Much recent research concerns systems, such as the Internet, whose components are owned and operated by different parties, each with his own "selfish" goal. The field of Algorithmic Mechanism Design handles ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)1595932364
Much recent research concerns systems, such as the Internet, whose components are owned and operated by different parties, each with his own "selfish" goal. The field of Algorithmic Mechanism Design handles the issue of private information held by the different parties in such computational settings. This paper deals with a complementary problem in such settings: handling the "hidden actions" that are performed by the different parties. Our model is a combinatorial variant of the classical principal-agent problem from economic theory. In our setting a principal must motivate a team of strategic agents to exert costly effort on his behalf, but their actions are hidden from him. Our focus is on cases where complex combinations of the efforts of the agents influence the outcome. The principal motivates the agents by offering to them a set of contracts, which together put the agents in an equilibrium point of the induced game. We present formal models for this setting, suggest and embark on an analysis of some basic issues, but leave many questions open. Copyright 2006 ACM.
In this paper, we present PmEB, an application for mobile phones that allows users to monitor their caloric balance as a part of weight management. PmEB allows users to track their caloric balance by recording food in...
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ISBN:
(纸本)1595932984
In this paper, we present PmEB, an application for mobile phones that allows users to monitor their caloric balance as a part of weight management. PmEB allows users to track their caloric balance by recording food intake and physical activity on their mobile phones. Daily reminder messages are sent via SMS messages to encourage compliance. Collected data is sent automatically every 24 hours to a central server where it can be analyzed in detail. PmEB was designed as a tool for both users to self-monitor and manage their food consumption and physical activity and primary health care providers to study behavioral patterns in overweight patients. Formative evaluation with seven health-intervention experts and a week-long user study with six clinically overweight, non-expert participants have shown PmEB to have promising potential for improving self-efficacy in dietary and exercise behavior.
In many areas of science and engineering, the problem arises how to discover low dimensional representations of high dimensional data. Recently, a number of researchers have converged on common solutions to this probl...
In many areas of science and engineering, the problem arises how to discover low dimensional representations of high dimensional data. Recently, a number of researchers have converged on common solutions to this problem using methods from convex optimization. In particular, many results have been obtained by constructing semidefinite programs (SDPs) with low rank solutions. While the rank of matrix variables in SDPs cannot be directly constrained, it has been observed that low rank solutions emerge naturally by computing high variance or maximal trace solutions that respect local distance constraints. In this paper, we show how to solve very large problems of this type by a matrix factorization that leads to much smaller SDPs than those previously studied. The matrix factorization is derived by expanding the solution of the original problem in terms of the bottom eigenvectors of a graph Laplacian. The smaller SDPs obtained from this matrix factorization yield very good approximations to solutions of the original problem. Moreover, these approximations can be further refined by conjugate gradient descent. We illustrate the approach on localization in large scale sensor networks, where optimizations involving tens of thousands of nodes can be solved in just a few minutes.
Identifying or matching the surface color of a moving object in surveillance video is critical for achieving reliable object-tracking and searching. Traditional color models provide little help, since the surface of a...
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Identifying or matching the surface color of a moving object in surveillance video is critical for achieving reliable object-tracking and searching. Traditional color models provide little help, since the surface of an object is usually not flat, the object’s motion can alter the surface’s orientation, and the lighting conditions can vary when the object moves. To tackle this research problem, we conduct extensive data mining on video clips collected under various lighting conditions and distances from several video-cameras. We observe how each of the eleven culture colors can drift in the color space when an object’s surface is in motion. In the color space, we then learn the drift pattern of each culture color for classifying unseen surface colors. Finally, we devise a distance function taking color drift into consideration to perform color identification and matching. Empirical studies show our approach to be very promising: achieving over 95% color-prediction accuracy.
Fermi-level pinning of poly-Si and metal-silicide gate materials on Hf-based gate dielectrics has been systematically studied theoretically. Fermi-level pinning in high-work-function materials is governed by the O vac...
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The next generation of mobile systems with multimedia processing capabilities and wireless connectivity will be increasingly deployed in highly dynamic and distributed environments for multimedia playback and delivery...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0769523129
The next generation of mobile systems with multimedia processing capabilities and wireless connectivity will be increasingly deployed in highly dynamic and distributed environments for multimedia playback and delivery (e.g. video streaming, multimedia conferencing). The challenge is to meet the heavy resource demands of multimedia applications under the stringent energy, computational, and bandwidth constraints of mobile systems, while constantly adapting to the global state changes of the distributed environment. In this paper, we present our initiatives under the FORGE framework to address the issue of delivering high quality multimedia content in mobile environments. In order to cope with the resource intensive nature of multimedia applications and dynamically changing global state (e.g. node mobility, network congestion), an end-to-end approach to QoS aware power optimization is required. We present a framework for coordinating energy optimizing strategies across various layers of system implementation and functionality and discuss techniques that can be employed to achieve energy gains for mobile multimedia systems.
Tasks of image clustering and classification often deal with data of very high dimensions. To alleviate the dimensionality curse, several methods, such as Isomap, LLE and KPCA, have recently been proposed and applied ...
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We present EXTENT, an image annotation system that combines the context and content information to annotate images with metadata that cannot be reliably inferred from either the context or the content alone. EXTENT fi...
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Well-run organizations collect, archive and analyze data relating to the effectiveness of their important processes. Educational institutions discard a wealth of student scores that could be analyzed. Each score conta...
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ISBN:
(纸本)1595930434
Well-run organizations collect, archive and analyze data relating to the effectiveness of their important processes. Educational institutions discard a wealth of student scores that could be analyzed. Each score contains important information about the student as well as the item (i.e., problem or question). This paper describes our project to develop an outcomes-based assessment system that mines per-item scores to track each student's skills and knowledge. Statistical inference techniques from both educational statistics and data, mining will quantitatively determine each student's acquired competency, with minimal input from faculty. The culmination of item-level assessment gives individual faculty feedback on their courses, and gives curriculum committees feedback on which objectives are sufficiently met by their respective curricula. Copyright 2005 ACM.
We define quantitative similarity functions between timed transition systems that measure the degree of closeness of two systems as a real, in contrast to the traditional boolean yes/no approach to timed simulation an...
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