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作者： Cai, Zhijun Bai, Er-Wei Shield, Richard K. Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Iowa Iowa City IA 52242 United States Graduate Program in Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science University of Iowa Iowa City IA 52242 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783902661494

Electrical muscle stimulation demonstrates potential for restoring functional movement and for preventing muscle atrophy after spinal cord injury (SCI). To optimize delivery of electrical stimulation protocols, an accurate and easy-to-implement mathematical skeletal muscle model is essential. The existing models are either accurate but complex, making them hard to implement, such as the Hill-Huxley-type model, or simple but inaccurate, such as second order model. In this paper, we propose a Wiener-Hammerstein system to model the paralyzed skeletal muscle dynamics under electrical stimulus conditions. The proposed model has substantial advantages in identification algorithm analysis and implementation including computational complexity and convergence. Experimental data sets were collected on soleus muscles under 15 Hz frequency stimulation for fourteen subjects with SCI. The simulation results show that the proposed model outperforms the Hill-Huxley-type model not only in peak force prediction, but also in fitting performance for force output of each individual stimulation train. © 2009 IFAC.

关键词： Muscle

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A massively parallel hardware architecture for ray-tracing

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International Journal of High Performance Systems Architecture 2009年第1期2卷 26-34页

作者： Nery, A.S. Nedjah, N. França, F.M.G. Computer Architecture and Microelectronics Laboratory Systems Engineering and Computer Science Program COPPE P.O. Box 68511 21941-972 Rio de Janeiro Brazil Department of Electronics Engineering and Telecommunications Faculty of Engineering Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rua Sao Francisco Xavier 524 Sala 5145-F Maracana 20.550-900 Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Department of Electronics Engineering and Telecommunications Faculty of Engineering State University of Rio de Janeiro Brazil Brazil

Real time performance of non-interactive rendering of three-dimensional scenes is usually unachievable. Ray tracing is one of the methods used for rendering such scenes. The performance achieved by a sequential software-based implementation of ray tracing is far from satisfactory. In contrast, many parallel implementations of ray tracing have been enabling real time performance, as the underlying algorithm can be massively parallelised. Thus, it is expected that a custom parallel design in hardware is likely to achieve the acceptable performance standards. In this paper, we propose a hardware architecture, which we call GridRT, capable of dealing with the main desirable features of ray tracing, such as shadows and reflections effects, imposing low requirements in terms of silicon area while achieving acceptable performance in terms of rendering time. This architecture achieves is efficient yet compact as it explores the massive parallelism offered by the intrinsic structure of the algorithm. The design exploits the usage the spatial data structure of regular grids. Copyright © 2009 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

关键词： Ray tracing

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SpMT WaveCache: Exploiting Thread-Level Parallelism in WaveScalar

SpMT WaveCache: Exploiting Thread-Level Parallelism in WaveS...

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computer science and Information engineering, CSIE, WRI World Congress on FLAGGED

作者： Songwen Pei Baifeng Wu Min Du Gang Chen Leandro A.J. Marzulo Felipe M.G. Franca School of Computer Science Fudan University Shanghai China Systems Engineering and Computer Science Program COPPE Rio de Janeiro Brazil

Speculative multithreading (SpMT) increases the performance by means of executing multiple threads speculatively to exploit thread-level parallelism. By combining software and hardware approaches, we have improved the capabilities of previous WaveScalar ISA on the basis of transactional memory system for the WaveCache Architecture. Threads are extracted at the course of static compiling, and speculatively executed as a thread-level transaction that is supported by extra hardware components, such as thread-context-table (TCT) and thread-memory-history (TMH). We have evaluated the SpMT WaveCache with 6 real benchmarks from SPEC, Mediabench and Mibench. On the whole, the SpMT WaveCache outperforms superscalar architecture ranging from 2times to 3times, and great performance gains are achieved over original WaveCache and transactional WaveCache as well.

关键词： Yarn Parallel processing Multithreading Hardware computer science computer architecture Instruction sets Out of order program processors Protocols

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Online Support Vector Regression based value function approximation for Reinforcement Learning

Online Support Vector Regression based value function approx...

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IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE)

作者： Dong-Hyun Lee Vo Van Quang Sungho Jo Ju-Jang Lee Robotics Program KAIST Daejeon Korea School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science KAIST Daejeon Korea KAIST School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Daejeon Korea

This paper proposes the online Support Vector Regression (SVR) based value function approximation method for Reinforcement Learning (RL). This approach conserves the Support Vector Machine (SVM)'s good property, the generalization which is a key issue of function approximation. Online SVR can do incremental learning and automatically track variation of environment with time-varying characteristics. Using the online SVR, we can obtain the fast and good estimation of value function and achieve RL objective efficiently. Throughout simulation tests, the feasibility and usefulness of the proposed approach is demonstrated by comparison with SARSA and Q-learning.

关键词： Function approximation Learning Support vector machines State estimation Electronic mail Quadratic programming Industrial electronics computer science Robotics and automation Testing

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Directional analysis and filtering for dust storm detection in NOAA-AVHRR imagery

Directional analysis and filtering for dust storm detection ...

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Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XV

作者： Janugani, S. Jayaram, V. Cabrera, S.D. Rosiles, J.G. Gill, T.E. Rivera, N. Rivera Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering United States Environmental Science and Engineering Program Dept. of Geological Sciences University of Texas at El Paso 500 W. University Ave. El Paso TX 79968-0523 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780819476005

In this paper, we propose spatio-spectral processing techniques for the detection of dust storms and automatically finding its transport direction in 5-band NOAA-AVHRR imagery. Previous methods that use simple band math analysis have produced promising results but have drawbacks in producing consistent results when low signal to noise ratio (SNR) images are used. Moreover, in seeking to automate the dust storm detection, the presence of clouds in the vicinity of the dust storm creates a challenge in being able to distinguish these two types of image texture. This paper not only addresses the detection of the dust storm in the imagery, it also attempts to find the transport direction and the location of the sources of the dust storm. We propose a spatio-spectral processing approach with two components: visualization and automation. Both approaches are based on digital image processing techniques including directional analysis and filtering. The visualization technique is intended to enhance the image in order to locate the dust sources. The automation technique is proposed to detect the transport direction of the dust storm. These techniques can be used in a system to provide timely warnings of dust storms or hazard assessments for transportation, aviation, environmental safety, and public health © 2009 SPIE.

关键词： Image texture

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Autonomous microfluidic sensing device employing liquid crystal for detection of biological interactions

Autonomous microfluidic sensing device employing liquid crys...

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TRANSDUCERS 2009 - 15th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems

作者： Cheng, D. Lin, I.H. Abbott, N.L. Jiang, H. Materials Science Program University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI United States Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781424441938

We report the design of an autonomous sensing device, which employs a thermotropic nematic liquid crystal (LC) to conduct chemical or biological sensing tasks. The development of highly reproducible methods to create uniform LC thin film is critical for utilizing LCs for sensing. Herein, we describe the use of shear forces generated by the laminar flow of liquid within a microfluidic channel to create thin LC films stabilized within microfabricated structures. The orientational response of the supported LC films to targeted analytes in aqueous phases was observed through changes in the optical birefringence of the LC thin films. Experiments employing two systems are reported: (i) dodecyl trimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) dissolved in aqueous solution, and (ii) the hydrolysis of phospholipids by the enzyme phospholipase A2 (PLA2). ©2009 IEEE.

关键词： Phospholipids

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Determination of thermal parameters of nanostructures exhibiting one-dimensional heat flow through a thermal transient method

Determination of thermal parameters of nanostructures exhibi...

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2009 MRS Spring Meeting

作者： Arriagada, Anton Yu, Edward T. Bandaru, Prabhakar R. Deparment of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California at San Diego San Diego CA 92093-0407 United States Materials Science Program Mechanical Engineering Department University of California at San Diego San Diego CA 92093-0411 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781615677832

We present an improved methodology for a thermal transient method enabling simultaneous measurement of thermal conductivity and specific heat of nanoscale structures with one-dimensional heat flow. The temporal response of a sample to finite duration heat pulse inputs for both short (1 ns) and long (5 μs) pulses is analyzed and exploited to deduce the thermal properties. Excellent agreement has been obtained between the recovered physical parameters and computational simulations. © 2009 Materials Research Society.

关键词： Specific heat

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Incorporation of interoperability in a robot-assisted orthopedic surgery system

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25th Southern Biomedical engineering Conference 2009

作者： Vanicatte, M. Krishnan, S.M. Arney, D. Lee, I. Goldman, J.M. Department of Computer and Information Science University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia United States Biomedical Engineering Program Wentworth Institute of Technology Boston United States Department of Anesthesia and CIMIT Massachusetts General Hospital Boston United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783642016967

The current robot-assisted surgery has built in significant safety features, force feedback system, pre-operative planning software, but due to a lack of communication between the robot and the surrounding medical devices, undesirable and potentially unsafe actions could still occur, endangering the patient condition. To achieve major improvement of safety during an operation, an interoperability feature is implemented in a robot-assisted orthopedic surgery system coupled with smart interactions between medical devices. The proposed design consists of integrating an interoperable central decision-making unit (CDMU), wirelessly activating safety interlocks on the surgical robot and preventing surgical complications. Two different patient states, namely, normal and critical risk states, were simulated, and the reactions of the designed system were analyzed. In the interoperability-based design, the system is able to achieve appropriate reactions to various situations at risk in a timely manner, increasing the confidence of the clinical staff operating then in a safer robot-assisted surgery environment. © 2009 Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

关键词： Decision making

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Gait recognition system tailored for Arab costume of the Gulf region

Gait recognition system tailored for Arab costume of the Gul...

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IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology (ISSPIT)

作者： Tamer Shanableh Khaled Assaleh Layla Al - Hajjaj AbdulWahab Kabani Department of computer science and Engineering American University of Sharjah UAE Department of Electrical Engineering American University of Sharjah UAE Computer Science program American university of Sharjah UAE

Existing work on gait recognition is focused on casual (western) customs hence not suitable for the gulf region where long gowns are used for both men and women. This paper proposes a gait recognition solution that is suitable for both gulf customs and casual customs. The solution is based on computing an adaptive image prediction between consecutive images. The resultant predictions are then accumulated into one image and transformed using either discrete cosine transformation (DCT) or Radon transformation. The feature vectors of the gait are computed from such transformed images. Feature modeling based on polynomial networks follows. The proposed solution is tested on a dataset with around 100 participants with mixed genders and mixed customs. The proposed system yields an impressive classification rates approaching 100% accuracy.

关键词： Least squares approximation Electrocardiography Computational complexity Noise cancellation Computational modeling Adaptive filters Steady-state Educational institutions Signal to noise ratio Vectors

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Design of interoperability-coupled safe infusion therapy in a telemetry setting

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25th Southern Biomedical engineering Conference 2009

作者： Krishnan, S.M. Vanicatte, M. Arney, D. Lee, I. Goldman, J.M. Biomedical Engineering Program Wentworth Institute of Technology Boston United States Department of Computer and Information Science University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia United States Department of Anesthesia CIMIT Massachusetts General Hospital Boston United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783642016967

Reliable wireless transmission of medical data is achievable in a modern telemetry setting and is put to good use. However, intercommunications among the different medical devices and initiation of controls to avoid unsafe incidents are generally not available. Interoperability among medical devices connected to a patient at a remote site is a challenging feature for practical realization that would increase safety. A new system is proposed to improve infusion therapy safety by implementing an interoperability feature coupled with a smart clinical decision support system. This system is designed to respond promptly to medication error alerts by the use of safety commands and interlocks. The design incorporates an innovative Intelligent Interoperability Supervisor (IIS) in the system which includes an infusion pump (or pumps) delivering drug therapy to a patient connected to relevant monitoring devices. A local decision support unit in IIS in the remote location analyzes the data transmitted by interface modules on the connected medical devices and verifies with preset patient-specific alarm criteria to detect presence of any crisis or to predict potential adverse episode. If the situation is assessed to be critical, IIS sends appropriate alert signals to a remote clinical care giver and control commands to the infusion pump to activate appropriate safety interlocks. Different critical situations of clinical cases are simulated in a conventional infusion therapy system (Configuration A), and in an IIS-implemented system (Configuration B). In Configuration A, there would be a significant delay between alarm occurrence and clinician intervention;such a time delay could lead to potential deterioration of patient condition. In Configuration B, clinically abnormal values are detected and the patient state is analyzed. If the situation demands, the system would promptly initiate the stop control command to the corresponding infusion pump ensuring safety and alerting the cl

关键词： Decision support systems

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