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Offsets Reconstruction Method for Clock Skew Measurement Over High-Jitter Communication

SN computer science 2025年第5期6卷 1-14页

作者： Sastra, Nyoman Putra Saputra, Komang Oka Teng, Wei-Chung Study Program of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Udayana University Jalan Raya Kampus Bukit Jimbaran Bali Badung 80361 Indonesia Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology No. 43 Section 4 Keelung Rd Taipei 106 China

Measuring clock skew of devices over a network fully relies on the offsets, the differences between sending and receiving times. Offsets that shape a thick line are the most ideal one as their slope is directly the clock skew sought. When some outliers separate from the thick line due to higher delay jitter, current advanced approaches use the lower bound or the majority of offsets to derive accurate clock skew. However, outliers in offsets that shape parallel dotted lines, reduce the availability of offsets in the lower region, and scatter widely the offsets from their majority zone. These conditions drive the current skew estimation approaches to lose their accuracy. This paper then developed a new method, which reconstructs back the outliers into their origin positions, in order to provide ideal offsets for clock skew measurement. The experimental evaluations have demonstrated that the clock skew accuracy of dotted-lines offsets tampered by outliers was improved from 2.1 to 0.9 ppm by the proposed reconstruction method. For a broader purpose, the reconstruction method has been adjusted to be implemented also on non-dotted-lines offsets. The robustness of the proposed method for this case has also been exhibited by the very ideal reconstructed offsets that shape like a thick line. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Clock skew Delay jitter Dotted lines Hough transform

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Retinal Blood Vessel Tracking and Diameter Estimation via Gaussian Process With Rider Optimization Algorithm

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IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics 2024年第3期28卷 1173-1184页

作者： Ahmad, Nehal Lai, Kuan-Ting Tanveer, M. Indian Institute of Technology Indore Simrol Department of Mathematics Indore453552 India National Taipei University of Technology Department of International Program of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Taipei106 Taiwan National Taipei University of Technology Department of Electronic Engineering Taipei106 Taiwan

Retinal blood vessels structure analysis is an important step in the detection of ocular diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity. Accurate tracking and estimation of retinal blood vessels in terms of their diameter remains a major challenge in retinal structure analysis. In this research, we develop a rider-based Gaussian approach for accurate tracking and diameter estimation of retinal blood vessels. The diameter and curvature of the blood vessel are assumed as the Gaussian processes. The features are determined for training the Gaussian process using Radon transform. The kernel hyperparameter of Gaussian processes is optimized using Rider Optimization Algorithm for evaluating the direction of the vessel. Multiple Gaussian processes are used for detecting the bifurcations and the difference in the prediction direction is quantified. The performance of the proposed Rider-based Gaussian process is evaluated with mean and standard deviation. Our method achieved high performance with the standard deviation of 0.2499 and mean average of 0.0147, which outperformed the state-of-the-art method by 6.32%. Although the proposed model outperformed the state-of-the-art method in normal blood vessels, in future research, one can include tortuous blood vessels of different retinopathy patients, which would be more challenging due to large angle variations. We used Rider-based Gaussian process for tracking blood vessels to obtain the diameter of retinal blood vessels, and the method performed well on the 'STrutred Analysis of the REtina (STARE) Database' accessed on Oct. 2020 (https://***/~ahoover/stare/). To the best of our knowledge, this experiment is one of the most recent analysis using this type of algorithm. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Blood vessels

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A Comparative Study of DeepLabCut and Other Open-Source Pupillometry Data Analysis Algorithms – Which to Choose?

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Machine Graphics and Vision 2024年第2期33卷 77-90页

作者： Badkul, Amitesh Mishra, Sonakshi Kommajosyula, Srinivasa P. Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering Birla Institute of Technology and Science Hyderabad Campus Jawahar Nagar Hyderabad India Department of Pharmacy Birla Institute of Technology and Science Hyderabad Campus Jawahar Nagar Hyderabad India Ph.D. Program in Computer Science The Graduate Center The City University of New York New YorkNY United States

Pupillometry measures pupil size, and several open-source algorithms are available to analyse pupillometry data. However, only a few studies compared these algorithms’ accuracy and computational resources. This study aims to compare the accuracy of computer vision-based algorithms (Swirski, Starburst, PuRe, ElSe, ExCuSe algorithms) and the machine learning algorithm, DeepLabCut, to the double-blinded human examiners (gold-standard). Training of DeepLabCut with different architectures and a variable number of markers (2-9 markers) was done on an open-source dataset. The duration of training was statistically longer for the ResNet152 model compared to the MobileNet model. The pupil diameters in computer vision-based software such as PuRe, Starburst, and Swirski were statistically different from human measurements. MobileNet 2 and 3 marker models were the closest to the human measurements. In conclusion, this work highlights the efficiency of lower marker models based on MobileNet architecture in DeepLabCut, which consumes fewer computational resources and is more accurate. © 2024 Institute of Information Technology, Warsaw University of Life sciences - SGGW. All rights reserved.

关键词： Adversarial machine learning

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From Pictures to Prompts: Analyzing and Reconstructing AI-Generated Images with BLIP2 and CLIP 24

From Pictures to Prompts: Analyzing and Reconstructing AI-Ge...

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8th International Conference on Natural Language Processing and Information Retrieval, NLPIR 2024

作者： Kuo, Yi-Hsuan Chang, Hsien-Tsung Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Chang Gung University Taoyuan China Bachelor Program in Artificial Intelligence Chang Gung University Taoyuan China

ISBN: (纸本)9798400717383

This study presents a novel approach to analyzing and reconstructing AI-generated images using BLIP2 and CLIP models, focusing on a dataset of 268,000 Midjourney-generated images and prompts. We introduce a multi-level feature classification system encompassing 11 categories and 1,100 features, and employ BLIP2 for descriptive text generation and CLIP for feature similarity analysis. Our methodology involves image pre-processing, custom feature extraction, and image reconstruction under various conditions. The effectiveness of our approach is demonstrated through similarity scores between original and reconstructed images, ranging from 68.15 to 71.25 across different feature extraction conditions. This research contributes to the fields of natural language processing and information retrieval by offering insights into AI-generated image analysis, proposing new methods for feature extraction and reconstruction, and suggesting avenues for improving image generation models and multi-modal understanding. © 2024 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).

关键词： Sentiment analysis

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Development of Charge Integrator Circuits with a Microcontroller for Cylindrical Capacitive Sensors in Paddy Moisture Balance Detectors 13

Development of Charge Integrator Circuits with a Microcontro...

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13th International Electrical engineering Congress, iEECON 2025

作者： Tokampang, Sudarat Apirattanon, Nattapong Sisuk, Noppadon Kaewpoonsuk, Anucha Naresuan University Faculty of Science Deparment of Physics Phitsanulok Thailand Phibunsongkhram Rajabhat University Program of Computer Engineering Faculty of Industrial Technology Phitsanulok Thailand

ISBN: (纸本)9798331543952

This article presents a method for indirectly measuring the moisture content of paddy using a cylindrical capacitive sensor combined with Charge Integrator Circuits. The moisture measurement device operates based on the principle of the dielectric constant of paddy, which changes according to the moisture content within them. The system consists of a moisture detection section utilizing a cylindrical capacitor, a signal generator operating at a frequency of 500 Hz with a microcontroller, a signal conditioning circuit converting the signal to voltage, and a processing unit. Testing was conducted with paddy at five different moisture levels, demonstrating the ability to accurately determine the moisture content of the rice. When compared to the commercially available PM-450TH moisture meter, the results showed a linear response across the measurement range, with an R2 value of 0.9824 and an average error of 2.6%. This technology has the potential for further development and application to other types of seeds in the future. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： charge integrator circuits cylindrical capacitive sensors paddy moisture

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A Shoe Shopping System based on Convolutional Neural Network Image Recognition 5

A Shoe Shopping System based on Convolutional Neural Network...

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5th IEEE Eurasia Conference on IOT, Communication and engineering, ECICE 2023

作者： Chang, Chin-Chih Wei, Chi-Hung Chen, Chen-Sheng Chen, Jian-An Yeh, Shih-Hsien Hsiao, Sean Chung Hua University Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Hsinchu Taiwan Chung Hua University Program in Engineering Science Hsinchu Taiwan Chang Gung University Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Taoyuan Taiwan Chung Hua University Program in Applied Foreign Language and Smart Commerce Hsinchu Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350314694

In this article, we present an innovative approach to enhance the online shoe shopping experience. The convolutional neural network (CNN) image recognition technology was used to enhance shoe classification and recommendations. By training the CNN model on an extensive dataset, unique shoe features and styles were learned. Integrated into a user-friendly online platform, the system offers real-time image recognition, allowing users to snap a photo of a desired shoe for instant identification, including brand, price, and availability details. Moreover, the CNN-based recommendation engine provides personalized suggestions based on style, color, and customer preferences, enriching the shopping experience. Evaluation results confirmed the system's feasibility, and user feedback highlighted its effectiveness in simplifying the shopping process and enhancing satisfaction. This innovative system presents a significant leap in merging AI and e-commerce and shows the potential of image recognition to transform online marketplaces, benefiting consumers, offering valuable insights for retailers, and ultimately reshaping the future of online shoe shopping. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： convolutional neural network (CNN) deep learning image recognition recommender system

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Exact Solution of the Full RMSA Problem in Elastic Optical Networks

IEEE Networking Letters

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IEEE Networking Letters 2024年第1期6卷 55-59页

作者： David, Fabio Rezende, Jose F. De Barbosa, Valmir C. Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Informatics and Computer Science Department Rio de Janeiro21941-914 Brazil Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Systems Engineering and Computer Science Program Centro de Tecnologia Rio de Janeiro21941-914 Brazil

Exact solutions of the Routing, Modulation, and Spectrum Allocation (RMSA) problem in Elastic Optical Networks (EONs), so that the number of admitted demands is maximized while those of regenerators and frequency slots used are minimized, require a complex ILP formulation taking into account frequency-slot continuity and contiguity. We introduce the first such formulation, ending a hiatus of some years since the last ILP formulation for a much simpler RMSA variation was introduced. By exploiting a number of problem and solver specificities, we use the NSFNET topology to illustrate the practicality and importance of obtaining exact solutions. © 2019 IEEE.

关键词： Topology

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A Comprehensive Technique Based on Machine Learning for Device and Circuit Modeling of Gate-All-Around Nanosheet Transistors

IEEE Open Journal of Nanotechnology

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IEEE Open Journal of Nanotechnology 2023年 4卷 181-194页

作者： Butola, Rajat Li, Yiming Kola, Sekhar Reddy National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Parallel and Scientific Computing Laboratory Electrical Engineering and Computer Science International Graduate Program Hsinchu300093 Taiwan National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Institute of Communications Engineering the Institute of Biomedical Engineering the Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering the Institute of Pioneer Semiconductor Innovation and the Institute of Artificial Intelligence Innovation Hsinchu300093 Taiwan

Machine learning (ML) is poised to play an important part in advancing the predicting capability in semiconductor device compact modeling domain. One major advantage of ML-based compact modeling is its ability to capture complex relationships and patterns in large datasets. Therefore, in this paper a novel design scheme based on dynamically adaptive neural network (DANN) is proposed to develop fast and accurate compact model (CM). This framework constitutes a powerful yet computationally efficient methodology and exhibits emergent dynamic behaviors. This paper demonstrates that the compact model based on ML can be designed to replicate the performance of conventional compact model for nanodevices. For this work, gate-all-around (GAA) nanosheet (NS) device characteristics are comprehensively analyzed for process variability sources using the proposed model. The device geometry parameters such as channel length, nanosheet width and nanosheet thickness are fed as input features to the DANN model. The adaptive neural network learns dynamically by updating weights of the model in accordance with the input features and achieves accurate neural weight convergence. The proposed model predicted the electrical characteristics of NS devices with less than 1% error rate. The model is also implemented and validated for the simulations of digital circuit designs such as inverter, and logic gates. ©;2023 The Authors.

关键词： Circuit simulation

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Overview of Versatile Video Coding (H.266/VVC) and Its Coding Performance Analysis

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IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing 2023年第2期12卷 122-154页

作者： Lee, Minhun Song, HyeonJu Park, Jeeyoon Jeon, Byeungwoo Kang, Jungwon Kim, Jae-Gon Lee, Yung-Lyul Kang, Je-Won Sim, Donggyu Department of Computer Engineering Kwangwoon University Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Computer Engineering Sejong University Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Kyunggi-do Korea Republic of Communication and Media Research Laboratory Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute Deajeon Korea Republic of School of Electronics and Information Engineering Korea Aerospace University Kyunggi-do Korea Republic of Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering Graduate Program in Smart Factory Ewha Womans University Seoul Korea Republic of

Versatile Video Coding (H.266/VVC) is the newest video coding standard jointly developed by the Joint Video Experts Team (JVET), which is organized by the ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG) and the ISO/IEC Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG). H.266/VVC provides about 40% bitrate reduction compared with High Efficiency Video Coding (H.265/HEVC) for the same visual quality. This paper introduces in detail the core structure of H.266/VVC by highlighting its features within block partitioning structure, intra/inter prediction, transform, quantization, and in-loop filtering, compared to its predecessor (H.265/HEVC). H.266/VVC yields significantly improved the coding performance, but it increased the computational complexity, particularly for the encoder side, which remains a problem to be tackled for successful commercialization in the future. This paper examined the statistical performance of H.266/VVC coding tools from the bitstreams encoded by the VVC test model (VTM12.0) encoder through rate-distortion optimization under the JVET common test conditions. In addition, the complexity and performance analyses are conducted on the block partitioning structure and group of picture structure. It is expected that an optimized H.266/VVC encoder can be designed and developed by minimizing the coding loss based on the analysis data. © 2023 Institute of electronics and Information Engineers. All rights reserved.

关键词： Image compression

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Secure and Energy-Efficient Framework for Internet of Medical Things (IoMT)-Based Healthcare System

Secure and Energy-Efficient Framework for Internet of Medica...

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International Conference on Data science and Network engineering, ICDSNE 2023

作者： Dewan, Ritu Nagpal, Tapsi Ahmad, Sharik Rana, Arun Kumar Islam, Sardar M. N. Department of Computer Science and Engineering Lingaya’s Vidyapeeth Faridabad India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Galgotias College of Engg. and Technology Greater Noida India SILC and Decision Sciences and Modelling Program Victoria University Footscray Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9789819967544

Manufacturing, energy, finance, education, transportation, smart home, and medicine employ IoT technology. IoT solutions can efficiently manage hospital patients and mobile assets to provide high-quality medical services. The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) integrates IoT with medical equipment to increase patient comfort, cost-effective medical solutions, hospital treatment speed, and personalized healthcare. This work uses Constrained Application Protocol to secure remote patient health data (CoAP). Nevertheless, the CoAP DTLS layer lacks key control, session establishment, and multicast message exchange. Hence, IoMT communication requires an efficient protocol for safe CoAP session formation. Consequently, to address key management and multicast security issues in CoAP, we presented an efficient and secure communication method to establish a secure session key between IoMT devices and distant servers utilizing lightweight, energy efficient, and Secure CoAP Elliptic Curve Cryptography (E2SCEC2). E2SCEC2 can use a smaller key size than Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) due to its tiny key size. To determine if these algorithms are compatible in limited contexts, the paper examines key creation, signature generation, and verification of E2SCEC2 and RSA algorithms, energy consumption, and radio duty cycle. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.

关键词： Hospitals

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