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5th IEEE Research and Applications of Photonics in Defense Conference, RAPID 2022

作者： Gieser, Anna Vitola, Sabina Enochson, Avery Wolf, Henry Striker, Ryan Cleveland, Jerika Braaten, Benjamin D. Ewert, Daniel Mitra, Dipankar Allen, Jeffery Allen, Monica North Dakota State University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Fargo United States Minnesota State University Bell Program Department of Integrated Engineering MankatoMN United States Program of Minnesota State University Department of Integrated Engineering at Iron Range Engineering MankatoMN United States University of Wisconsin - la Crosse Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering La CrosseWI United States Munitions Directorate Air Force Research Laboratory Eglin Air Force Base FL32542 United States

ISBN: (数字)9781665402231

ISBN: (纸本)9781665402231

Human cognitive processes remain an area of strong interest and ongoing research. One tool to gain greater insight into this process is neuronal modeling. The following features are desirable in a neuronal modeling tool: a library of known parameters for different neurons and species, the ability to select the neuron and species of interest, the ability to quickly simulate neuronal behavior, and the ability to calculate metabolic requirements and efficiencies for various neuronal activity. Many of these can be found in software today, but not all elements can be found in one entity. The goal of this work is to develop a neuronal modeling tool that incorporates these features. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Neurons

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Brain Tumor Detection and Segmentation Using Deep Learning Models

Brain Tumor Detection and Segmentation Using Deep Learning M...

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Artificial Intelligence (WSAI), World Symposium on

作者： Moses Kazeem Abiodun Abidemi Emmanuel Adeniyi Joseph Bamidele Awotunde Halleluyah Aworinde George Tinuoye Agbotiname Lucky Imoize Chun-Ta Li Cheng-Chi Lee Department of Computer Science Landmark University Omu-Aran Kwara State Nigeria Department of Computer Science Bowen University Iwo Osun State Nigeria Department of Computer Science University of Ilorin Ilorin Kwara State Nigeria Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Lagos Akoka Nigeria Bachelor's Program of Artificial Intelligence and Information Security Fu Jen Catholic University New Taipei City Taiwan Department of Library and Information Science Fu Jen Catholic University New Taipei City Taiwan

ISBN: (数字)9798350374162

ISBN: (纸本)9798350374179

This study focuses on brain tumor detection and segmentation using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) with architectures of Fully Convolutional Net-work (FCN) and VGG16. The dataset imported for this study consists of brain MRI images, which were preprocessed to improve the overall image resolution. Data augmentation techniques were applied to heighten the variability and volume of the training data. For feature extraction, CNN models were utilized, specifically the VGG16 architectures. This model was trained on a preprocessed dataset to learn the important features associated with the presence of brain tumor. Image segmentation was performed to precisely outline and identify the tumor region within the brain images. FCN architecture was employed for this task, which allowed pixel-level classification of tumor regions. Finally, image classification was carried out to group brain images based on the absence or presence of a tumor. The trained models were evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall and F1score as the performance metrics. The results of the study demonstrated promising outcomes, achieving an accuracy score of 93% and a precision, recall and f1score ranging from 75% to 100% based on the specific type of tumor enlisted. This indicates that the developed CNN models, with the FCN and VGG16 architectures, effectively detect and segment brain tumors from MRI images. The findings of this study contribute to the field of medical image analysis and gives a foundation for further research and development in brain tumor diagnosis and treatment. The study recommends the use of more deep learning algorithms for the process of detecting brain tumors.

关键词： Deep learning Image segmentation Accuracy Magnetic resonance imaging Computational modeling Brain tumors Brain modeling Distance measurement Classification algorithms Convolutional neural networks

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PROM: A Phrase-level Copying Mechanism with Pre-training for Abstractive Summarization

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Ma, Xinbei Gong, Yeyun He, Pengcheng Zhao, Hai Duan, Nan Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Key Laboratory of Shanghai Education Commission for Intelligent Interaction and Cognitive Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Microsoft Research Asia China

Based on the remarkable achievements of pretrained language models in abstractive summarization, the copying mechanism has proved helpful by improving the factuality, stability, and overall performance. This work proposes PROM, a new PhRase-level cOpying Mechanism that enhances attention on n-grams, which can be applied to zero-shot summarization with pre-training. PROM adds an indicator layer to explicitly pick up tokens in n-gram that can be copied from the source, and calculates an auxiliary loss for the copying prediction. Empirical studies show that PROM makes significant improvements in fine-tuning on benchmarks. In the zero-shot setting, PROM is utilized in the self-supervised pre-training on raw corpora and provides new general baselines on a wide range of summarization datasets. Further analysis shows that PROM performs more reasonable copying and contributes to faithfulness. Our code is publicly available at https://***/xbmxb/PROM. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Zero-shot learning

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Predicting Types of Urinary Crystals and Diameter Using Image Processing Techniques and Deep Learning Models 24

Predicting Types of Urinary Crystals and Diameter Using Imag...

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8th International Conference on Medical and Health Informatics, ICMHI 2024

作者： Huang, Yu-Ju Tseng, Yi-Shiou Chen, Tzu-Jung Chien, Ting-Ying Department of Computer Science and Engineering Yuan Ze University Taoyuan City Taiwan Department of Surgery Far Eastern Memorial Hospital Graduate Institute of Medicine Yuan Ze University Taiwan Graduate Program in Biomedical Informatics Yuan Ze University Taoyuan City Taiwan Innovation Center for Big Data and Digital Convergence Yuan Ze University Taoyuan City Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9798400716874

Kidney stones are primarily crystals formed from ion oversaturation in urine. Currently, the diagnosis of kidney stones involves experienced professionals manually interpreting images of urinary crystals under a microscope. In recent years, with the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI), many researchers have proposed various methods to assist in diagnosis, hoping to improve medical quality. This study explored the application of AI in the medical field, aiming to automate the interpretation of urinary crystal images, such as red blood corpuscles (RBCs), calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM), calcium oxalate dihydrate octahedron (COD-OCT), calcium oxalate dihydrate dodecahedron (COD-DOD), debris, and others, and to use image processing techniques to classify urinary crystal types. This research is expected to assist medical personnel in quickly determining the categories of urinary crystals. Ultimately, our model achieved an F1-score of 0.93, indicating that this architecture has significant potential. © 2024 Copyright ACM.

关键词： Deep learning

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Re-framing Incremental Deep Language Models for Dialogue Processing with Multi-task Learning 28

Re-framing Incremental Deep Language Models for Dialogue Pro...

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28th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, COLING 2020

作者： Rohanian, Morteza Hough, Julian Cognitive Science Group School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Queen Mary University of London United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9781952148279

We present a multi-task learning framework to enable the training of one universal incremental dialogue processing model with four tasks of disfluency detection, language modelling, part-of-speech tagging and utterance segmentation in a simple deep recurrent setting. We show that these tasks provide positive inductive biases to each other with optimal contribution of each one relying on the severity of the noise from the task. Our live multi-task model outperforms similar individual tasks, delivers competitive performance and is beneficial for future use in conversational agents in psychiatric treatment. © 2020 COLING 2020 - 28th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Proceedings of the Conference. All rights reserved.

关键词： Modeling languages

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A Comparison of Three Types of computer-Based Procedures: An Experiment Using the Rancor Microworld Simulator 67th

A Comparison of Three Types of Computer-Based Procedures: An...

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67th International Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, HFES 2023

作者： Hall, Anna Boring, Ronald L. Ulrich, Thomas A. Lew, Roger Velazquez, Michelle Xing, Jinding Whiting, Tim Makrakis, Georgios Michail Human Factors and Reliability Department Idaho National Laboratory Idaho FallsID United States Virtual Technology and Design Program University of Idaho MoscowID United States Psychology Department Idaho State University Pocatello Idaho United States Civil and Environmental Engineering Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA United States Computer Science Department Brigham Young University ProvoUT United States Computer Science Department University of Idaho Idaho FallsID United States

The nuclear power industry has historically used paper-based procedures, but a shift towards computer-based procedures (CBPs) has the potential to reduce human errors, alleviate mental workload, and improve work performance. Twentyseven participants were randomly assigned to one of three CBP types using the Rancor Microworld Simulator, and each performed two different types of operational scenarios (startup and loss of feedwater). The three CBP types varied in levels of digitalization. It was hypothesized that there would be less favorable impressions of the most basic procedures, and that these would demonstrate lower usability than types with greater digitalization. Overall, our predictions were partially supported with some interesting caveats, specifically with some performance benefits for CBPs that provided indicators but not embedded controls. We discuss our findings in terms of optimal levels of digitalization/automation within nuclear operations and suggest pathways for future directions. © 2023 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.

关键词： Human-system integration Interface evaluation System design and analysis Usability

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Constructing an Automated Method for Interpreting Alzheimer’s Disease Based on Deep Learning Models and Image Processing 24

Constructing an Automated Method for Interpreting Alzheimer...

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8th International Conference on Medical and Health Informatics, ICMHI 2024

作者： Yi, Chia-Pin Ting, Hsien-Wei Yang, Tzu-Fang Chien, Ting-Ying Department of Computer Science and Engineering Yuan Ze University Taoyuan City Taiwan Department of Neurosurgery Taipei Hospital Ministry of Health and Welfare New Taipei City242 Taiwan Graduate Program in Biomedical Informatics Yuan Ze University Taoyuan City Taiwan TaiwanInnovation Center for Big Data and Digital Convergence Yuan Ze University Taoyuan City Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9798400716874

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) often presents only mild symptoms in its early stages, and as there is no direct diagnostic method currently available, many patients are diagnosed only after the condition has worsened. Considering that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide key information in the diagnosis of AD, but the condition may go undiagnosed under manual interpretation due to the subtleness of symptoms and the reliance on radiologists to interpret MRI images, this study aimed to develop an automated method for interpreting brain MR images, hoping to screen for potential AD patients. By combining image processing, the U-Net model, YOLOv8 model, various CNN model architectures, and ensemble data statistics, our method was able to identify features related to AD and predict whether a patient has the disease. Our method can process a complete set of MR images and automatically extract important slices for prediction, making it practical for medical applications. Furthermore, we tested the accuracy and reliability of the method with additional datasets. © 2024 Copyright ACM.

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging

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Cryptanalysis and improvement of quantum secure multi-party summation using single photons

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Physica Scripta 2024年第3期99卷 035114-035114页

作者： Tsai, Chia-Wei Lin, Jason Yang, Chun-Wei Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taichung University of Science and Technology No.129 section 3 Sanmin Rd North District Taichung404 Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Chung Hsing University No. 145 Xingda Rd. South District Taichung40227 Taiwan Program for Digital Health Innovation College of Humanities and Sciences China Medical University No. 100 section 1 Jingmao Rd. Beitun Dist. Taichung406040 Taiwan

A previous study [Entropy 25.4 (2023): 590] proposed a quantum secure multi-party summation protocol wherein n participants could obtain the modulo-2 summation result using single photons and single-particle operations. Owing to the absence of an entanglement state, this protocol was more practical than other quantum summation protocols that used entanglement properties. Thus, this study investigated the claim that this proposed protocol prevented the participants’ secret inputs from being disclosed. It was found that the previously proposed protocol was vulnerable to a quantum Trojan horse attack owing to the circular qubit transmission mode. Using a security loophole, this study proposed an attack strategy that allowed an outside attacker to steal any participant’s secret input without being detected by a third party and participants. In addition, a simulation experiment was conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed attack and evaluate the number of quantum Trojan horse probes that the attacker must inject into regular qubit sequences. Finally, a solution was proposed by modifying the protocol to securely prevent quantum Trojan horse attacks. © 2024 IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Photons

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Measurement of Muscle Stimulation and Hot Compression for Rehabilitation 3

Measurement of Muscle Stimulation and Hot Compression for Re...

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3rd International Conference on Electrical, Communication and computer engineering, ICECCE 2021

作者： Chirakanphaisarn, Neramitr Thongkanluang, Thadsanee Thammasat University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Thailand Suratthani Rajabhat University Program in Materials Technology Manufacturing Faculty of Science and Technology Thailand

ISBN: (纸本)9781665438971

This research is to study the electric muscle stimulation system and hot compress. As well as focusing on building tools for applications in rehabilitation medicine and physical therapy. The neuromuscular system is an important mechanism in human life. In the event that the muscles are stressed or contracted while the subject is recovering, the need for recovery and stimulation tools is an important part of the physical therapy. We designed electrical circuits for automatic control and used an ARDUINO microcontroller to connect analog and digital ports to transmit and receive clinical parameters. The number of voluntary subjects was 20. Each subject remembered to perform 5 stimulation sessions for 10 minutes. Total period that the researcher collects data is approximately 3 months. The trials were based on ethical studies in humans, where trials and researches showed that subjects were 980% satisfied with very few side effects, and subjects had improved muscle development. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Muscle

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Topic Relation Graph Construction to Identify Challenges in Introducing programming in Indonesian K-12 Education

Topic Relation Graph Construction to Identify Challenges in ...

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Smart Technology (ICE-SMARTec), IEEE International Conference on

作者： Mewati Ayub Oscar Karnalim Hapnes Toba Maresha Caroline Wijanto Hans Dulimarta Williyandie Saputra Tabitha Emanuella Kotambunan Master Program of Computer Science Maranatha Christian University Bandung Indonesia Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Ewha Womans University Seoul South Korea School of Computing Grand Valley State University Michigan USA Informatics Engineering Maranatha Christian University Bandung Indonesia

programming can help K-12 students to develop their 21st-century core skills. Despite the benefits, programming is not common to be delivered in Indonesian K-12 education. There is a need to understand potential challenges in introducing programming to K-12 students. We developed a questionnaire survey covering four identified dimensions of challenges: administrative, facilities, teachers, and students. We also asked about common programming assessments and their preferred software features for teaching programming. Forty K-12 teachers were invited to complete the survey. The responses were analyzed with thematic analysis using a bigram-based Latent Dirichlet Allocation topic modeling and descriptive statistics. Our study shows that the challenges include limited learning modules, an insufficient number of computers, limited programming skills, and limited computational thinking skills. Scratch was the most common programming language used and many programming assessments were about debugging a program or writing a small program. Visualization and animation can be helpful in teaching programming.

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