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Categorizing methods for integrating machine learning with executable specifications

science China(Information sciences) 2024年第1期67卷 5-19页

作者： David HAREL Raz YERUSHALMI Assaf MARRON Achiya ELYASAF Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics Weizmann Institute of Science Department of Software and Information Systems Engineering Ben-Gurion University of the Negev

Deep learning(DL),which includes deep reinforcement learning(DRL),holds great promise for carrying out real-world tasks that human minds seem to cope with quite *** promise is already delivering extremely impressive results in a variety of ***,while DL-enabled systems achieve excellent performance,they are far from *** has been demonstrated,in several domains,that DL systems can err when they encounter cases they had not hitherto ***,the opacity of the produced agents makes it difficult to explain their behavior and ensure that they adhere to various requirements posed by human *** the other end of the software development spectrum of methods,behavioral programming(BP) facilitates orderly system development using self-standing executable modules aligned with how humans intuitively describe desired system *** this paper,we elaborate on different approaches for combining DRL with BP and,more generally,machine learning(ML) with executable specifications(ES).We begin by defining a framework for studying the various approaches,which can also be used to study new emerging approaches not covered *** then briefly review state-of-the-art approaches to integrating ML with ES,continue with a focus on DRL,and then present the merits of integrating ML with *** conclude with guidelines on how this categorization can be used in decision making in system development,and outline future research challenges.

关键词： machine learning artificial intelligence grey box learning domain knowledge rules behavioral programming deep reinforcement learning survey

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Enhancing patient-independent detection of freezing of gait in Parkinson’s disease with deep adversarial network

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年 1-21页

作者： Fahad, Md Shah Ranjan, Ashish Kumar, Gautam Department of Computer Science and Engineering Birla Institute of Technology Mesra Jharkhand Ranchi India Department of Computer Science and Engineering C. V. Raman Global University Odisha Bhubaneswar India Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology Delhi Delhi India

Freezing of gait (FoG) refers to sudden, relatively brief episodes of gait arrest in Parkinson’s disease, known to manifest in the advanced stages of the condition. Events of freezing are associated with tumbles, traumas, and psychological repercussions, significantly impacting the patient’s quality of life. The use of accelerometer data derived from sensors put on a patient’s body to detect FoG has previously been proposed using convolutional neural network (CNN)-based deep learning algorithms. Here, we combine a CNN + Long short-term Memory (LSTM)-attention model to detect FoG episodes—a first for the detection of FoG using the accelerometer data. CNN facilitates automatic feature extraction from the accelerometer data itself. The output from the CNN is fed to the LSTM network, which is known for capturing sequential information. Further, the attention mechanism introduces relative focus on individual sub-sequences during the training of the LSTM network. The proposed model is made patient independent using adversarial training. The proposed model achieved improvements of +7.60% (without adversarial training) and + 8.36% (with adversarial training) in the sensitivity values over state of the art. This is obtained with little or no compromise in specificity values. The corresponding improvements in accuracy values are +3.81 and +2.23%, respectively. These findings imply that the proposed method can detect FoG gaits satisfactorily and can be effective in achieving accurate monitoring and gait assistance for Parkinson’s disease patients during daily life and rehabilitation therapy. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Accelerometers

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A Novel Fuzzy Marine White Shark Optimization Based Efficient Routing and Enhancing Network Lifetime in MANET

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WIRELESS PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS 2023年第4期132卷 2363-2385页

作者： Devi, K. Lalitha Bhat, C. Rohith Devi, K. Lalitha KSR College of Engineering Tiruchengode Namakkal India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Saveetha School of Engineering SIMATS Chennai India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology Chennai India

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is an independent wireless temporary network established by employing a set of mobile nodes (i.e. laptops, smartphones, iPods, etc.) appropriate for the environment in which the network infrastructures are not fixed. The most common problems faced by MANET are energy efficiency, high energy consumption, low network lifetime as well as high traffic overhead which create an impact on overall network topology. Hence, it is necessary to provide an energy-effective CH election to take steps against such issues. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel model to enhance the network lifetime and energy efficiency by performing a routing strategy in MANET. In this paper, an optimal CH is selected by proposing a novel Fuzzy Marine White Shark optimization (FMWSO) algorithm which is obtained by integrating fuzzy operation with two optimization algorithms namely the marine predator algorithm and white shark optimizer. The proposed approach comprises three diverse stages namely Generation of data, Cluster Generation and CH selection. A novel FMWSO algorithm is proposed in such a way to determine the CH selection in MANET thereby enhancing the network topology, network lifetime and minimizing the overhead rate, and energy consumption. Finally, the performance of the proposed FMWSO approach is compared with various other existing techniques to determine the effectiveness of the system. The proposed FMWSO approach consumes minimum energy of 0.62 mJ which is lower than other approaches.

关键词： MANET Cluster head Fuzzy Marine White Shark Cluster generation Network lifetime Energy consumption

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Towards a smarter education system: an investigation into ML and DL for information retrieval

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-34页

作者： Sengupta, Subhabrata Chakrabarti, Satyajit University of Engineering and Management Kolkata India Faculty of Computer Science Institute of Engineering & Management Kolkata India

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a transformative technology that can embed intelligence and human-like behavior into systems and devices. To develop smart, intelligent, and automated systems that address current needs, it is essential to employ AI-based models. This paper explores various components of AI—visual, textual, interactive, functional, and analytical—that enhance the capabilities and intelligence of applications to solve real-world problems. Given the ever-changing and diverse nature of real-life issues and data, creating effective AI models presents significant challenges. This study examines how Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) techniques can be leveraged for Information Retrieval (IR) within the context of a smarter education system. It provides an overarching view of AI-based modeling and its potential to create intelligent systems in fields such as cybersecurity, smart cities, agriculture, healthcare, finance, and business. Furthermore, the paper discusses research challenges related to AI modeling and offers insights for decision-makers in various application fields on employing ML and DL to enhance educational systems. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Adversarial machine learning

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EPDTNet + -EM: Advanced Transfer Learning and SubNet Architecture for Medical Image Diagnosis

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Cognitive Computation 2025年第2期17卷 1-22页

作者： K, Dhivya K, Sangamithrai S, Indra Priyadharshini M, Vedaraj Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SRM Institute of Science and Technology Tamilnadu Kattankulathur India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R & d Institute of Science and Technology Tamilnadu Chennai India School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai India Department of Computer Science and Engineering R.M.D. Engineering College RSM Nagar Tamilnadu Kavaraipettai Thiruvallur601206 India

This paper presents a novel medical imaging framework, Efficient Parallel Deep Transfer SubNet+-based Explainable Model (EPDTNet + -EM), designed to improve the detection and classification of abnormalities in medical images. The model integrates Enhanced Exponential Transfer Learning (En-ETL) and the Parallel SubNet (PSNet +) architecture, addressing challenges like overfitting, high computational cost, and limited generalization across complex datasets. En-ETL accelerates learning and enhances precision, while PSNet + balances computational efficiency and performance through parallel convolutional layers and an axis attention mechanism. The proposed framework preprocesses medical images using resizing, noise removal, and contrast enhancement, ensuring high-quality inputs for analysis. For classification, the PSNet + model categorizes medical images into normal and abnormal cases. Explainable AI (XAI) is applied to highlight key features in classified images, improving interpretability and clinical decision-making. Experimental results validate the framework on various datasets, including MRI, CT, X-ray, and mammography images. The proposed model achieves a classification accuracy of 98.83%, a false positive rate of 2%, and an execution time of 5.3 ms. Comparative Analysis show superior performance over existing approaches in classification accuracy and efficiency. Ablation studies confirmed the significant contributions of the proposed model using each component in enhancing performance. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Transfer learning

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Question classification task based on deep learning models with self-attention mechanism

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第10期84卷 7777-7806页

作者： Mondal, Subhash Barman, Manas Nag, Amitava Computer Science and Engineering Central Institute of Technology Kokrajhar Assam Kokrajhar India Computer Science and Engineering [AI & ML Dayananda Sagar University Karnataka Bengaluru India

Question classification (QC) is a process that involves classifying questions based on their type to enable systems to provide accurate responses by matching the question type with relevant information. To understand and respond to natural language questions posed by humans, machine learning models or systems must comprehend the type of information requested, which can often be inferred from the structure and wording of the question. The high dimensionality and sparse nature of text data lead to challenges for text classification. These tasks can be improved using deep learning (DL) approaches to process complex patterns and features within input data. By training on large amounts of labeled data, deep learning algorithms can automatically extract relevant features and representations from text, resulting in more accurate and robust classification. This study utilizes a dataset comprising 5452 instances of questions and six output labels and uses two different word embedding techniques, like GloVe and Word2Vec, tested on the dataset using three deep learning models, LSTM, BiLSTM, and GRU, followed by a convolution layer. Additionally, a self-attention layer is included, which helps the model to focus on more relevant information when making predictions. Finally, an analytical discussion of the proposed models and their performance results provide insight into how GloVe and Word2Vec perform on the above-mentioned models. The GloVe embedding outperforms by achieving 97.68% accuracy and a moderate loss of 16.98 with the GRU model. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Embeddings

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ResdenseNet: a lightweight dense ResNet enhanced with depthwise separable convolutions and its applications for early plant disease classification

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第8期37卷 6305-6326页

作者： Nagpal, Jyoti Goel, Lavika Department of Computer Science & Engineering The NorthCap University Gurugram122017 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Malaviya National Institute of Technology Rajasthan Jaipur302017 India

In recent years, artificial intelligence has undergone robust development, leading to the emergence of numerous autonomous AI applications. However, a crucial challenge lies in optimizing computational efficiency and reducing training time while maintaining high accuracy with limited hardware resources. This paper introduces ResdenseNet, a model built upon the MobileNet, DenseNet, and ResNet architectures. ResdenseNet combines dense blocks and residual blocks from the DenseNet and ResNet architectures. In these dense blocks, the standard convolutional units are replaced by depthwise separable convolutional units, a significant part of the MobileNet architecture. The experimental outcomes are contrasted with established models and their iterations, including ResNet-50, ResNet-101, MobileNet-V1, MobileNet-V2, DenseNet-121, and DenseNet-169. The proposed model is tested on benchmark and proposed datasets, showcasing its efficiency in reducing computations and accelerating the training process. Emphasizing hyperparameter importance, ResdenseNet, optimized with a growth rate of 64, 6 layers, and ReLU activation, achieves an accuracy of (98.73%) and a F1-score of (98.20%) on the wheat and barley dataset. The results indicate that ResdenseNet significantly decreases the number of parameters to 0.72M and efficiently shortens training time to 5983.54 s. Particularly noteworthy is ResdenseNet’s superiority over other models in terms of having the fewest parameters, the shortest training time, and the highest accuracy, especially when dealing with wheat, barley, and maize datasets. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Plant diseases

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Segmentation of Skin Lesion Image Using FCM with Color Transformation Saliency 1

Segmentation of Skin Lesion Image Using FCM with Color Trans...

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1st IEEE International Conference on Computing and Data science, ICCDS 2024

作者： Bavya, S. Saravana Kumar, V. Kavitha, M. Anantha SivaPrakasam, S. Vels Institute of Science Technology & Advanced Studies Department of Computer Science & Engineering Chennai India Sreenidhi Institute of Science and Technology Department of Information Technology Hyderabad India S A Engineering College Department of Computer Science & Engineering Chennai India Rajalakshmi Engineering College Department of Computer Science & Technology Chennai India

ISBN: (数字)9798350365337

ISBN: (纸本)9798350365337

In the majority of Western nations including America, Australia and Europe, skin cancer is badly-behaved. Skin concealing, inadequacy of Sun-lights, climate, age, and inherited are major risk factors. Early identification of skin cancer and proceed the treatment can avoid death. The abnormal skin region determines where the skin diseases had been found. Various sorts of skin ailments be existent currently. Melanoma is the sort of skin threat which has grows the greater part of mortality rate. The timely identification and intercession of melanoma include myriad changes of fix. Melanoma has been recognized by shape, size, concealing and outward of the skin injury. This paper demonstration about the traditional clustering technique in particular Fuzzy Clustering technique is acted in these skin lesion pictures. This strategy is segmenting this melanoma from these dermoscopic images effectively. The presentation of this strategy is assessed as far as pixel grouped and time complexity. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Feature extraction

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Harvesting Knowledge: An Innovative Ontology Framework for Agricultural Advancement using NPL methodologies 3

Harvesting Knowledge: An Innovative Ontology Framework for A...

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3rd International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, Information and Communication Technologies, ICEEICT 2024

作者： Deepa, R. Das, Manisha Thilakavathy, P. Bennet Prabhu, A. Surendran, R. Srm Institute of Science and Technology School of Computing Department of Computing Technologies Chennai India Andhrapradesh Rajam India Vels Institute of Science and Engineering Vels Institute of Science Technology and Advanced Studies Computer Science and Engineering Chennai India Kone Elevator India Technology & Engineering Centre Tamil Nadu Chennai India Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Saveetha School of Engineering Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chennai India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350369083

This paper introduces Agricultural Advancement using NLP (AA-NLP) techniques as a strategy to overcome the limitations of traditional agricultural management information systems. There is a lot of unstructured data available but this situation makes agricultural research inefficient because of its knowledge extraction and usage failure. This problem is addressed by combining an ontology framework developed for agricultural information management with Natural Language Processing (NLP) methods. The solution, AA-NLP, utilizes modern NLP algorithms which extract, classify and evaluate agricultural information from many textual sources that include research papers, reports and online repositories. AA-NLP achieves effective information retrieval and exploitation through named entity identification, sentiment analysis and semantic similarity as well as other techniques to convert unstructured input into structured ontological representations. Applying AA-NLP has several benefits such as increased discoverability of relevant agricultural information, automatic classification of scientific findings, and generation of actionable insights for decision making in farming practices, crop management and formulation of agricultural policies. The effectiveness of AA-NLP was analyzed in this paper by measuring the precision associated with knowledge extraction and ontology creation through various performance metrics including accuracy, sustainability farming practices, agricultural productivity and precision. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Semantics

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Early Detection of Colletotrichum Kahawae Disease in Coffee Cherry Based on computer Vision Techniques

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computer Modeling in engineering & sciences 2024年第4期139卷 759-782页

作者： Raveena Selvanarayanan Surendran Rajendran Youseef Alotaibi Department of Computer Science and Engineering Saveetha School of EngineeringSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical ScienceChennai602105India Department of Computer Science College of Computer and Information SystemsUmm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah21955Saudi Arabia

Colletotrichum kahawae(Coffee Berry Disease)spreads through spores that can be carried by wind,rain,and insects affecting coffee plantations,and causes 80%yield losses and poor-quality coffee *** deadly disease is hard to control because wind,rain,and insects carry *** researchers utilized a deep learning system to identify CBD in coffee cherries at three growth stages and classify photographs of infected and uninfected cherries with 93%accuracy using a random forest *** the dataset is too small and noisy,the algorithm may not learn data patterns and generate accurate *** overcome the existing challenge,early detection of Colletotrichum Kahawae disease in coffee cherries requires automated processes,prompt recognition,and accurate *** proposed methodology selects CBD image datasets through four different stages for training and *** to train a model on datasets of coffee berries,with each image labeled as healthy or *** themodel is trained,SHAP algorithmto figure out which features were essential formaking predictions with the proposed *** of these characteristics were the cherry’s colour,whether it had spots or other damage,and how big the Lesions *** inception is important for classification to virtualize the relationship between the colour of the berry is correlated with the presence of *** evaluate themodel’s performance andmitigate excess fitting,a 10-fold cross-validation approach is *** involves partitioning the dataset into ten subsets,training the model on each subset,and evaluating its *** comparison to other contemporary methodologies,the model put forth achieved an accuracy of 98.56%.

关键词： computer vision coffee berry disease colletotrichum kahawae XG boost shapley additive explanations

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