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A Self-Healing WDM Access Network with Protected Fiber and FSO Link Paths Effective Against Fiber Breaks

Photonics 2025年第4期12卷 323-323页

作者： Wu, Tsu-Hsin Liao, Chien-Yu Yeh, Chien-Hung Chen, Yuan-Wen Kao, Yu-Hsin Lin, Sung-Yi Lin, Yu-Heng Liaw, Shien-Kuei Department of Photonics Feng Chia University Taichung40724 Taiwan Master’s Program of Space System Engineering Feng Chia University Taichung407802 Taiwan Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei10607 Taiwan

In this article, an additional protected fiber and free-space optical (FSO) link path is proposed, to provide self-healing capabilities for protection against fiber faults in wavelength division multiplexed passive optical network (WDM-PON) systems. The new optical line terminal (OLT), remote node (RN), and optical network unit (ONU) in the presented PON architecture result in self-protective function against fiber breakpoints. In the measurement, 25 Gbit/s on-off keying (OOK) modulation was applied on each WDM channel to assess the downstream and upstream signals after 25 km single-mode fiber (SMF) and 25 km SMF + 2 m FSO connections, respectively. In addition to using protected fiber paths for self-healing operations. This PON system can also apply the FSO link method. The measured bit error rate (BER) for all downstream and upstream traffic was maintained below 3.8 × 10−3 with forward error correction (FEC). The detected optical power sensitivity of the proposed self-restorative fiber- and FSO-based WDM-PON for downstream and upstream WDM signals ranged from −33.5 to −28.5 dBm and from −33 to −28.5 dBm, respectively, and the corresponding power budgets of the downstream and upstream WDM signals were between 29.5 and 30.5 dB and 33 and 38 dB, respectively. © 2025 by the authors.

关键词： Forward error correction

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Enhancement of Antenna Gain With M&W Slot Model on EBG Reflector Structure Utilizing Reflection Phase Diagram Analysis

Enhancement of Antenna Gain With M&W Slot Model on EBG Refle...

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International Electrical engineering Congress (iEECON)

作者： Payu Chakunna Nopphadon Phusam Pisit Mahatthanajatuphat Wilaiporn Lee Thanakarn Suangun School of Engineering University of Phayao Phayao Thailand Regular Program in Mathematics-Science Yothinburana School Bangkok Thailand Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok Bangkok Thailand

ISBN: (数字)9798331543952

ISBN: (纸本)9798331543969

This research demonstrates the improvement in antenna gain by utilizing an EBG reflector. The EBG reflector includes a unit cell with grooves shaped like the letters M and W to mitigate surface waves at a frequency of 2.45 GHz. The suggested EBG reflector is constructed on an FR-4 substrate exhibiting a uniform dielectric constant of 4.3, a loss tangent of 0.025, and a thickness of 1.6 mm. Furthermore, the impact of boosting the antenna gain can be analyzed by the reflection phase diagram, which exhibits values ranging from +90° to -90° at the resonant frequency of the reflector. The proposed EBG reflector comprises 5x5 unit cells. The testing results of the reflector's performance, when integrated with a general dipole antenna, indicate that it can effectively respond to the resonant frequency of 2.45 GHz, with a |S 11 | level below -10 dB within the frequency range of 2.2 GHz to 2.6 GHz, thereby adequately covering the IEEE 802.11 b/g/n band. The suggested EBG reflector exhibits a gain of around 6.5 dBi at 2.45 GHz, indicating its efficacy in enhancing gain relative to the standard PEC reflector. Moreover, the radiation pattern is also directional.

关键词： Slot antennas Dipole antennas Resonant frequency Reflector antennas Metamaterials Reflection Gain Standards Periodic structures Antenna radiation patterns

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Design of a Framework Based on MCDM and Data Analytics for Improving the Inventory Management of Supplies for Clinical Studies: A Case Study in a Research Center of a High Complexity Clinic 26th

Design of a Framework Based on MCDM and Data Analytics for I...

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26th International Conference on Human-computer Interaction, HCII 2024

作者： Jiménez-Delgado, Genett Isabel Aslan, Imran Hernández-Palma, Hugo Orozco Bohorquez, Mario Acosta Ortega, Felipe Plazas-Alvarado, Jonny Jiménez-Coronado, Angélica Roncallo-Pichon, Alberto Morales-Espinosa, Roberto Department of Industrial Engineering Institución Universitaria de Barranquilla IUB Barranquilla Colombia Faculty of Health Sciences Bingöl University Bingöl12000 Turkey Faculty of Engineering Industrial Engineering Program Corporación Universitaria Iberoamericana IBERO Bogotá Colombia Department of Computer Science and Electronics Universidad de la Costa CUC Barranquilla Colombia Faculty of Economic Accounting and Administrative Sciences Business Administration Program Fundación Universitaria de Popayan Popayan Colombia Bogotá Colombia Department of Business Transformation - Business Administration Program Corporación Unificada Nacional de Educación Superior – CUN Bogotá Colombia Faculty of Economic Administrative and Accounting Sciences. Accounting Program Corporación Universitaria Americana Barranquilla Colombia International Business Program Fundación Universitaria CEIPA Barranquilla Colombia

ISBN: (纸本)9783031768088

Inventory management in the health sector, specifically in the pharmaceutical service, represents a high percentage of logistics costs, putting pressure on health institutions to optimize inventory management to guarantee the availability of supplies. On the other hand, different regulations worldwide establish the adoption of mechanisms and policies for adequate inventory management, a situation that in low- and middle-income countries is restricted by resource limitations and the low implementation of robust techniques and methodologies. Different applications of models for inventory management have been identified in the literature, such as optimization models, Lean tools, and multicriteria decision-making methods. However, integrated approaches to optimize demand management, ordering, and controlling pharmaceutical services supplies are still under development. Therefore, the present study proposes a three-phase hybrid approach based on MCDM techniques and data analytics to improve inventory management of the pharmaceutical service in a health research center. The first stage consisted of characterizing the process to identify aspects for improvement. In the second stage, a multicriteria ABC classification model based on F-AHP and TOPSIS was applied to classify laboratory supplies for three selected clinical studies. Furthermore, the appropriate forecasting method was chosen for each clinical study, and a combined model (P model and FEFO model) was applied to establish the reorder point. Then, strategies, mechanisms, and policies were proposed to improve inventory management and redesign the process flow. As the main results, a multicriteria ABC method was obtained to classify laboratory supplies, taking into account Rotation (GW = 0.512), Criticality (GW = 0.286), and Availability (GW = 0.203). On the other hand, through data analysis and regression models, the exponential smoothing model with α = 0.10 was identified as the most convenient forecasting model, as

关键词： Decision making

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Transfer learning‑based attenuation correction in ^99mTc-TRODAT-1 SPECT for Parkinson’s disease using realistic simulation and clinical data

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EJNMMI Physics 2025年第1期12卷 1-14页

作者： Huang, Wenbo Jiang, Han Du, Yu Wang, Haiyan Sun, Hao Hung, Guang-Uei Mok, Greta S. P. Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (BIG) Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Science and Technology University of Macau SAR Taipa Macao PET-CT Center Fujian Medical University Union Hospital Fuzhou China Center for Cognitive and Brain Sciences Institute of Collaborative Innovation University of Macau SAR Taipa Macao Research Center for Medical AI Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China School of Biomedical Engineering Southern Medical University Guangzhou China Department of Nuclear Medicine Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital Changhua County Taiwan

Purpose: Dopamine transporter (DAT) SPECT is an effective tool for early Parkinson’s disease (PD) detection and heavily hampered by attenuation. Attenuation correction (AC) is the most important correction among other corrections. Transfer learning (TL) with fine-tuning (FT) a pre-trained model has shown potential in enhancing deep learning (DL)-based AC methods. In this study, we investigate leveraging realistic Monte Carlo (MC) simulation data to create a pre-trained model for TL-based AC (TLAC) to improve AC performance for DAT SPECT. Methods: A total number of 200 digital brain phantoms with realistic ^99mTc-TRODAT-1 distribution was used to generate realistic noisy SPECT projections using MC SIMIND program and an analytical projector. One hundred real clinical ^99mTc-TRODAT-1 brain SPECT data were also retrospectively analyzed. All projections were reconstructed with and without CT-based attenuation correction (CTAC/NAC). A 3D conditional generative adversarial network (cGAN) was pre-trained using 200 pairs of simulated NAC and CTAC SPECT data. Subsequently, 8, 24, and 80 pairs of clinical NAC and CTAC DAT SPECT data were employed to fine-tune the pre-trained U-Net generator of cGAN (TLAC-MC). Comparisons were made against without FT (DLAC-MC), training on purely limited clinical data (DLAC-CLI), clinical data with data augmentation (DLAC-AUG), mixed MC and clinical data (DLAC-MIX), TL using analytical simulation data (TLAC-ANA), and Chang’s AC (ChangAC). All datasets used for DL-based methods were split to 7/8 for training and 1/8 for validation, and a 1-/2-/5-fold cross-validation were applied to test all 100 clinical datasets, depending on the numbers of clinical data used in the training model. Results: With 8 available clinical datasets, TLAC-MC achieved the best result in Normalized Mean Squared Error (NMSE) and Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) (TLAC-MC;NMSE = 0.0143 ± 0.0082/SSIM = 0.9355 ± 0.0203), followed by DLAC-AUG, DLA

关键词： 99mTc-TRODAT-1 Attenuation correction Brain SPECT Monte carlo simulation Parkinson’s disease Transfer learning

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Interconnected Through Robotic System in English Foreign Language Education 5th

Interconnected Through Robotic System in English Foreign Lan...

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5th International Conference on Advances in Information Communication Technology and Computing, AICTC 2024

作者： Muthmainnah, M. de Barros Cardoso, Luís Miguel Oliveira Kaur, Dalwinder Burhamzah, Muftihaturrahmah Aeni, Nur Al Yakin, Ahmad Sharma, Aditi Teacher Training and Education Faculty Indonesian Language Study Program Universitas Al Asyariah Mandar Polewali Mandar Indonesia Portugal Department of Languages and Communication Sciences Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre Portalegre Portugal Manipal Globalnxt University Kuala Lumpur Malaysia English Study Program Universitas Negeri Makassar Makassar Indonesia Teacher Training and Education Faculty Civic Education Study Program Universitas Al Asyariah Mandar Polewali Mandar Indonesia Department of Computer Science and Engineering Symbiosis Institute of Technology Symbiosis International [Deemed University Pune India

ISBN: (纸本)9789819761050

Robots have become increasingly important in a variety of life domains as a result of the rapid advancement of technology. Additionally, robots are employed in education as teaching assistants in science, art, and language courses. This research aims to explore the potential of robotic systems as a multipurpose tool for increasing cultural awareness, language proficiency, and communicative competence in the GenAI era. Language games, conversation simulations, and real-time feedback mechanisms are just a few examples of interactive scenarios enabled by virtual robot systems or tutor robots that enable immersive language experiences that go beyond the limitations of conventional schooling. This research contributes knowledge that explores how AI can be used to personalize language teaching according to the needs and learning styles of each student in higher education. The total population of undergraduate students involved in this research was 350 for the 2023 academic year, with 24 students selected purposefully based on sample characteristics from this group who were exposed to using AI for one semester. The research method used is a mix method with quantitative analysis of the results of surveys and interviews with students who are known to have given positive responses and proposes a comprehensive strategy for using AI robot technology in EFL classrooms, which can significantly improve effective learning outcomes. The survey results also show that if educators have a solid understanding of the relationship between linguistic acquisition and technological advances, they will be better prepared to design engaging, individualized lessons that prepare their students to use the language effectively in real-world contexts. The robot-assisted language learning (RALL) approach used in this study, with the integration of robots in the classroom, has the potential to change the way people learn languages to make it more interesting, fun, and motivating, increase engagement

关键词： Students

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Unbiased Parameter Estimation for Bayesian Inverse Problems

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Chada, Neil K. Jasra, Ajay Maama, Mohamed Tempone, Raul Department of Mathematics City University of Hong Kong China School of Data Science The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen CN Shenzhen China Applied Mathematics and Computational Science Program Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal23955-6900 Saudi Arabia

In this paper we consider the estimation of unknown parameters in Bayesian inverse problems. In most cases of practical interest, there are several barriers to performing such estimation, This includes a numerical approximation of a solution of a differential equation and, even if exact solutions are available, an analytical intractability of the marginal likelihood and its associated gradient, which is used for parameter estimation. The focus of this article is to deliver unbiased estimates of the unknown parameters, that is, stochastic estimators that, in expectation, are equal to the maximizer of the marginal likelihood, and possess no numerical approximation error. Based upon the ideas of [4] we develop a new approach for unbiased parameter estimation for Bayesian inverse problems. We prove unbiasedness and establish numerically that the associated estimation procedure is faster than the current state-of-the-art methodology for this problem. We demonstrate the performance of our methodology on a range of problems which include a PDE and ODE. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Markov processes

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Explanations of Deep Language Models Explain Language Representations in the Brain

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Rahimi, Maryam Yaghoobzadeh, Yadollah Daliri, Mohammad Reza Biomedical Engineering Department School of Electrical Engineering Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran Iran Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of Tehran Tehran Iran School of Cognitive Sciences Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences Tehran Iran Tehran Institute for Advanced Studies Khatam University Tehran Iran

Recent advances in artificial intelligence have given rise to large language models (LLMs) that not only achieve human-like performance but also share computational principles with the brain’s language processing mechanisms. While previous research has primarily focused on aligning LLMs’ internal representations with neural activity, we introduce a novel approach that leverages explainable AI (XAI) methods to forge deeper connections between the two domains. Using attribution methods, we quantified how preceding words contribute to an LLM’s next-word predictions and employed these explanations to predict fMRI recordings from participants listening to the same narratives. Our findings demonstrate that attribution methods robustly predict brain activity across the language network, surpassing traditional internal representations in early language areas. This alignment is hierarchical: early-layer explanations correspond to the initial stages of language processing in the brain, while later layers align with more advanced stages. Moreover, the layers more influential on LLM next-word prediction—those with higher attribution scores—exhibited stronger alignment with neural activity. This work establishes a bidirectional bridge between AI and neuroscience. First, we demonstrate that attribution methods offer a powerful lens for investigating the neural mechanisms of language comprehension, revealing how meaning emerges from preceding context. Second, we propose using brain alignment as a metric to evaluate the validity of attribution methods, providing a framework for assessing their biological plausibility. © 2025, CC BY-SA.

关键词： Computational neuroscience

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Elevating Robust Multi-Talker ASR by Decoupling Speaker Separation and Speech Recognition

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Yang, Yufeng Taherian, Hassan Kalkhorani, Vahid Ahmadi Wang, DeLiang Department of Computer Science and Engineering The Ohio State University 2015 Neil Avenue ColumbusOH43210 United States Center for Cognitive and Brain Sciences The Ohio State University 1835 Neil Ave ColumbusOH43210 United States

Despite the tremendous success of automatic speech recognition (ASR) with the introduction of deep learning, its performance is still unsatisfactory in many real-world multi-talker scenarios. Speaker separation excels in separating individual talkers but, as a frontend, it introduces processing artifacts that degrade the ASR backend trained on clean speech. As a result, mainstream robust ASR systems train the backend on noisy speech to avoid processing artifacts. In this work, we propose to decouple the training of the speaker separation frontend and the ASR backend, with the latter trained on clean speech only. Our decoupled system achieves 5.1% word error rates (WER) on the Libri2Mix dev/test sets, significantly outperforming other multi-talker ASR baselines. Its effectiveness is also demonstrated with the state-of-the-art 7.60%/5.74% WERs on 1-ch and 6-ch SMS-WSJ. Furthermore, on recorded LibriCSS, we achieve the speaker-attributed WER of 2.92%. These state-of-the-art results suggest that decoupling speaker separation and recognition is an effective approach to elevate robust multi-talker ASR. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Speech recognition

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The growing memristor industry

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Nature 2025年第8059期640卷 613-622页

作者： Lanza, Mario Pazos, Sebastian Aguirre, Fernando Sebastian, Abu Le Gallo, Manuel Alam, Syed M. Ikegawa, Sumio Yang, J. Joshua Vianello, Elisa Chang, Meng-Fan Molas, Gabriel Naveh, Ishai Ielmini, Daniele Liu, Ming Roldan, Juan B. Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore Centre for Advanced 2D Materials (CA2DM) National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore Materials Science and Engineering Program Physical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal Saudi Arabia Intrinsic Semiconductor Technologies London United Kingdom IBM Research – Zurich Rüschlikon Switzerland Everspin Technologies Chandler AZ United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Southern California Los Angeles CA United States CEA-Leti Université Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France Department of Electrical Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Weebit Nano Hod Hasharon Israel Dipartimento di Elettronica Informazione e Bioingegneria (DEIB) Politecnico di Milano and *** Milano Italy Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Integrated Technology Institute of Microelectronics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Departamento de Electrónica y Tecnología de Computadores Universidad de Granada Facultad de Ciencias Granada Spain

The semiconductor industry is experiencing an accelerated transformation to overcome the scaling limits of the transistor and to adapt to new requirements in terms of data storage and computation, especially driven by artificial intelligence applications and the Internet of Things. In this process, new materials, devices, integration strategies and system architectures are being developed and optimized. Among them, memristive devices and circuits—memristors are two-terminal memory devices that can also mimic some basic bioelectronic functions—offer a potential approach to create more compact, energy-efficient or better-performing systems. The memristor industry is growing quickly, raising abundant capital investment, creating new jobs and placing advanced products in the market. Here we analyse the status and prospects of the memristor industry, focusing on memristor-based products that are already commercially available, prototypes with a high technological readiness level that might affect the market in the near future, and discuss obstacles and pathways to their implementation. © Springer Nature Limited 2025.

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KNU-DTI: KNowledge United Drug-Target Interaction prediction

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computers in Biology and Medicine 2025年 189卷 109927-109927页

作者： Heo, Ryong Lee, Dahyeon Kim, Byung Ju Seo, Sangmin Park, Sanghyun Park, Chihyun Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Medical Bigdata Convergence Kangwon National University Gangwon-do Chuncheon-si24341 Korea Republic of Department of Data Science Kangwon National University Korea Republic of UBLBio Corporation Yeongtong-ro 237 Gyeonggi-do Suwon16679 Korea Republic of Department of Computer Science Yonsei University Yonsei-ro 50 Seodaemun-gu Seoul03722 Korea Republic of Department of Computer Science and Engineering Kangwon National University Korea Republic of

Motivation: Accurately predicting drug-target protein interactions (DTI) is a cornerstone of drug discovery, enabling the identification of potential therapeutic compounds. Sequence-based prediction models, despite their simplicity, hold great promise in extracting essential information directly from raw sequences. However, the focus in recent DTI studies has increasingly shifted toward enhancing algorithmic complexity, often at the expense of fully leveraging robust sequence representation learning methods. This shift has led to the underestimation and gradual neglect of methodologies aimed at effectively capturing discriminative features from sequences. Our work seeks to address this oversight by emphasizing the value of well-constructed sequence representation algorithms, demonstrating that even with simple interaction mapping algorithm techniques, accurate DTI models can be achieved. By prioritizing meaningful information extraction over excessive model complexity, we aim to advance the development of practical and generalizable DTI prediction frameworks. Results: We developed the KNowledge Uniting DTI model (KNU-DTI), which retrieves structural information and unites them. Protein structural properties were obtained using structural property sequence (SPS). Extended-connectivity fingerprint (ECFP) was used to estimate the structure-activity relationship in molecules. Including these two features, a total of five latent vectors were derived from protein and molecule via various neural networks and integrated by elemental-wise addition to predict binding interactions or affinity. Using four test concepts to evaluate the model, we show that the model outperforms recently published competitors. Finally, a case study indicated that our model has a competitive edge over existing docking simulations in some cases. © 2025

关键词： Prediction models

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