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arXiv 2022年

作者： Wu, Bohong Zhao, Hai Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Key Laboratory of Shanghai Education Commission for Intelligent Interaction and Cognitive Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University China

Though offering amazing contextualized token-level representations, current pre-trained language models actually take less attention on acquiring sentence-level representation during its self-supervised pre-training. If self-supervised learning can be distinguished into two subcategories, generative and contrastive, then most existing studies show that sentence representation learning may more benefit from the contrastive methods but not the generative methods. However, contrastive learning cannot be well compatible with the common token-level generative self-supervised learning, and does not guarantee good performance on downstream semantic retrieval tasks. Thus, to alleviate such obvious inconveniences, we instead propose a novel generative self-supervised learning objective based on phrase reconstruction. Empirical studies show that our generative learning may yield powerful enough sentence representation and achieve performance in Sentence Textual Similarity (STS) tasks on par with contrastive learning. Further, in terms of unsupervised setting, our generative method outperforms previous state-of-the-art SimCSE on the benchmark of downstream semantic retrieval tasks. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Semantics

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Assessing Driver Gaze Location in a Dynamic Vehicle Environment

Assessing Driver Gaze Location in a Dynamic Vehicle Environm...

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IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference

作者： Aidan Lochbihler Bruce Wallace Kathleen Van Benthem Chris Herdman Will Sloan Kirsten Brightman Frank Knoefel Shawn Marshall Systems and Computer Engineering Carleton University Ottawa Canada Systems and Computer Engineering Carleton University Bruyère Research Institute SAM 3 Innovation Hub Ottawa Canada Department of Cognitive Science Carleton University Ottawa Canada Bruyère Research Institute Elizabeth Bruyère Hospital Systems and Computer Engineering Carleton University Ottawa Hospital Carleton University

Measuring the human gaze is an important area of research due to this measurement's ability to give insight into what or where a person is focused and/or paying attention to. However, gaze has been very challenging to measure effectively and then convert into a metric. The problem of measuring human gaze is challenging in the context of dynamic environments with motion of the subject or the environment itself. One domain of research that has sought these gaze-related attention metrics has been the area of automotive driver assessment. Being able to understand if a driver is looking at relevant areas as well as scanning the road for hazards is a valuable metric to evaluate if an individual is fit to drive. Eye-tracking glasses measure where a person is looking relative to their head position but do not map this information against important regions within the visual field. This paper provides a computationally scalable method to identify relevant regions within a dynamic visual field and allow for the measurement of what a driver is focused on, reducing the need for extensive manual segmentation. The paper provides a method of identifying the windshield and other key regions within a motor vehicle typical for a driver's field of view. The identification of key regions was accomplished through the application of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with a Dice score of 0.9404 The model is then shown to allow for the assessment of visual focus for drivers.

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Recent Advances in Selective Image Encryption and its Indispensability due to COVID-19

Recent Advances in Selective Image Encryption and its Indisp...

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2020 IEEE Recent Advances in Intelligent Computational Systems, RAICS 2020

作者： Paul, Aditya Jyoti Cognitive Applications Research Lab India Department of Computer Science and Engineering SRM Institute of Science and Technology KattankulathurTamil Nadu603203 India

ISBN: (纸本)9781728190525

The COVID-19 pandemic serves as a grim reminder of the unexpected nature of these outbreaks and gives rise to a unique set of research challenges in a variety of fields. As people all over the world adjust to this new 'normal', with most workplaces, from companies to educational institutions shifting online, enormous surges in the transmission of images and videos have been observed, creating record-breaking stresses on the internet backbone. At the same time, maintaining the privacy and security of the users' data is of immense importance, this is where fast and efficient image encryption algorithms play a vital role. This paper discusses the calamitous effects of the pandemic on the world population and how their changes in multimedia consumption have led to an urgent need for the development and deployment of secure and fast image encryption, especially selective image encryption techniques. It carefully surveys the most recent advances in this field, discusses their real-world effects and finally explores some future research avenues, to provide swift relief and recover from the disastrous effects of the pandemic. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： COVID-19

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Deep and Dynamic Metabolic and Structural Imaging in Living Tissues

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Liu, Kunzan Cao, Honghao Shashaty, Kasey Yu, Li-Yu Spitz, Sarah Pramotton, Francesca Michela Wan, Zhengpeng Kan, Ellen L. Tevonian, Erin N. Levy, Manuel Lendaro, Eva Kamm, Roger D. Griffith, Linda G. Wang, Fan Qiu, Tong You, Sixian Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology United States Department of Biological Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology United States Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology United States

Label-free imaging through two-photon autofluorescence (2PAF) of NAD(P)H allows for non-destructive and high-resolution visualization of cellular activities in living systems. However, its application to thick tissues and organoids has been restricted by its limited penetration depth within 300 µm, largely due to tissue scattering at the typical excitation wavelength (∼750 nm) required for NAD(P)H. Here, we demonstrate that the imaging depth for NAD(P)H can be extended to over 700 µm in living engineered human multicellular microtissues by adopting multimode fiber (MMF)-based low-repetition-rate high-peak-power three-photon (3P) excitation of NAD(P)H at 1100 nm. This is achieved by having over 0.5 MW peak power at the band of 1100±25 nm through adaptively modulating multimodal nonlinear pulse propagation with a compact fiber shaper. Moreover, the 8-fold increase in pulse energy at 1100 nm enables faster imaging of monocyte behaviors in the living multicellular models. These results represent a significant advance for deep and dynamic metabolic and structural imaging of intact living biosystems. The modular design (MMF with a slip-on fiber shaper) is anticipated to allow wide adoption of this methodology for demanding in vivo and in vitro imaging applications, including cancer research, autoimmune diseases, and tissue engineering. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Multimode fibers

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Epilayer on NEAT Grown GaN Schottky Diodes for Radiation Detection

Epilayer on NEAT Grown GaN Schottky Diodes for Radiation Det...

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2023 Transactions of the American Nuclear Society Annual Meeting and Technology Expo, ANS 2023

作者： Remy, Jarod Zhang, Yuxuan Talesara, Vishank Zhao, Hongping Lu, Wu Hashimoto, Tadao Cao, Lei R. Nuclear Engineering Program Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering 281 W. Lane Ave. ColumbusOH43210 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering 281 W. Lane Ave ColumbusOH43210 United States Department of Material Science and Engineering The Ohio State University 281 W. Lane Ave ColumbusOH43210 United States SixPoint Materials Inc 37 Industrial Way STE 106 BuelltonCA United States

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Convolutions and self-attention: Re-interpreting relative positions in pre-trained language models

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Chang, Tyler A. Xu, Yifan Xu, Weijian Tu, Zhuowen Department of Cognitive Science Department of Computer Science and Engineering Halicioǧlu Data Science Institute University of California San Diego United States

In this paper, we detail the relationship between convolutions and self-attention in natural language tasks. We show that relative position embeddings in self-attention layers are equivalent to recently-proposed dynamic lightweight convolutions, and we consider multiple new ways of integrating convolutions into Transformer self-attention. Specifically, we propose composite attention, which unites previous relative position embedding methods under a convolutional framework. We conduct experiments by training BERT with composite attention, finding that convolutions consistently improve performance on multiple downstream tasks, replacing absolute position embeddings. To inform future work, we present results comparing lightweight convolutions, dynamic convolutions, and depthwiseseparable convolutions in language model pretraining, considering multiple injection points for convolutions in self-attention layers. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Convolution

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The Smart Analysis of Performing Scalable Inference for Big Data Analytics

The Smart Analysis of Performing Scalable Inference for Big ...

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2023 International Conference on Power Energy, Environment and Intelligent Control, PEEIC 2023

作者： Bhandarkar, Vishakha D. Rongali, Aruna Sri Shamout, Mohamed Dawood Pund, Sachin Nama, Gigih Forda Patil, Shrishailappa Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering Applied Mathematics and Humanities India University of the Cumberlands Graduate Doctoral Information Technology Information Technology Emphasis/Information Technology United States College of Business Administration University of Sharjah Department of Management Sharjah United Arab Emirates Shri Ramdeobaba College of Engineering and Management Department of Industrial Engineering Maharashtra Nagpur India Doctoral Program of Environtmental Science University of Lampung Department of Informatics Bandar Lampung Indonesia Vishwakarma Institute of Technology Computer Engineering Pune India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350357769

This paper examines the reproducibility of massive information analytics under particular factors. The paper proposes the 'performing Scalable Inference' technique to cope with scalability troubles and to exploit current big statistics platforms for efficient computing and statistics garage of the statistics. In particular, the paper describes how to perform leak-free, parallelizable visible analytics over massive datasets using present extensive records analytics frameworks such as Apache Flink. This method presents an automated manner to execute analytics that preserves reproducibility and the ability to make adjustments without re-running the entire technique. The paper also demonstrates how these analytics may help several real-world use instances, explore affected person cohorts for studies, and develop stratified patient cohorts for hospital therapy. In the end, the paper observes how the proposed method may be exercised within the real world. Actively scalable inference for massive information analytics is pivotal in optimizing decision-making and allocation of assets. Typically, such inferences are made based on information accumulated from numerous sources, databases, unstructured data, and different digital sources. So one can ensure scalability, a complete cloud-primarily based platform has to be hired. This solution will permit the ***, deploying the essential records series and evaluation algorithms are prime here. It could permit the platform to recognize the styles inside the statistics and discover any ability correlations or traits. Additionally, predictive analytics and system mastering strategies may be incorporated to provide insights into the results of the information. In the long run, by leveraging those techniques, the platform can draw efficient inferences and appropriately compare situations in an agile and green way.. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： adjustments an a lytics automated preserves statistics

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Development and Characterization of Zinc Dry Electrodes for Wearable Electrophysiology

Development and Characterization of Zinc Dry Electrodes for ...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Cassia Rizq Alessandro D’Amico Aidan Truel Joelle Faybishenko Min Suk Lee Jeong-Hoon Kim Gert Cauwenberghs Virginia R. de Sa Department of Bioengineering University of California San Diego La Jolla USA Department of Cognitive Science University of California San Diego La Jolla USA Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute University of California San Diego La Jolla USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California San Diego La Jolla USA

ISBN: (数字)9798350371499

ISBN: (纸本)9798350371505

Zinc dry electrodes were fabricated and investigated for wearable electrophysiology recording. Results from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and electromyography functionality testing show that zinc electrodes are suitable for use in electrophysiology. Two electrode configurations were tested: a standard disc and a custom tripolar concentric ring configuration. However, no functional benefit was observed with the tripolar concentric ring electrodes as compared to the disc electrodes.

关键词： Electrodes Electromyography Recording engineering in medicine and biology Zinc Standards Testing Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

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Solid State Electrolyte to Enable Structural Supercapacitors

Solid State Electrolyte to Enable Structural Supercapacitors

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IEEE International Conference on Flexible and Printable Sensors and Systems (FLEPS)

作者： Nandu Koripally Lulu Yao Jason D. Azoulay Tse Nga Ng Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA Materials Science Engineering Program University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA Chemisty Department Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA

ISBN: (数字)9798350383263

ISBN: (纸本)9798350383270

Supercapacitors are known for longer cycle life and faster charging rate compared to batteries. However, the energy density of supercapacitors requires improvement to expand their application space. To raise the energy density of structural supercapacitors, this work demonstrates a low resistance and mechanically strong solid-state electrolyte.

关键词： Resistance Supercapacitors Electrolytes Sensor systems Sensors Batteries

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Metaverse with Mobile Twin Edge Computing: Empowering Optimal Efficiency and Accuracy

Metaverse with Mobile Twin Edge Computing: Empowering Optima...

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engineering & Computing Technologies (ICECT), International Conference on

作者： Asma Bibi Umara Noor Zahid Rashid Department of Software Engineering Faculty of Computing and Information Technology International Islamic University Islamabad Pakistan Department of Computer Science Kohsar University Murree Pakistan Technology Management Economics and Policy Program College of Engineering Seoul National University Seoul South Korea

ISBN: (数字)9798350349719

ISBN: (纸本)9798350349726

The concept of Digital Twin has been widely used by researchers to represent physical entities in computer-generated reality in the metaverse. In this research, a novel concept of “Mobile Twin” is coined. Mobile Twin serves as a replica of a mobile device in the virtual environment enabling communication. The purpose of introducing Mobile Twin in the metaverse is to bring mobility and benefits similar to tangible mobile devices while eliminating the need for individual energy sources, storage limitations, resource usage, and efficiency. The true benefits of a mobile twin can be achieved with an architecture where computing nodes are decentralized, data processing is near the network's edge with faster response times and reduced latency. For this purpose, the mobile twin-based applications of metaverse are built over edge computing-based network architecture. This idea introduced the aspect of “Revolutionary Ultra-low latency (RULL)” in the metaverse.

关键词： computers Metaverse computer architecture Network architecture Data processing Mobile handsets Digital twins

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