offers a privacy-preserving solution by enabling collaborative model training without direct access to patient data. This decentralized approach utilizes data from diverse sources, resulting in a globally learned model with satisfactory performance across individual sites. However, federated training encounters challenges such as "system heterogeneity"in client specifications and "data heterogeneity"in imbalanced data distribution. Standard FL methods become unstable and require extensive hyperparameter tuning for optimal performance when facing heterogeneous clients, posing challenges in real-world applications. This research introduces a novel heterogeneity-aware federated learning approach named AdaFedProx to address the performance degradation resulting from heterogeneity. AdaFedProx utilizes a reinforcement learning-driven strategy, introducing a tailored proximal term into the objective function to incorporate partial client information in heterogeneous settings. Dynamically determining the proximal term based on individual client states, including critical characteristics like data distribution, system specification, and performance feedback, empowers AdaFedProx to make regularized decisions throughout the federated training. AdaFedProx consistently outperforms four state-of-the-art methods on three medical datasets across diverse heterogeneity settings (0%, 50%, and 75% straggler). The code can be found at https://***/Pranabiitp/AdaFedProx. © 1975-2011 IEEE.

关键词： Deep reinforcement learning

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Analytical Formulation and Numerical Investigation of Electromechanical Dynamics in Circular Biconvex Diaphragm Capacitive Pressure Sensor

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IEEE Sensors Journal 2025年第11期25卷 18867-18875页

作者： Rukshana Bi, Gajula Motwani, Mayank Jindal, Sumit Kumar Vellore Institute of Technology School of Electronics Engineering Vellore632014 India Vellore Institute of Technology School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore632014 India

Capacitive pressure sensors (CPSs) have attracted considerable interest due to their high sensitivity, low energy consumption, and potential for miniaturization, making them suitable for applications in automotive systems, consumer electronics, and industrial automation. The conventional designs of CPSs often face challenges such as limited sensitivity, mechanical instability, and difficulties in achieving increased sensitivity. This study presents a biconvex diaphragm using silicon, featuring a gradual thickness variation, with a maximum thickness at the center. This article offers a mathematical analysis of the sensor, featuring step-by-step derivations for parameters such as the maximum thickness of the diaphragm, working range, capacitance, and capacitive sensitivity. Finally, curves of capacitance and capacitive sensitivity with pressure are obtained in MATLAB, and the results are compared with those of prior works. The proposed sensor shows a more than threefold increase in capacitance and a nearly double improvement in capacitive sensitivity compared to the highest previously reported double touch mode capacitive pressure sensor (DTMCPS). The deflection of the diaphragm is obtained using COMSOL. © 2001-2012 IEEE.

关键词： MATLAB

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Machine and deep learning techniques for the prediction of diabetics: a review

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第18期84卷 19425-19549页

作者： Modak, Sandip Kumar Singh Jha, Vijay Kumar Department of Computer Science & Engineering Sarala Birla University Jharkhand Ranchi India Department of Computer Science & Engineering Birla Institute of Technology Mesra Ranchi India

Diabetes has become one of the significant reasons for public sickness and death in worldwide. By 2019, diabetes had affected more than 463 million people worldwide. According to the International Diabetes Federation report, this figure is expected to rise to more than 700 million in 2040, so early screening and diagnosis of diabetes patients have great significance in detecting and treating diabetes on time. Diabetes is a multi factorial metabolic disease, its diagnostic criteria are difficult to cover all the ethology, damage degree, pathogenesis and other factors, so there is a situation for uncertainty and imprecision under various aspects of the medical diagnosis process. With the development of Data mining, researchers find that machine learning and deep learning, playing an important role in diabetes prediction research. This paper is an in-depth study on the application of machine learning and deep learning techniques in the prediction of diabetics. In addition, this paper also discusses the different methodology used in machine and deep learning for prediction of diabetics since last two decades and examines the methods used, to explore their successes and failure. This review would help researchers and practitioners understand the current state-of-the-art methods and identify gaps in the literature. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Data mining

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Comprehensive analysis of various imputation and forecasting models for predicting PM2.5 pollutant in Delhi

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第17期37卷 11441-11458页

作者： Karnati, Hemanth Soma, Anuraag Alam, Adnan Kalaavathi, B. School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu Vellore632014 India Department of IoT School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu Vellore632014 India

Understanding and predicting air quality is pivotal for public health and environmental management, especially in urban areas like Delhi. This study utilizes a comprehensive dataset from the Central Pollution Control Board, detailing air pollutant concentrations at the ITO (Income Tax Office), Delhi station, from 2017 to 2023. Our focus on pollutants such as PM2.5, PM10, NO2, NH3, SO2, ozone, and CO highlights the challenges posed by missing data in environmental studies. Through the application of several imputation models, including KNN, linear regression, forward fill + backward fill, Fourier + KNN, linear interpolation, and statistical methods, we identified combination of forward fill and backward fill as the most effective method for addressing data gaps, specifically for ozone measurements. Building on this imputed dataset, we employ various forecasting models to predict PM2.5 levels, a critical pollutant. Our exploration includes time series and deep learning approaches, such as LSTM, Bi-LSTM, CNN-LSTM, GRU, Deep AR, WaveNet, TCN, ARIMA, SARIMA, and Prophet. The performance of these models is evaluated using daily data, with Bi-LSTM and LSTM with attention emerging as the top performers due to their accuracy in predicting PM2.5 concentrations. The implications of our findings extend beyond academic interest, offering practical insights for environmental policy and health advisories in Delhi. By demonstrating the efficacy of specific imputation and forecasting techniques, our research contributes to the broader effort of improving air quality monitoring and prediction. The success of Bi-LSTM and LSTM with attention models, in particular, suggests a promising avenue for future studies aiming to enhance the precision of environmental forecasts. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Time series

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Automatic lung cancer detection using hybrid particle snake swarm optimization with optimized mask RCNN

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年第31期83卷 76807-76831页

作者： Sudha, R. Maheswari, K. M. Uma Department of Computer Science and Engineering School of computing College of engineering and technology SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur India Department of Computing Technologies School of Computing College of engineering and technology SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur India

As a result of its aggressive nature and late identification at advanced stages, lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths. Lung cancer early diagnosis is a serious and difficult challenge that is crucial to a person's survival. The first diagnosis of the malignant nodules is typically made using chest radiography (X-rays) and computed tomography (CT) scans;however, the potential presence of benign nodules results in incorrect conclusions. The early phases of both benign and malignant nodules exhibit striking similarities. In this paper, a novel deep learning-based model is proposed for the precise diagnosis of malignant nodules. The proposed approach consists of two stages namely, pre-processing and lung nodule detection. Initially, the Lung CT scan images are collected from the dataset. Then, to remove the noise present in the input image, we apply an adaptive median filter. Then, to enhance the image, Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) is applied. After pre-processing, the image is given to the optimized mask RCNN classifier to detect the malignant and benign nodules. To enhance the performance of the Mask RCNN classifier, the hyper-parameters are optimally selected using hybrid particle snake swarm optimization (PS2OA). The proposed PS2OA is a hybridization of particle swarm optimization (PSO) and snake swarm optimization (SSO). The performance of the proposed approach is analyzed based on different metrics and effectiveness compared with state-of-the-art works. The proposed approach attained the maximum accuracy of 97.67%. This work aimed at assisting radiologists to detect and diagnose small-size pulmonary nodules more accurately. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Diagnosis

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Classification of Brain Tumours in Medical Images Through the Application of Machine Learning 1

Classification of Brain Tumours in Medical Images Through th...

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1st International Conference on Data, Computation and Communication, ICDCC 2024

作者： Kuntal, Heena Siddiqui, Ebtasam Ahmad Artificial Intelligence & Data Science Poornima Institute of Engineering & Technology Jaipur India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331532956

Early detection of brain tumors is crucial, yet existing segmentation methods have not yielded satisfactory results. Brain tumors are deadlier than many other cancers, primarily because their complex structures often merge with normal tissues, complicating classification. This study explores machine learning techniques to classify brain tumors - specifically Glioma, Meningioma, and Pituitary tumors - using an MRI scan dataset. We employ convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and ensemble approaches, integrating advanced pre-processing, feature extraction, and model optimization for improved accuracy. Our models achieve state-of-the-art precision, recall, and F1 scores, outperforming traditional methods. Future work will expand the dataset and incorporate multimodal imaging and federated learning to improve generalization and privacy. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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REAL-TIME GLUCOSE MONITORING SYSTEM AND DIETARY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR DIABETES MELLITUS USING FOG COMPUTING

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Telecommunications and Radio engineering (English translation of Elektrosvyaz and Radiotekhnika) 2025年第5期84卷 55-67页

作者： Sathish, N. Elangovan, D. Nagalakshmi, R. Suresh, G. Chitra, Devi D. Department of Computer Science and Engineering Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology Chennai India Department of Information Technology Saveetha Engineering College Chennai India Department of Computer Science and Engineering SRM Institute of Science and Technology Ramapuram Chennai India Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Kings Engineering College Sriperumbudur India Department of Computer Science And Engineering S.A. Engineering College Chennai India

This systematic review gave special attention to diabetes and the advancements in food and nutrition needed to prevent or manage diabetes in all its forms. There are two main forms of diabetes mellitus: Type 1 (T1D) and Type 2 (T2D). The loss of beta cells brought on by an autoimmune reaction causes the pancreas to be unable to produce enough insulin, which leads to Type 1 diabetes. A deficiency of insulin could arise as the illness worsens. The most frequent cause is a combination of excessive body weight and inadequate exercise. Currently, 90–95% of patients have Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Age-specific normal blood sugar ranges exist and knowing them is crucial for determining a target blood sugar level that is both healthy and appropriate. The main takeaway is that diet regimens ought to be tailored to the patient’s requirements and should account for their capacity for change. Carbohydrates are the nutrients that have the biggest impact on the rise in blood glucose. In this paper, we have proposed a novel method for glucose monitoring and diet recommendations for diabetic patients using fog computing. A paradigm known as fog computing makes use of the benefits that come from using both cloud and edge devices to support modern computing systems by offering high-quality services, cutting latency, facilitating mobility, supporting multi-tenancy, and many other features. © 2025 by Begell House, Inc.

关键词： Fog computing

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EPDTNet + -EM: Advanced Transfer Learning and SubNet Architecture for Medical Image Diagnosis

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Cognitive Computation 2025年第2期17卷 1-22页

作者： K, Dhivya K, Sangamithrai S, Indra Priyadharshini M, Vedaraj Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SRM Institute of Science and Technology Tamilnadu Kattankulathur India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R & d Institute of Science and Technology Tamilnadu Chennai India School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai India Department of Computer Science and Engineering R.M.D. Engineering College RSM Nagar Tamilnadu Kavaraipettai Thiruvallur601206 India

This paper presents a novel medical imaging framework, Efficient Parallel Deep Transfer SubNet+-based Explainable Model (EPDTNet + -EM), designed to improve the detection and classification of abnormalities in medical images. The model integrates Enhanced Exponential Transfer Learning (En-ETL) and the Parallel SubNet (PSNet +) architecture, addressing challenges like overfitting, high computational cost, and limited generalization across complex datasets. En-ETL accelerates learning and enhances precision, while PSNet + balances computational efficiency and performance through parallel convolutional layers and an axis attention mechanism. The proposed framework preprocesses medical images using resizing, noise removal, and contrast enhancement, ensuring high-quality inputs for analysis. For classification, the PSNet + model categorizes medical images into normal and abnormal cases. Explainable AI (XAI) is applied to highlight key features in classified images, improving interpretability and clinical decision-making. Experimental results validate the framework on various datasets, including MRI, CT, X-ray, and mammography images. The proposed model achieves a classification accuracy of 98.83%, a false positive rate of 2%, and an execution time of 5.3 ms. Comparative Analysis show superior performance over existing approaches in classification accuracy and efficiency. Ablation studies confirmed the significant contributions of the proposed model using each component in enhancing performance. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Transfer learning

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Automated Diabetic Retinopathy detection and classification using stochastic coordinate descent deep learning architectures

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Materials Today: Proceedings 2023年 80卷 3333-3345页

作者： Rosline Mary, A. Kavitha, P. Department of Computer Science and Engineering Vemana Institute of Technology Bengaluru India Department of Computer Science and Engineering CMR Institute of Technology Bengaluru India

A new stochastic coordinate descent deep learning architectures optimization is proposed for Automated Diabetic Retinopathy Detection and Classification from different data sets and convolution networks. Initially, the layer-by-layer comparison of convolution matrix, pooling, transition, and dense of each network along with their matrix order is examined. Loss minimization after the testing data from the prediction analysis is considered as objective function for every stage of convolution networks. Similarity among the networks is identified for optimizing the matrix order of each layer and the minimization is performed for classifying the Diabetic Retinopathy level. The performance of the proposed optimization architectures confirmed through confusion matrix for every data set taking training accuracy and data loss as measures. The result of the proposed optimized schemes shows that for different the datasets different in amount data displays the dominance than existing schemes. The numerical analysis of different training accuracy and data loss is presented for validating the proposed work. © 2021

关键词： Convolution

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