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Core Technologies and Harmful Effects of 5G Wireless Technology

Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2021年第1期1817卷

作者： M Deivakani B Neeraja K Srinivasa Reddy Himanshu Sharma G Aparna Associate Professor PSNA College of Engineering and Technology Dindigul Tamil Nadu India Lecturer Government Polytechnic Masab Tank Hyderabad Telangana India Ph.D. Research Scholar Vels Institute of Science Technology and Advanced Studies Chennai Tamil Nadu India Associate Professor J B Institute of Engineering and Technology Hyderabad Telangana India Research Scholar University College of Engineering Osmania University Hyderabad Telangana India

5G (fifth generation) technology is used to interconnect all terminals, networks, multiple wireless technologies, applications simultaneously which can also switch between them based on VOIP (Voice-over-IP), flat IP, and Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6), thus user experiences call volume services and high-level data transmission. 5G network is reliable and very fast with minimum delay, higher data rate, greater security, real-time data handling, less error rate, and few data losses. The core technologies used in 5G networks include cloud computing, Heterogeneous Network (Het Net), internet of things (IoT), Cognitive Radio (CR) network, software-defined networking (SDN), Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO), and massive MIMO. 5G produces different harmful effects such as human health issues, environmental issues, health issues on birds and animals, thermal effects, etc. Regulating agencies have to set a Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), its maximum levels for handsets, and every mobile phone must have a SAR rating. 5G technology is used as intelligent technology in which 5G mobile phones can also be used as a tablet PC. This paper presents a general review on 5G along with its comparison with 4G, the general architecture of 5G, a detailed explanation about core technologies of 5G, and also harmful effects on different issues using 5G.

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Key Enabling Technologies of 5G Wireless Mobile Communication

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2021年第1期1817卷

作者： Sudhir Sharma M Deivakani K Srinivasa Reddy A K Gnanasekar G Aparna Assistant Professor Birla Institute of Applied Sciences Bhimtal Uttarakhand India Associate Professor PSNA College of Engineering and Technology Dindigul Tamil Nadu India Ph.D. Research Scholar Vels Institute of Science Technology and Advanced Studies Chennai Tamil Nadu India Professor Rajalakshmi Institute of Technology Chennai Tamil Nadu India Research Scholar University College of Engineering Osmania University Hyderabad Telangana India

5G (fifth generation) is more reliable at a very low cost and provides 10 times more capacity than other generations. Some of the countries namely India, South Korea, San Marino, China have conducted experiments for the implantation of 5G. 5G Wireless Technology used for mobile communication will be expected to be launched in India by 2020. Companies such as Nokia, Ericsson, Intel, AT&T, BT, Qualcomm, Verizon, and Samsung are developing the new wireless mobiles for 5G. High speed, low latency, and high capacity are the main characteristics of 5G for supporting different real-time multimedia. So, there is necessary to develop the 5G enabling technologies. The key enabling technologies used in 5G networks include Device-to-device (D2D) communication, Machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, Millimetre Wave, Quality of Service (QoS), Network Function Virtualization (NFV), Vehicle-to-everything (V2X), Full-Duplex and Green Communication. 5G allows transmitting data at 10-20 Gbps which is 100 times greater than 4G technology which creates new IoT robotic surgery applications. This paper explains about evolution and overview of 5G wireless technology with its features, applications, equipment providers, technological challenges, impact on society, etc. and also describes the architecture of 5G along with its key enabling technologies.

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Synthesize and characterization of fly ash based nanocomposites

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2020年第1期2283卷

作者： T. Gopalakrishnan R. Saravanan S. Ajith Arul Daniel 1Department of Mechanical Engineering School of Engineering Vels Institute of Science Technology and Advanced Studies (Deemed to be University) Chennai Tamil Nadu India 2Department of Mechanical Engineering Ellenki College of Engineering and Technology Hyderabad Telangana State India

The composite phenomenon helps us to achieve desired properties in the material. Inclusion of nano-sized particles is influence significantly in building the desired properties of composite. Such inclusion is in practice in MMC, PMC as well as CMC. This research focuses the stiffness building phenomenon in the Aramid/E-Glass polymer composite. The inclusion of nano sized fly ash particles is preferred to built up stiffness property in the Aramid/E-Glass polymer matrix composite. The inclusion of nano particles of fly ash varied from 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5%. The nanocomposites were characterized by Impact, flexural and tensile test as per applicable standard. The percentage of nano particles of fly ash inclusion is directly proportionate to the building the stiffness of nano-composite.

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Numerical analysis of single cylinder engine crankshaft

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2020年第1期2283卷

作者： S. Ajith Arul Daniel P. Shenbaga Velu R. Kumar S. Vijay Ananth 1Department of Mechanical Engineering Vels Institute of Science Technology & Advanced Studies Chennai - 600117 Tamilnadu India 2Department of Mechanical Engineering PSR Engineering College Sivakasi Tamilnadu India-626140 3Department of Mechanical Engineering Eritrea Institute of Technology Asmara Eritrea

In this static analysis has been performed for the crankshaft of four stroke single cylinder engine under fatigue stacking conditions. The primary target of this work is to demonstrate the crankshaft with measurements and accelerate the crankshaft for static and fatigue analysis. The business programming SOLIDWORKS 2013 is utilized for displaying the wrench shaft. The analysis programming ANSYS 14.5 is utilized for static and fatigue analysis of crank shaft. The finite element analysis was done for the current model of a 150cc motor crankshaft. The outcome shows that the greatest stress happens at the intersection of crankpin-crank arm and crankpin-main bearing journal. To acquire better life and to expand the life of the crankshaft, some structure adjustments were made by shifting the plan parameters in the overall crankshaft. Three models of crankshaft were acquired by presenting a different blend of structure parameters, for example, oil opening profundity, filet sweep, wrench geometry and crankpin gap to the Existing model. The quality and the life of the altered crankshafts were acquired by finite element analysis. The outcome of the current model and the changed models are looked at. From the examination, Modified model II shows preferred outcome over the other crankshaft models as far as quality and life.

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Optimizing the Concrete Materials by Taguchi Optimization Method

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IOP Conference Series: Materials science and engineering 2019年第1期574卷

作者： K.V Sabarish M Akish Remo Pratheeba Paul Vels Institute of Science Technology & Advanced Studies Chennai India Student Department of Civil Engineering Vels University Chennai India Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science Chennai India

This manuscript presents the outcome of an experimental investigation conceded out to optimize the mix proportions of the concrete by the Taguchi method of parameter design. The concrete mix design is done by the L9 orthogonal array that is 34. When a new material is used in the concrete all the mix variables are taken into account so that it may cost so much, it means more need for money, material, personnel and time. In order to reduce the number of mix combination in concrete, the Taguchi method is used. In this project the cement sand and aggregate are partially replaced by cement as fly ash, river sand as M-sand and the compression values are taken and the value is compared with the conventional concrete special concrete compression value is compared with the conventional concrete and S/N value is taken from the compression value and the comparison of the values are done. In order to attain good strength and to avoid cracks, sisal fiber is added in the concrete with a percentage of (1, 1.5, and 2).

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Effects of wear characterization analysis of the friction stir welded joints in aluminum alloy Al3116-Cu and A384 - Cu

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2020年第1期2283卷

作者： M. Vairavel R. Pughazhenthi R. Girimurugan S. Vinothkumar Poornachandiran N. Department of Mechanical Engineering Vels Institute of Science Technology & Advanced Studies Chennai 600 117 Tamilnadu India Department of Mechanical Engineering Nandha College of Technology Perundurai Tamilnadu India Department of Mechanical Engineering KSR College of Engineering Tiruchengode Namakal Tamilnadu India Department of Mechanical Engineering Bhaktavatsalam Polytechnic College Kanchipuram 631552 Tamilnadu India

The wear is one of the principal problems in friction-stir welding (FSW) of different aluminum alloys. When two different metals are welded with FSW, various mechanical, metallurgy and chemical characteristics have been possessed in comparison to the base substances. For this reason, Wear performance is a major feature of the process of FSW. In this study, a 6.35 mm thickness of two dissimilar aluminum alloys as Al3116-Cu and A384-Cu have been chosen to expand a design matrix that produces welds that use the package of MINITAB-17. The pieces of Friction-stir- welded considered as test samples and the test are conducted on tensile strength of pieces. Abrasive resistance is analyzed for peak and minimal tensile strength samples and its findings were compared to abrasive resistance of the base metal. The dissimilar load of 25N, 50 N and 100 N were applied at 360 Seconds of constant time, 500 min–1 of constant RPM i.e., revolution per minute and 3.141 M/S of constant sliding speed to attain the results. As a result, it was detected that, under all the applied loads, the Wear of the FSW manufactured was lower in comparison to the Al3116-Cu and A384-Cu aluminum base metal. Conversely, the Wear of the weld is greater when compared with Al3116-Cu aluminum base metal.

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Emerging therapeutic strategies and opportunities in targeting protein pathways for breast cancer treatment: a critical review

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Nanotechnology 2025年第23期36卷 232001-232001页

作者： Theivendren, Panneerselvam Pavadai, Parasuraman Kunjiappan, Selvaraj Ravi, Kaveena Kiruthiga, Natarajan Chidamabaram, Kumarappan Alagarsamy, Shanmugarathinam Reddy, Nagireddy Bhuvan Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Analysis School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vels Institute of Science Technology & Advanced Studies Pallavaram Tamil Nadu Chennai600117 India Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences M S R Nagar Karnataka Bengaluru560054 India Department of Biotechnology Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education Tamil Nadu Krishnankoil626126 India Department of Pharmaceutics Swamy Vivekananda College of Pharmacy Elayampalayam Tamil Nadu Namakkal637205 India Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry KMCH College of Pharmacy Kalappatti road Tamil Nadu Coimbatore641048 India Department of Pharmacology College of Pharmacy King Khalid University Asir Province Abha61421 Saudi Arabia Department of Pharmaceutical Technology University College of Engineering Bharathidasan Institute of Technology Campus Anna University Tamil Nadu Tiruchirappalli620024 India Center for Global Health Research Saveetha Medical College Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Tamil Nadu Chennai602 105 India

Understanding breast cancer at a molecular level is essential for developing effective treatments due to its significant impact on women’s mortality rates globally. Targeted medicines focus on specific proteins crucial to breast cancer progression, offering a promising treatment avenue. These proteins, often overexpressed or mutated in cancer cells, are vital for cell proliferation, division, and survival. Targeted drugs aim to inhibit these proteins, halting disease progression and sparing non-cancerous cells, which reduces side effects and improves patient quality of life. Key proteins in breast cancer treatment include HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2), ER (estrogen receptor), and PR (progesterone receptor). Drugs like Trastuzumab target HER2 to impede tumor growth in HER2-positive cancers, while hormone therapies targeting ER and PR improve outcomes for hormone receptor-positive cancers. Examining proteins such as EGFR, HER2/Neu, and ER reveals their roles in cancer pathways, with pathways like PI3K/Akt/mTOR (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin) and MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) being crucial targets for therapies, potentially revolutionizing breast cancer treatment. © 2025 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.

关键词： Targeted drug delivery

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Special labeling for duplicate graph of circular polygon graph with 2 chord

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2020年第1期2261卷

作者： E. Nandagopal V. Maheswari 1Department of Mathematics Assistant Professor Sriram Engineering College Perumalpatu Tiruvallur 602024 India 2Department of Mathematics Associate Professor Vels Institute of Science Technology and Advance Studies (VISTAS) Pallavaram Chennai India

In this article, we introduce the special labeling for the Duplicate Graph of behavior thespecial graph of Circular Polygon ***(CPGk) k ≥ 2, On signed product, Bi conditional cordial and Sum divisor cordial labeling ...

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Bi-conditional Cordial Labeling for Extended Duplicate Graph of Certain Classes of Graphs

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2019年第1期1377卷

作者： Nandagopal, E Maheswari, V Sriram Engineering College Perumalapattu Tiruvallur- 602024 Vels Institute of Science Technology and Advanced Studies (VISTAS) Chennai–6000117

In this article we admit Bi- Conditional for Duplicate graph of Quadrilateral Snake EDG(QSm)m ≥ 2, Double Quadrilateral SnakeGraphs EDG(DQSm)m ≥ 2, and Triangular ladder graph. EDG(TQLm)m ≥ 2.

In this article we admit Bi- Conditional for Duplicate graph of Quadrilateral Snake EDG(QSm )m ≥ 2, Double Quadrilateral SnakeGraphs EDG(DQSm )m ≥ 2, and Triangular ladder graph. EDG(TQLm )m ≥ 2.

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Solidification behaviour of squeeze cast aluminium composites

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2020年第1期2283卷

作者： P. Gurusamy S. Balasivanandha Prabu P. Nagasankar V. Muthuraman V. Mohanavel 1Department of Mechanical Engineering Chennai Institute of Technology Chennai 600 069 India 2Department of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering Guindy Anna University Chennai 600 025 India 3Department of Mechanical Engineering Vel Tech High Tech Dr. Rangarajan Dr. Sakunthala Engineering College Chennai 600 062 India 4Department of Mechanical Engineering Vels Institute of Science Technology and Advanced Studies (VISTAS) Chennai 600 117 India

The effect of die temperature on the solidification behaviour of aluminium mixed ceramic cast samples are studied. The samples are prepared by squeeze casting method. The die temperatures are assigned in this work from 220 - 280°C and the preparation of aluminium in liquid state of temperature is 850°C, respectively. The application of pressure during this process is 70 MPa. It was observed that the solidification time varies from 29 seconds at 220°C and 37 seconds at 280°C. Increasing the die temperature resulted in decreasing the cooling rate. The experimental and theoretical solidification time was almost equal and close in their values.

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