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IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems (NEMS)

作者： Jin-Woo Kim Nalinikanth Kotagiri Russell Deaton Steve Tung Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR USA IEEE Senior Member Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR 72701 USA. Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR 72701 USA. Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR USA

Molecular wire construction using DNA-directed self-assembly of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) has been attempted. MWNTs were selected owing to their exceptional electrical and structural properties. DNA, which possesses specific molecular recognition properties, served as the engine for the assembly. Non-crosshybridizing (NCH) sequences were designed to impart specificity and high throughput reaction. Stepwise manufacturing of the wire was accomplished by first functionalizing the NCH 20 base pair single-stranded sequences to the tips of MWNT using amide linkage. The adducts were then utilized to self-assemble 1D nanotube wire through DNA hybridization reactions between two complementary ssDNAs functionalized to the MWNT tips. TEM, epi-fluorescent microscopy and AFM analyses showed successful assemblies of micrometer-scale 1D MWNT-DNA wires, ranging from 2.7-20 mum. The results demonstrate great potentials of the DNA-guided self-assembly process, which would provide an uncomplicated, versatile and inexpensive way to manufacture micrometer-scale molecular wires.

关键词： Self-assembly Carbon nanotubes Wire Atomic force microscopy Transmission electron microscopy DNA Assembly Sequences Engines Throughput

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A Method to Realize Controlled Air/Liquid Interfaces and Interfacial Polymer Micro Membranes in Microfluidic Channels

A Method to Realize Controlled Air/Liquid Interfaces and Int...

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IEEE SENSORS

作者： Daming Cheng YoungJoon Paul Choe Hongrui Jiang Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Wisconsin Madison Madison USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Wisconsin Madison Madison WI USA Materials Science Program University of Wisconsin-Madison USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI. Email: hongrui@engr.wisc.edu

In this study, stable air/liquid interfaces and high-aspect ratio polymer micro membranes with complex and controlled structures were formed within microfluidic channels. The air/liquid interfaces were formed at hydrophilic/hydrophobic boundaries defined by patterned and alkanethiols treated Cu surfaces. The two-phase interfaces were further utilized for interfacial polymerization with two immiscible liquid phases containing the reagents for polymer membrane in the microchannel, to generate polymer micro membranes with not only complex in-plane shapes but also z-direction configurations. To demonstrate this method, high quality and complex nylon membranes were fabricated in microchannels. Straight membranes as long as 15mm, 50 mum thick and 500 mum tall in a microfluidic channel were successfully fabricated, and membranes with different structures were realized.

关键词： Polymers Biomembranes Microfluidics Surface treatment Glass Microchannel Shape Materials science and technology Chemical processes Gold

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Non-Crosshybridizing Oligonucleotide Building Blocks for Accurate, Scalable Nanofabrication

Non-Crosshybridizing Oligonucleotide Building Blocks for Acc...

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IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems (NEMS)

作者： Jin-woo Kim Ju Seok Lee Russell Deaton Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR USA IEEE Senior Member Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR 72701 USA. Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR 72701 USA.

The urgent need in the field of nanotechnology is functional, reliable, and scalable techniques for more complicated and controlled nanostructures in order to realize nanoscale materials and devices that have practical use and more capability than existing technologies. This paper addresses this need by presenting an in vitro protocol to select large non-crosshybridizing (NCH) libraries of oligonucleotides that provide a large address space of DNA sequences with which to increase both complexity and control in DNA-directed self-assembly processes. The selection protocol was experimentally verified and confirmed. The resultant large NCH libraries would allow self-assembling complex nanostructures with more precise control, leading to reliable, scaled-up, cost-effective manufacturing of nanoscale devices and systems.

关键词： Nanofabrication Nanostructures Nanostructured materials Nanoscale devices Space technology Protocols Libraries Self-assembly Nanotechnology Materials reliability

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Evolutionary design of intrusion detection programs

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International Journal of Network Security 2007年第3期4卷 328-339页

作者： Abraham, Ajith Grosan, Crina Martin-Vide, Carlos IITA Professorship Program School of Computer Science and Engineering Yonsei University 134 Shinchon-dong Sudaemoon-ku Seoul 120-749 Korea Republic of Department of Computer Science Babes-Bolyai University Kogalniceanu 1 Cluj-Napoca 400084 Romania Rovira i Virgili University Spain

Intrusion detection is the process of monitoring the events occurring in a computer system or network and analyzing them for signs of intrusions, defined as attempts to compromise the confidentiality, integrity, availability, or to bypass the security mechanisms of a computer or net-work. This paper proposes the development of an Intrusion Detection program (IDP) which could detect known attack patterns. An IDP does not eliminate the use of any preventive mechanism but it works as the last defensive mechanism in securing the system. Three variants of genetic programming techniques namely Linear Ge-netic programming (LGP), Multi-Expression programming (MEP) and Gene Expression programming (GEP) were evaluated to design IDP. Several indices are used for comparisons and a detailed analysis of MEP technique is provided. Empirical results reveal that genetic programming technique could play a major role in developing IDP, which are light weight and accurate when compared to some of the conventional intrusion detection systems based on machine learning paradigms.

关键词： Intrusion detection

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Arm-Training with T-WREX After Chronic Stroke: Preliminary Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Arm-Training with T-WREX After Chronic Stroke: Preliminary R...

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IEEE International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics (ICORR)

作者： Sarah J. Housman Vu Le Tariq Rahman Robert J. Sanchez David J. Reinkensmeyer Sensory Motor Performance Program Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago Chicago IL USA Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering University of California Irvine Irvine CA USA Computer Science and Mechanical Engineering Departments University of Delaware Newark DE USA

This study presents preliminary results of a randomized controlled trial comparing a novel passive arm orthosis training system, the Therapy Wilmington Robotic Exoskeleton (T-WREX), with conventional self-directed upper extremity exercises. Chronic stroke survivors (n = 23) with moderate to severe upper limb hemiparesis trained three times per week for eight weeks with minimal supervision from an occupational therapist. Both groups demonstrated significant improvements in arm movement ability according to the Fugl-Meyer (3.7 point mean improvement in T-WREX group, p = 0.001, and 2.7 point improvement in control group, p = 0.003). Individuals who completed T-WREX training also demonstrated significant gains in self-rated quality of arm movement on the Motor Activity Log (p=0.05), and showed a trend towards greater gains on all clinical measures, although this trend was not significant at the current study size. Post-treatment surveys revealed a subjective preference for T-WREX training over conventional gravity-supported exercises. These preliminary results suggest that the T-WREX is a safe device feasible for clinical use, and effective in enhancing upper extremity motor recovery and patient motivation. Next steps are discussed.

关键词： Medical treatment Extremities Rehabilitation robotics Control systems Aerospace engineering Gravity Robots Exoskeletons Current measurement Gain measurement

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A systematic approach to quantifying evolutionary functional trends across the universal tree of life

A systematic approach to quantifying evolutionary functional...

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7th IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Bioengineering, BIBE

作者： Alterovitz, Gil Muso, Taro Malalur, Paresh Ramoni, Marco F. Division of Health Sciences and Technology Harvard Medical School Massachusetts Institute of Technology Boston MA United States Children's Hospital Informatics Program Boston MA United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA United States Harvard Partners Center for Genetics and Genomics Harvard Medical School Boston MA United States

ISBN: (纸本)1424415098

The accumulation of genomic and proteomic data of many organisms presents an opportunity to analyze entire phylogenetic trees in a systematic, quantified manner. The universal tree of life, constructed by genomic data, provides an evolutionary context for proteomic data of individual organisms. Using proteomic information mapped to biological functions, we survey the tree of life for evolutionary trends, where trends are low p-value linear regressions of relative protein diversity against an evolutionary timeline. These trends provide quantified perspectives across evolution that would be otherwise difficult to discern from the large amount of available bioinformatic data. We analyzed 22,762 functions across 167 proteomes for approximately 3.8 million information content calculations. Of particular interest is the rise of protein-protein interactions along the path of mammalian evolution. Of general interest are the numerous uncovered trends that open the door to future queries of focused scope. ©2007 IEEE.

关键词： Information theory

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Lattice Boltzmann algorithms for fluid turbulence

Lattice Boltzmann algorithms for fluid turbulence

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Department of Defense - HPCMP Users Group Conference 2007;High Performance Computing Modernization program: A Bridge to Future Defense, DoD HPCMP UGC

作者： Vahala, George Yepez, Jeffrey Soe, Min Vahala, Linda Ziegeler, Sean Department of Physics College of William and Mary Williamsburg VA United States Hanscom Field MA United States Department of Mathematics and Science Rogers State University Claremore OK United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Old Dominion University Norfolk VA United States High Performance Computing Modernization Program Mississippi State University MS United States

ISBN: (纸本)0769530885

Lattice Boltzmann algorihms are a mesoscopic representation of nonlinear continuum physics (like Navier-Stokes, magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), Gross-Pitaevskii equations) which are ideal for parallel supercomputers because they transform the difficult nonlinear convective macroscopic derivatives into purely local moments of distribution functions. The macroscopic nonlinearities are recovered by relaxation distribution functions in the collision operator whose dependence on the macroscopic velocity is algebraically nonlinear and thus purely local. Unlike standard computational fluid dynamics codes, there is no loss in parallelization in handling arbitrary geometric boundaries, e.g., using bounce-back rules from kinetic theory. By encoding detailed balance into the collision operator through the introduction of discrete H-function, the lattice Boltzmann algorithm can be made unconditionally stable for arbitrary high Reynolds numbers. It is shown that this approach is a special case of a quantum lattice Boltzmann algorithm that entangles local qubits through unitary collision operators and which is ideally parallelized on quantum computer architectures. Here we consider turbulence simulations using 2,048 PEs on a 1,6003-spatial grid. A connection is found between the rate of change of enstrophy and the onset of laminar-to-turbulent flows. © 2007 IEEE.

关键词： Magnetohydrodynamics

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Quantitative and qualitative results of the national program for e-learning in Taiwan

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WSEAS Transactions on computers 2007年第3期6卷 546-551页

作者： Chang, Maiga Wang, Chin-Yeh Chen, Gwo-Dong National Science and Technology Program for e-Learning in Taiwan 300 Jhongda Rd. Chung-Li 32001 Taiwan Dept. of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Central Univ. 300 Jhongda Rd. Chung-Li 32001 Taiwan

This paper provides an overview of quantitative and qualitative outcome of the national program for e-learning in Taiwan (ELNP for short). The national program was planned and initiated in 2002 by the National science Council. Taiwan government wished to promote e-learning industry and make all people have same opportunity to learn knowledge via e-learning. A five-year national program for e-learning started from 2003. This paper shows both of quantitative and qualitative outcomes of national program in the past four years from four different ways: public welfare, academic researching output, e-learning industry, technological results.

关键词： E-learning

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A weighted k-nearest neighbor method for gene ontology based protein function prediction

A weighted k-nearest neighbor method for gene ontology based...

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2nd International Multi-Symposiums on computer and Computational sciences 2007, IMSCCS'07

作者： Kharsikar, Saket Mugler, Dale Sheffer, Daniel Moore, Francisco Duan, Zhong-Hui Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Akron Akron OH 44236 United States Department of Theoretical and Applied Mathematics University of Akron Akron OH 44236 United States Integrated Bioscience PhD Program University of Akron Akron OH 44236 United States Department of Biology University of Akron Akron OH 44236 United States Department of Computer Science University of Akron Akron OH 44236 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0769530397

Numerous genome projects have produced a large and ever increasing amount of genomic sequence data. However, the biological functions of many proteins encoded by the sequences remain unknown. Protein function annotation and prediction become an essential and challenging task of post-genomic research. In this paper, we present an automated protein function prediction system based on a set of proteins of known biological functions. The functions of the proteins are characterized with gene ontology (GO) annotations. The prediction system uses a novel measure to calculate the pair-wise overall similarity between protein sequences. The protein function prediction is performed based on the GO annotations of similar sequences using a weighted k-nearest neighbor method. We show the prediction accuracies obtained using the model organism yeast (Sacchyromyces cerevisiae). The results indicate that the weighted k-nearest neighbor method significantly outperforms the regular k-nearest neighbor method for protein molecular function prediction. © 2007 IEEE.

关键词： Proteins

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Towards better utilization of NEXRAD data in hydrology: An overview of hydro-NEXRAD

Towards better utilization of NEXRAD data in hydrology: An o...

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作者： Krajewski, Witold F. Kruger, Anton Lawrence, Ramon Smith, James A. Bradley, A. Allen Steiner, Matthias Baeck, Mary Lynn Ramamurthy, Mohan K. Weber, Jeffrey DelGreco, Stephen A. Seo, Bong-Chul Domaszczynski, Piotr Gunyon, Charles Goska, Radoslaw IIHR-Hydroscience and Engineering University of Iowa Iowa IA 52242 United States Civil and Environmental Engineering Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544 United States Unidata Program Center UCAR Boulder CO 80307 United States National Center for Atmospheric Research UCAR Boulder CO 80307 United States National Climatic Data Center Ashville NC 28801 United States Computer Science University of British Columbia Okanagan BC V1V 1V7 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9780784409275

With a very modest investment in computer hardware and the open source local data manger (LDM) software from UCAR's Unidata program Center, an individual researcher can receive a variety of NEXRAD Level III gridded rainfall products, and the unprocessed Level II data in real-time from most NEXRAD radars. Additionally, the National Climatic Data Center has vast archives of these products and Level II data. Still, significant obstacles remain in order to unlock the full potential of the data. One set of obstacles is related to effective management of multi-terrabyte data sets: storing, compressing, and backing up. A second set of obstacles, for hydrologists and hydrometeorologists in particular, is that the NEXRAD Level III products are not well suited for application in hydrology. There is a strong need for the generation of high-quality products directly from the Level II data with well-documented steps that include quality control, removal of false echoes, rainfall estimation algorithms with variety of corrections, coordinate conversion and georeferencing, conversion to a convenient data format(s), and integration with GIS. For hydrologists it is imperative that these procedures are basin-centered as opposed to radar-centered. Thirdly, the amount of data present in a multi-year, multi-radar dataset is such that simple cataloging and indexing of the data is not sufficient. Rather, sophisticated metadata extraction and management techniques are required. The authors describe and discuss the Hydro-NEXRAD software system that addresses the above three challenges. With support from the National science Foundation through its ITR program, the authors are developing a basin-centered framework for addressing all these issues in a comprehensive manner, tailored specifically for use of NEXRAD data in hydrology and hydrometeorology. Through a flexible web interface users can search a large metadata database base, managed by a relational database, for subsets of interest. Well

关键词： Open systems

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