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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2025年第1期6卷 14-24页

作者： Kumar, Raghvendra Goddu, Bhargav Saha, Sriparna Jatowt, Adam Indian Institute of Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Patna801106 India University of Innsbruck Department of Computer Science Innsbruck6020 Austria

In the times of advanced generative artificial intelligence, distinguishing truth from fallacy and deception has become a critical societal challenge. This research attempts to analyze the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) for detecting misinformation. Our study employs a versatile approach, covering multiple LLMs with few- and zero-shot prompting. These models are rigorously evaluated across various fake news and rumor detection datasets. Introducing a novel dimension, we additionally incorporate sentiment and emotion annotations to understand the emotional influence on misinformation detection using LLMs. Moreover, to extend our inquiry, we employ ChatGPT to intentionally distort authentic news as well as human-written fake news, utilizing zero-shot and iterative prompts. This deliberate corruption allows for a detailed examination of various parameters such as abstractness, concreteness, and named entity density, providing insights into differentiating between unaltered news, human-written fake news, and its LLM-corrupted counterpart. Our findings aspire to furnish a refined framework for discerning authentic news, human-generated misinformation, and LLM-induced distortions. This multifaceted approach, utilizing various prompt techniques, contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the subtle variations shaping misinformation sources. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Iterative methods

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QARF: A Novel Malicious Traffic Detection Approach via Online Active Learning for Evolving Traffic Streams

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2024年第3期33卷 645-656页

作者： Zequn NIU Jingfeng XUE Yong WANG Tianwei LEI Weijie HAN Xianwei GAO School of Computer Science and Technology Beijing Institute of Technology School of Space Information Space Engineering University

In practical abnormal traffic detection scenarios,traffic often appears as drift,imbalanced and rare labeled streams,and how to effectively identify malicious traffic in such complex situations has become a challenge for malicious traffic *** have extensive studies on malicious traffic detection with single challenge,but the detection of complex traffic has not been widely *** adaptive random forests(QARF) is proposed to detect traffic streams with concept drift,imbalance and lack of labeled *** is an online active learning based approach which combines adaptive random forests method and adaptive margin sampling *** achieves querying a small number of instances from unlabeled traffic streams to obtain effective *** conduct experiments using the NSL-KDD dataset to evaluate the performance of *** is compared with other state-of-the-art *** experimental results show that QARF obtains 98.20% accuracy on the NSL-KDD *** performs better than other state-of-the-art methods in comparisons.

关键词： Active learning Online learning Malicious traffic Concept drift Data imbalance

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Text steganography: enhanced character-level embedding algorithm using font attribute with increased resilience to statistical attacks

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第11期84卷 9367-9392页

作者： KL, Shreya Narasimhan R, Bala Krishnan Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli Tamil Nadu Tiruchirappalli India

Text steganography, the science of hiding secret messages in innocent-looking text documents ensures the secrecy of the embedded secret. Cryptography, on the other hand, encrypts and converts the secret message into an unintelligible form ensuring confidentiality, integrity, and authentication of the message. It is to be noted that both steganography and cryptography are expected to work together hand-in-hand in order to attain a better security. Hence, a methodology that combines techniques from both steganography and cryptography is an unavoidable one for the complete protection of sensitive data. This paper aims to achieve one such methodology. The best existing method which works in similar direction is observed to use character spacing feature of text documents to embed the secrets. The method is reported to attain an average embedding capacity of ≈2 bits/cover-character and 8-bits/distortion with high imperceptibility and considerable cryptographic security. However, during experimentation, it is noticed that the methodology has the potential vulnerability of leaving clues for attackers with a probability of 0.51% which paves way for possible statistical attacks namely frequency analysis. This vulnerability occurred because of the constant left circular shift operation that is performed after embedding each secret character. This paper aims to address this vulnerability by proposing a novel modification that facilitates the methodology to perform both left and right circular shifts in an unbiased manner, based on the embedded secret, without affecting the notable achievements of the existing methodology. The proposed modification is successfully implemented, and further analysis indicated that the performed modification has in fact embedded the secret characters uniformly thereby reducing the standard deviation by 24%. This increased the resilience of the extended method to potential attacks that rely on statistical techniques. © The Author(s), under exclusive

关键词： Cryptography

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A review on spreading and Forensics Analysis of Windows-Based ransomware

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Annals of Data science 2024年第5期11卷 1503-1524页

作者： Chayal, Narendrakumar Mangilal Saxena, Ankur Khan, Rijwan Department of Computer Science and Technology Faculty of Engineering and Technology Department of Computer Engineering Sankalchand Patel University Visnagar India Department of Computer Science Indus Institute of Information and Communication Technology Dean-ICT & ampDirector-IIICT Indus University Gujarat Ahmedabad India Department of Computer Science and Engineering ABES Institute of Technology Ghaziabad Affiliated to AKTU Lucknow India

Ransomware is one of the most advanced malware which uses high computer resources and services to encrypt system data once it infects a system and causes large financial data losses to the organization and individuals. There are certain automatic ransomware detection and analysis strategies available nowadays. File system analysis reveals some essential patterns and artifacts that can be very useful to understand its behavior spreading mechanism, taxonomy for malware forensics experts. Current trend explores Ransomware as a service (RaaS) and Malware as a service (MaaS) on Darknet. This paper reveals a theory of digital forensic methodology to identify the spreading/infection mechanism and attack path, the cryptographic methodology, windows services, process, APIs, persistence mechanism, and system lockdown strategies and malware analysis methodology. This review could be helpful to learn and understand malware forensic analysis for threat researchers, students, cyber experts, etc. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022.

关键词： Malware

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A brief review on Quantum Key Distribution Protocols

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-40页

作者： Kumar, Mandeep Mondal, Bhaskar Department of Computer Science & Engineering National Institute of Technology Patna Bihar Patna800005 India

Development in Quantum computing paves the path to Quantum key distribution (QKD) by using the principles of quantum physics. QKD enables two remote parties to produce and share secure keys while removing all computing constraints on an adversary. The basic physics laws are used to identify any outside parties eavesdropping on the key exchange. In recent years many revolutionary developments in the field of QKD have been developed to overcome security and networking constraints. This survey provides an overview of the QKD protocol’s evolution and quantum network architecture. The paper also demonstrates QKD deployment techniques and elements of the QKD network. It also highlights ongoing design challenges by considering security and error estimation and correction, in contrast to studies concentrating on optical channels and equipment. Finally, this paper examines the possible directions for future research and offers design principles to guide the development of QKD and its related area. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Quantum computers

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Feedback-based trust module for IoT networks using machine learning

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International Journal of Wireless and Mobile Computing 2024年第1期27卷 78-91页

作者： Iqbal, Sania Qureshi, Shaima Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology Jammu & Kashmir Srinagar India

The increasing emergence of IoT in healthcare, industrial automation, manufacturing, infrastructure, business and the home undoubtedly provides more conveniences in different aspects of human life. Any IoT security and trust solution must consider the heterogeneity and mobility of IoT devices, and the features of other devices connected to the network. Traditional security measures face computation, storage and communication challenges in securing IoT, and the increasing reliance on IoT services and applications has exacerbated this issue. It is crucial to identify a security management model to handle these constraints. Trust as a security regime in the IoT has far-reaching implications. This paper proposes a novel trust-based security mechanism by combining machine learning and traditional summations to determine a node’s trustworthiness in an IoT environment in milliseconds. Based on this, a computational trust management model is designed by aggregating direct and feedback-based trust information. The model parameters like the trust breach window and trust re-initiation point are selected based on extensive experimentation to dynamically calculate each node’s trust value to reach the proposed model’s peak performance. The model’s effectiveness is verified through simulation. In 500 iterations, the proposed model achieved 97% accuracy with a run time of 0.37 seconds. Copyright © 2024 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

关键词： Network security

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Leveraging Transfer Learning for Efficient Diagnosis of COPD Using CXR Images and Explainable AI Techniques

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Inteligencia Artificial 2024年第74期27卷 133-151页

作者： Ikechukwu, Agughasi Victor Department of Computer Science & Engineering Maharaja Institute of Technology Karnataka Mysore571477 India

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a predominant global health concern, ranking third in mortality rates, yet frequently remains undiagnosed until its advanced stages. Given its prevalence, the need for innovative and widely accessible diagnostic tools has never been more paramount. While spirometry tests serve as conventional diagnostic benchmarks, their reach remains limited, especially in regions with constrained medical resources. The presented research harnesses deep learning algorithms to facilitate early-stage COPD detection, specifically targeting Chest X-rays (CXRs). The clinically annotated VinDR-CXR dataset provides the primary foundation for model training, complemented by incorporating the ChestX-ray14 dataset for initial model pre-training. Such a dualdataset strategy augments model generalization and adaptability. Among several explored Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures, the Xception model emerges as a frontrunner. Through transfer learning methodologies, this model produces a noteworthy recall rate of 98.2%, markedly surpassing the metrics of the ResNet50 model. Recognizing the imperative for transparency in AI applications in medical imaging, the research integrates essential explainability approaches viz: Gradient Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP). These techniques elucidate the AI’s decision-making process, offering invaluable visual and analytical insights for fostering trust among medical professionals. In essence, this study not only underscores the potential of integrating AI with medical imaging for COPD detection but also accentuates the pivotal role of transparency in AI-driven medical interventions. © IBERAMIA and the authors.

关键词： Decision making

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REAL-TIME GLUCOSE MONITORING SYSTEM AND DIETARY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR DIABETES MELLITUS USING FOG COMPUTING

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Telecommunications and Radio engineering (English translation of Elektrosvyaz and Radiotekhnika) 2025年第5期84卷 55-67页

作者： Sathish, N. Elangovan, D. Nagalakshmi, R. Suresh, G. Chitra, Devi D. Department of Computer Science and Engineering Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology Chennai India Department of Information Technology Saveetha Engineering College Chennai India Department of Computer Science and Engineering SRM Institute of Science and Technology Ramapuram Chennai India Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Kings Engineering College Sriperumbudur India Department of Computer Science And Engineering S.A. Engineering College Chennai India

This systematic review gave special attention to diabetes and the advancements in food and nutrition needed to prevent or manage diabetes in all its forms. There are two main forms of diabetes mellitus: Type 1 (T1D) and Type 2 (T2D). The loss of beta cells brought on by an autoimmune reaction causes the pancreas to be unable to produce enough insulin, which leads to Type 1 diabetes. A deficiency of insulin could arise as the illness worsens. The most frequent cause is a combination of excessive body weight and inadequate exercise. Currently, 90–95% of patients have Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Age-specific normal blood sugar ranges exist and knowing them is crucial for determining a target blood sugar level that is both healthy and appropriate. The main takeaway is that diet regimens ought to be tailored to the patient’s requirements and should account for their capacity for change. Carbohydrates are the nutrients that have the biggest impact on the rise in blood glucose. In this paper, we have proposed a novel method for glucose monitoring and diet recommendations for diabetic patients using fog computing. A paradigm known as fog computing makes use of the benefits that come from using both cloud and edge devices to support modern computing systems by offering high-quality services, cutting latency, facilitating mobility, supporting multi-tenancy, and many other features. © 2025 by Begell House, Inc.

关键词： Fog computing

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Exploring ensemble optimized voting and stacking classifiers through Cross-validation for early detection of suicidal ideation

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Journal of Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems 2024年第5-6期47卷 335-349页

作者： Shukla, Shiv Shankar Prasad Singh, Maheshwari Prasad Department of Computer Science Engineering National Institute of Technology Patna Bihar Patna India

Detecting behavioral changes associated with suicidal ideation on social media is essential yet complex. While machine learning and deep learning hold promise in this regard, current studies often lack generalizability due to single dataset reliance. Traditional embedding techniques struggle with semantic analysis,leading to challenges in achieving high accuracy models and conventional validation methods have data drift limitations. To address these challenges, this study proposes a novel evaluation approach using natural language processing across diverse platforms like Twitter and Reddit. By integrating BERT embedding, adept at handling semantic nuances, with an optimized Stacked Classifier combining different base classifiers and XGBoost as the meta-classifier, the model excels in swiftly detecting signs of suicidal ideation compared to the Voting Classifier, i.e., the combination of Decision Tree, Random Forest, Gradient Boost and XGBoost and several machine learning models. Additionally, the study explores advanced embedding techniques like MUSE and LLM, and deep learning models including Bi-LSTM, Bi-GRU, and Text-CNN for *** ensemble approach aims to create a model that is not only interpretable but also robust, reducing computational complexity and enhancing resilience against noisy data - common challenges faced in text classification tasks. Through K-fold validation, which involves partitioning the dataset into k equal-sized subsets or "folds"and training the model k times, using k-1 folds for training and one-fold for testing each time, the proposed model achieves impressive accuracy rates of 97% on Reddit and 96% on Twitter datasets, underscoring its effectiveness in identifying suicidal ideation across social media platforms. © 2024 - IOS Press. All rights reserved.

关键词： Semantics

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A review on solidification of alloys under hypergravity

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Progress in Natural science:Materials International 2023年第3期33卷 279-294页

作者： Fangjie You Xinbao Zhao Quanzhao Yue Yuefeng Gu Jiahui Wang Hongbin Bei Ze Zhang Institute of Superalloys Science and Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials Zhejiang University Polytechnic Institute Zhejiang University

A comprehensive and integrated review of the hypergravity field applied to solidifying alloys is provided. The hypergravity field refers to an environment in which the acceleration of gravity is more significant than the gravitational acceleration through rotation, resulting in significant changes in the solidification behavior of the alloy. The convection mode of the melt is closely related to the level and direction of hypergravity. Obvious floatation or sedimentation of solutes and crystals of different densities is induced. Columnar-to-equiaxed transition, grain refinement, and gradients in composition and microstructure are readily available under hypergravity. Furthermore, the nucleation and growth of crystals and their migration under enhanced convection are gradually revealed through simulations and in-situ observations. This review aims to summarize the universal law of the effect of the hypergravity field on the composition distribution and microstructure evolution of alloys during solidification. Based on the development of hypergravity equipment and characterization methods, it is expected to broaden the theoretical framework of hypergravity solidification. To provide a theoretical reference for developing new solidification processes and high-performance materials.

关键词： Hypergravity Solidification Alloys Grain refinement Convection Segregation

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