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Lightweight mediated quantum key distribution

Optik 2023年 287卷

作者： Hwang, Tzonelih Chen, Yen-Jie Tsai, Chia-Wei Kuo, Cheng-Ching Chen, Ming-Jun Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Cheng Kung University No. 1 University Rd. Tainan City70101 Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taichung University of Science and Technology No.129 Section3 Sanmin Rd. North Dist. Taichung City40401 Taiwan

Inspired by the semi-quantum protocols, this paper defines the lightweight quantum security protocols, in which lightweight participants can only perform at most two out of four very lightweight quantum operations. Subsequently, this study proposes a Lightweight Mediated Quantum Key Distribution (LMQKD) protocol as an example to show the feasibility and advantage of the lightweight quantum protocol. In the proposed protocol, a dishonest third party (TP) with complete quantum capabilities helps two lightweight quantum users establish a secure key. The lightweight quantum users are allowed to perform only: (1) unitary operations and (2) reflecting qubits without disturbance. The proposed protocol has been showed to be robust under the collective attack. © 2023 Elsevier GmbH

关键词： Quantum cryptography

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A Review of Deep Learning Approaches for Non-Invasive Cognitive Impairment Detection

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Alsuhaibani, Muath Fard, Ali Pourramezan Sun, Jian Poor, Farida Far Pressman, Peter S. Mahoor, Mohammad H. The Ritchie School of Engineering and Computer Science University of Denver DenverCO80210 United States The Department of Neurology Behavioral Neurology Section University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center AuroraCO80045 United States

This review paper explores recent advances in deep learning approaches for non-invasive cognitive impairment detection. We examine various non-invasive indicators of cognitive decline, including speech and language, facial, and motoric mobility. The paper provides an overview of relevant datasets, feature-extracting techniques, and deep-learning architectures applied to this domain. We have analyzed the performance of different methods across modalities and observed that speech and language-based methods generally achieved the highest detection performance. Studies combining acoustic and linguistic features tended to outperform those using a single modality. Facial analysis methods showed promise for visual modalities but were less extensively studied. Most papers focused on binary classification (impaired vs. non-impaired), with fewer addressing multi-class or regression tasks. Transfer learning and pre-trained language models emerged as popular and effective techniques, especially for linguistic analysis. Despite significant progress, several challenges remain, including data standardization and accessibility, model explainability, longitudinal analysis limitations, and clinical adaptation. Lastly, we propose future research directions, such as investigating language-agnostic speech analysis methods, developing multi-modal diagnostic systems, and addressing ethical considerations in AI-assisted healthcare. By synthesizing current trends and identifying key obstacles, this review aims to guide further development of deep learning-based cognitive impairment detection systems to improve early diagnosis and ultimately patient outcomes. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Deep learning

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A Variational Autoencoder-Feed Forward Networks (VAE-FNN) Model for Classifying DNA Barcodes

A Variational Autoencoder-Feed Forward Networks (VAE-FNN) Mo...

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Advances in Electrical, Electronics and Computational Intelligence (ICAEECI), International Conference on

作者： Abhivyakti Yadav Divya S I R Oviya Kalpana Raja Department of Computer Science and Engineering (Artificial Intelligence) Amrita School of Computing Amrita Vishwa Vidyapetham Chennai India Section for Biomedical Informatics and Data Science School of Medicine Yale University New Haven Connecticut USA

DNA Barcodes, which are particular fragments derived from brief sections of DNA (such as mitochondrial, nuclear, and plastid sequences), can be used to identify organisms from the major life kingdoms. In addition to supporting conventional taxonomic techniques, DNA barcoding is a potent tool that advances our knowledge of species diversity and their ecological functions. On a variety of organisms, the use of this approach for species categorization has been successful. In this paper, we examine how DNA barcoding has been used to classify species based on DNA barcodes as well as other related research that has been done over the years on the subject. After experimenting with a number of deep learning models, we have propose a Variational Auto Encoder + Feed Forward Neural Network workflow for classifiying species using DNA barcodes. The models have been assessed on the basis of performance factors including accuracy, recall, and precision. COI, rbcL, matK, and ITS are the specific gene sections that have been identified as barcodes. For both simulated and real datasets, the model can attain an average accuracy of greater than 95 percent. This DNA barcoding approach has the ability to simplify DNA barcode-based species identification and serve as a tool for species categorization.

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Non-Gaussian state design with the quantum frequency processor

Non-Gaussian state design with the quantum frequency process...

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CLEO: QELS_Fundamental science, QELS 2022

作者： Pizzimenti, Andrew J. Lukens, Joseph M. Lu, Hsuan-Hao Peters, Nicholas A. Guha, Saikat Gagatsos, Christos Quantum Information Science Section Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831 United States James C. Wyant College of Optical Sciences University of Arizona TucsonAZ85721 United States Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute Purdue University West LafayetteIN47907 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781557528209

We develop an approach for engineering non-Gaussian photonic states in discrete frequency bins. Combining the quantum frequency processor and photon-number-resolving detection, simulated examples demonstrate the potential for producing high-fidelity cat states with reasonable resource requirements. © Optica Publishing Group 2022, © 2022 The Author(s)

关键词： Gaussian noise (electronic)

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Chaotic Complex Hashing: A simple chaotic keyed hash function based on complex quadratic map

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Chaos, Solitons and Fractals 2023年第1期173卷

作者： Ayubi, Peyman Setayeshi, Saeed Rahmani, Amir Masoud Department of Computer Engineering Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran Department of Medical Radiation Engineering Amirkabir University of Technology Tehran Iran Future Technology Research Center National Yunlin University of Science and Technology 123 University Road Section 3 Douliou Yunlin 64002 Taiwan

In the last two decades, the use of chaotic iterative maps in cryptographic systems, especially chaotic hash functions, has been expanding. Sensitivity to small changes in initial conditions and control parameters in chaotic systems is the best feature for designing a chaotic hash function. This paper introduces a new generalized chaotic map based on a complex quadratic map, which in addition to the chaotic behavior in the real and imaginary parts, also has a high key length, which can guarantee the security of a cryptographic system. Various analyses of dynamical systems, such as the bifurcation diagram and the Lyapunov exponent, show that the proposed chaotic map has the characteristics of a chaotic dynamical system. The foundation of a secure and efficient algorithm for designing and developing a new hash function lies in how to use this new chaotic map. Also, statistical analysis, collision analysis, key space analysis, and speed analysis use to prove the security and efficiency of the proposed method. The results of these analyses and their comparison with similar methods show that the proposed method can be a reliable and efficient method for practical applications in information technology. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Hash functions

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NIR-Responsive Methotrexate-Modified Iron Selenide Nanorods for Synergistic Magnetic Hyperthermic, Photothermal, and Chemodynamic Therapy

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ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces 2024年第20期16卷 25622-25636页

作者： Thirumurugan, Senthilkumar Muthiah, Kayalvizhi Samuvel Lin, Yu-Chien Dhawan, Udesh Liu, Wai-Ching Wang, An-Ni Liu, Xinke Hsiao, Michael Tseng, Ching-Li Chung, Ren-Jei No. 1 Section 3 Zhongxiao East Road Taipei10608 Taiwan Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment Division of Biomedical Engineering James Watt School of Engineering Mazumdar-Shaw Advanced Research Centre University of Glasgow GlasgowG116EW United Kingdom Faculty of Science and Technology Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong Hong Kong New Territories999077 Hong Kong Scrona AG Grubenstrasse 9 Zürich8045 Switzerland College of Materials Science and Engineering Chinese Engineering and Research Institute of Microelectronics Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore117583 Singapore Genomics Research Center Academia Sinica Taipei115 Taiwan Department and Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine School of Veterinary Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Research Center of Biomedical Device College of Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan International Ph.D. Program in Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Taipei10608 Taiwan

Breast cancer is a malignant tumor with a high mortality rate among women. Therefore, it is necessary to develop novel therapies to effectively treat this disease. In this study, iron selenide nanorods (FeSe2 NRs) were designed for use in magnetic hyperthermic, photothermal, and chemodynamic therapy (MHT/PTT/CDT) for breast cancer. To illustrate their efficacy, FeSe2 NRs were modified with the chemotherapeutic agent methotrexate (MTX). MTX-modified FeSe2 (FeSe2-MTX) exhibited excellent controlled drug release properties. Fe2+ released from FeSe2 NRs induced the release of •OH from H2O2 via a Fenton/Fenton-like reaction, enhancing the efficacy of CDT. Under alternating magnetic field (AMF) stimulation and 808 nm laser irradiation, FeSe2-MTX exerted potent hyperthermic and photothermal effects by suppressing tumor growth in a breast cancer nude mouse model. In addition, FeSe2 NRs can be used for magnetic resonance imaging in vivo by incorporating their superparamagnetic characteristics into a single nanomaterial. Overall, we presented a novel technique for the precise delivery of functional nanosystems to tumors that can enhance the efficacy of breast cancer treatment. © 2024 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging

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Efficient and secure semi-quantum private comparison protocol using three-particle GHZ-like states against participant attack

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Modern Physics Letters A 2024年第10期39卷

作者： Yang, Chun-Wei Huang, Yu-Yun Lin, Jason Tsai, Chia-Wei Master Program for Digital Health Innovation China Medical University No. 100 Section 1 Jingmao Road Beitun District Taichung 406040 Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Chung Hsing University No. 145 Xingda Road South District Taichung 40227 Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taichung University of Science and Technology No. 129 Section 3 Sanmin Road North District Taichung 40401 Taiwan

This study identifies a participant attack vulnerability in Li et al.'s SQPC protocol. The participant attack allows a malicious participant, Bob, to obtain the participant Alice's secret information by intercepting and measuring photons sent to Alice, and later decrypting Alice's encrypted comparison result. An improved SQPC protocol is proposed to address this problem. The key enhancement is introducing a mutual eavesdropping check requiring the third party and participants to verify they obtain the same photon measurement results. This enables detecting participant attacks like the one identified. The SQPC protocol proposed in this study not only withstands attacks from internal participants but also achieves quantum efficiency almost equivalent to Li et al.'s SQPC protocol. Thus, this study presents a more secure SQPC protocol without compromising quantum efficiency. © 2024 World Scientific Publishing Company.

关键词： GHZ-like state participant attack Quantum cryptography semi-quantum private comparison

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Wide-Band and Wide-Angle Scanning Phased Array Antenna for Mobile Communication System

IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation

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IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2021年 2卷 203-212页

作者： Yang, Guangwei Zhang, Yiming Zhang, Shuai Department of Electronic Systems Antennas Propagation and Millimeter-Wave Systems Section Aalborg University Aalborg9220 Denmark School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Queen Mary University of London LondonE1 4NS United Kingdom

A wide-band phased array antenna with wide-angle scanning capability for mobile communication system is proposed in this article. An air cavity is properly embedded into the substrate under each array element. This method is very simple and can efficiently enhance wide-angle scanning performance by improving the wide-angle scanning impedance matching (WAIM) and realizing the beam-width of elements in the array. Besides, the operating bandwidth is also extended with the proposed approach. The wide-angle scanning capability is analyzed and verified by both the linear array antennas (on large ground planes in detail) and the planar array. Two 1\times 8 linear arrays and one 8\times 8 planar array are demonstrated, which achieve the beam scanning of around ±60° with a realized gain reduction under 3.5 dB in the wide operating bandwidth (37.4%). Furthermore, the beam in the E-plane can scan over ±70° with a realized gain reduction under less than 3 dB. Two linear array prototypes with wide-angle scanning capacity in two planes are fabricated and characterized, yielding good performance within overall operational bandwidth. The measured results align very well with the simulated. The proposed wideband phased array with large scanning coverage is a promising candidate for 5G mobile communications. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Beamforming

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Rsr-Ids: A Reliable Score-Based Routing Protocol Using an Intrusion Detection System in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Banafshehvaragh, Samira Tahajomi Zarei, Mani Rahmani, Amir Masoud Department of Computer Engineering Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran Department of Computer Engineering Shahr-e-Qods Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran Future Technology Research Center National Yunlin University of Science and Technology 123 University Road Section 3 Douliou Yunlin64002 Taiwan

One of the most significant challenges of vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) is to establish reliable connections with the network infrastructure despite the participation concern of attacking vehicles in routing. Vehicles need a proper defense mechanism against all types of attacks even if they are accompanied by a reliable path planning strategy. This paper proposes RSR-IDS, a reliable score-based routing protocol using an intrusion detection system in VANETs. RSR-IDS detects abnormal data to calculate the untrust score (US) by deploying an intrusion detection system (IDS) in the data center. An IDS-based scoring mechanism is deployed in the data center. The classifier of the IDS is trained using three machine learning-based algorithms. These algorithms include the decision tree, random forest, and extra trees. Then, RSR-IDS selects a route with the lowest total USs and hop count compared to others for communications between the source and the destination. RSR-IDS is evaluated based on the accuracy, F1-score, false negative rate (FNR), packet delivery ratio (PDR), packet loss ratio (PLR), and end-to-end (E2E) delay criteria using OMNeT++ simulator. The most significant improvement of RSR-IDS includes 14.1% in accuracy, 11.4% in F1-score, and 5.4% in PDR regarding various vehicle densities. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Vehicular ad hoc networks

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Word-Sequence Entropy: Towards Uncertainty Estimation in Free-Form Medical Question Answering Applications and Beyond

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Wang, Zhiyuan Duan, Jinhao Yuan, Chenxi Chen, Qingyu Chen, Tianlong Yao, Huaxiu Zhang, Yue Wang, Ren Xu, Kaidi Shi, Xiaoshuang Center for Future Media School of Computer Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Sichuan Chengdu611731 China Department of Computer Science Drexel University PhiladelphiaPA19104 United States Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA19104 United States Section of Biomedical Informatics & Data Science Yale School of Medicine Yale University New HavenCT06510 United States Department of Computer Science University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel HillNC27599 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Illinois Institute of Technology ChicagoIL60616 United States

Uncertainty estimation is crucial for the reliability of safety-critical human and artificial intelligence interaction systems, particularly in the healthcare engineering domain. However, a general method for quantifying the uncertainty of free-form answers has yet to be established in open-ended medical question-answering (QA) tasks, where irrelevant words and sequences with limited semantic information can be the primary source of uncertainty due to the presence of generative inequality. In this paper, we propose the Word-Sequence Entropy (WSE ), which calibrates the uncertainty proportion at both the word and sequence levels according to the semantic relevance, with greater emphasis placed on keywords and more relevant sequences when performing uncertainty quantification. We compare WSE with 6 baseline methods on 5 free-form medical QA datasets, utilizing 7 "off-the-shelf" large language models (LLMs), and show that WSE exhibits superior performance on accurate uncertainty measurement under two standard criteria for correctness evaluation. Additionally, in terms of the potential for real-world medical QA applications, we achieve a significant enhancement (e.g., +6.36% improvement of model accuracy on the COVID-QA dataset) in the performance of LLMs when employing sequences with lower uncertainty that are identified by WSE as final answers, without requiring additional task-specific fine-tuning or architectural modifications. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Uncertainty analysis

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