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The Journal of Machine Learning Research 2017年第1期18卷

作者： Atılım Günes Baydin Barak A. Pearlmutter Alexey Andreyevich Radul Jeffrey Mark Siskind Department of Engineering Science University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Department of Computer Science National University of Ireland Maynooth Maynooth Co. Kildare Ireland Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN

Derivatives, mostly in the form of gradients and Hessians, are ubiquitous in machine learning. Automatic differentiation (AD), also called algorithmic differentiation or simply "auto-diff", is a family of techniques similar to but more general than backpropagation for efficiently and accurately evaluating derivatives of numeric functions expressed as computer programs. AD is a small but established field with applications in areas including computational uid dynamics, atmospheric sciences, and engineering design optimization. Until very recently, the fields of machine learning and AD have largely been unaware of each other and, in some cases, have independently discovered each other's results. Despite its relevance, general-purpose AD has been missing from the machine learning toolbox, a situation slowly changing with its ongoing adoption under the names "dynamic computational graphs" and "differentiable programming". We survey the intersection of AD and machine learning, cover applications where AD has direct relevance, and address the main implementation techniques. By precisely defining the main differentiation techniques and their interrelationships, we aim to bring clarity to the usage of the terms "autodiff", "automatic differentiation", and "symbolic differentiation" as these are encountered more and more in machine learning settings.

关键词： backpropagation differentiable programming

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A multi-protease, multi-dissociation, bottom-up-to-top-down proteomic view of the Loxosceles intermedia venom

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Scientific Data 2017年第1期4卷 170090-170096页

作者： Trevisan-Silva, Dilza Bednaski, Aline V. Fischer, Juliana S.G. Veiga, Silvio S. Bandeira, Nuno Guthals, Adrian Marchini, Fabricio K. Leprevost, Felipe V. Barbosa, Valmir C. Senff-Ribeiro, Andrea Carvalho, Paulo C. Department of Cell Biology Federal University of Paraná Curitiba 81531-980 Brazil Computational Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Group Carlos Chagas Institute Fiocruz Curitiba 81.350-010 Brazil Center for Computational Mass Spectrometry University of California San Diego 92093-0404 United States Functional Genomics Laboratory Carlos Chagas Institute Fiocruz Curitiba 81.350-010 Brazil Mass Spectrometry Facility RPT02H Carlos Chagas Institute Fiocruz Curitiba 81.350-010 Brazil Systems Engineering and Computer Science Program COPPE Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro 21941-914 Brazil Laboratory of Toxinology Fiocruz Rio de Janeiro 21040-900 Brazil

Venoms are a rich source for the discovery of molecules with biotechnological applications, but their analysis is challenging even for state-of-the-art proteomics. Here we report on a large-scale proteomic assessment of the venom of Loxosceles intermedia, the so-called brown spider. Venom was extracted from 200 spiders and fractioned into two aliquots relative to a 10 kDa cutoff mass. Each of these was further fractioned and digested with trypsin (4 h), trypsin (18 h), pepsin (18 h), and chymotrypsin (18 h), then analyzed by MudPIT on an LTQ-Orbitrap XL ETD mass spectrometer fragmenting precursors by CID, HCD, and ETD. Aliquots of undigested samples were also analyzed. Our experimental design allowed us to apply spectral networks, thus enabling us to obtain meta-contig assemblies, and consequently de novo sequencing of practically complete proteins, culminating in a deep proteome assessment of the venom. Data are available via ProteomeXchange, with identifier PXD005523.

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An Improvement Data Hiding Scheme Based on Formula Fully Exploiting Modification Directions and Pixel Value Differencing Method

An Improvement Data Hiding Scheme Based on Formula Fully Exp...

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Asia Joint Conference on Information Security (Asia JCIS)

作者： Wen-Chung Kuo Jyun-Jia Li Chun-Cheng Wang Lih-Chyau Wuu Yu-Chih Huang Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Yunlin University of Science & Technology Taiwan R.O.C. Graduate School of Engineering Science and Technology Doctoral Program National Yunlin University of Science & Technology Taiwan R.O.C.

ISBN: (纸本)9781509022861

Recently, a modified data hiding scheme based on pixel value differencing and improving exploiting modification directions is proposed by Shen and Huang. There are two major contributions in this scheme. One is to enhance the embedding rate and good embedding capacity and the other is an optimization problem used to solve the overflow/ underflow problem. In fact, they propose the similar brute force method to solve overflow/underflow problem in their proposed scheme. To overcome the overflow/underflow problem exactly, we will propose the close form to solve this problem in this paper. Then, an improvement data hiding scheme based on FFEMD (Formula Fully Exploiting Modification Directions) and pixel value differencing method is proposed. According to our analysis, it is not only to keep the advantages of Shen-Huang scheme but also to use the close form to solve the overflow/ underflow problem.

关键词： Integrated circuits Cryptography Partitioning algorithms Streaming media Electronic mail Distortion

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Generation and reconstruction of time-bin entangled ququarts

Generation and reconstruction of time-bin entangled ququarts

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Frontiers in Optics, FiO 2016

作者： Nowierski, Samantha J. Oza, Neal N. Kumar, Prem Kanter, Gregory S. Northwestern University Applied Physics Program 2220 Campus Drive EvanstonIL60208 United States Northwestern University Center for Photonic Communication and Computing Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 2145 Sheridan Road EvanstonIL60208 United States

We generate and reconstruct a maximally-entangled time-bin ququart using quantum state tomography and polarization-projective measurements. We measure a fidelity of 93.7±0.4% to a maximally-entangled ququart with... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781943580194

关键词： Fiber optic communications Four wave mixing Frequency combs Photons Single photon detectors Tomography

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Search results side note: Creating information search context in creative design process 11

Search results side note: Creating information search contex...

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11th International Conference on Knowledge, Information and Creativity Support Systems, KICSS 2016

作者： Jambak, Muhammad Ikhwan Yusof, Shafiz Affendi Bin Mohd Binus Graduate Program Computer Science Bina Nusantara University Jl. Kebon Jeruk Raya No. 27 Jakarta Barat11530 Indonesia Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences University of Wollongong in Dubai Knowledge Village Dubai United Arab Emirates

ISBN: (纸本)9781509051304

Information involves in design process, and in fact designing is an activity of converting data, information and knowledge into a map and guidance of creating an artifact. Unfortunately, the existing instruments that supporting designers' information search do not fit to them in term of their naturally way of doing so. This research is aimed at developing an information search application purposely for designers especially in the creative design process. And this paper will focus on the development and implementation a so called Search Result Side Note application. © 2016 IEEE.

关键词： Information retrieval

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Diversity of knot solitons in liquid crystals manifested by linking of preimages in torons and hopfions

arXiv

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Ackerman, P.J. Smalyukh, I.I. Department of Physics University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States Department of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States University of Colorado Liquid Crystal Materials Research Center and Materials Science and Engineering Program BoulderCO80309 United States Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute National Renewable Energy Laboratory University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States

Topological solitons are knots in continuous physical fields classified by non-zero Hopf index values. Despite arising in theories that span many branches of physics, from elementary particles to condensed matter and cosmology, they remain experimentally elusive and poorly understood. We introduce a method of experimental and numerical analysis of such localized structures in liquid crystals that, similar to the mathematical Hopf maps, relates all points of the medium’s order parameter space to their closed-loop preimages within the three-dimensional solitons. We uncover a surprisingly large diversity of naturally occurring and laser-generated topologically nontrivial solitons with differently knotted nematic fields, which previously have not been realized in theories and experiments alike. We discuss the implications of the liquid crystal’s non-polar nature on the knot soliton topology and how the medium’s chirality, confinement and elastic anisotropy help to overcome the constrains of the Hobart-Derrick theorem, yielding static three-dimensional solitons without or with additional defects. Our findings will establish chiral nematics as a model system for experimental exploration of topological solitons and may impinge on understanding of such nonsingular field configurations in other branches of physics, as well as may lead to technological applications Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Solitons

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Author Correction: Low-dimensional organization of angular momentum during walking on a narrow beam

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Scientific reports 2018年第1期8卷 6362页

作者： Enrico Chiovetto Meghan E Huber Dagmar Sternad Martin A Giese Section for Computational Sensomotorics Department of Cognitive Neurology Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research Centre for Integrative Neuroscience University Clinic Tübingen Tübingen Germany. enrico.chiovetto@klinikum.uni-tuebingen.de. Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts USA. Departments of Biology Electrical and Computer Engineering Physics and Physical Therapy Movement Science and Rehabilitation Northeastern University Boston Massachusetts USA. Section for Computational Sensomotorics Department of Cognitive Neurology Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research Centre for Integrative Neuroscience University Clinic Tübingen Tübingen Germany.

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.

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A Novel Approach to Geocaching Event Prognosis Using Spatiotemporal Data

A Novel Approach to Geocaching Event Prognosis Using Spatiot...

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International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops (AINAW)

作者： Tomasz Hachaj Pawel S. Hachaj Marek R. Ogiela Pedagogical University of Krakow Institute of Computer Science and Computer Methods Krakow Poland Cracow University of Technology Institute of Water Engineering and Water Resources Krakow Poland AGH University of Science and Technology Cryptography and Cognitive Informatics Research Group Krakow Poland

In this paper we present the case study on application of data mining techniques like clustering, regression and scoring with heuristic measures for the largest social event prognosis based on spatiotemporal data. The aim of this analysis is to propose the methodology that bases on archival records and is capable to predict the place where the largest social event will take place and who will be a host (organizer) of it. For this goal we utilize the part of geocaching community data. The dataset we used is consisted of 755 events that happened from 2010-01-30 to 2015-09-05 in Poland organized by 282 distinct users. Basing on archival data of past four years we were capable to indicate not only the region in which the biggest event took place but also its host and its place within range of 700 meters. Our new algorithm and its application to geocaching events data is main novelty of this paper.

关键词： Global Positioning System Prognostics and health management Data mining Spatiotemporal phenomena Google Conferences computer science

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Cochlear tuning… of mice and men

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2018年第1期1965卷

作者： Shirin Farrahi Roozbeh Ghaffari Jonathan B. Sellon Hideko H. Nakajima Dennis M. Freeman 1Research Laboratory of Electronics MIT Cambridge Massachusetts USA 2Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science MIT Cambridge Massachusetts USA 3Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology Cambridge Massachusetts USA 4Department of Otolaryngology Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Eye and Ear Boston Massachusetts USA

It has been suggested that humans discriminate different frequency sounds with greater selectivity than other mammals. However, mechanisms that could underlie higher frequency selectivity in humans are unclear. Recent studies show that the tectorial membrane (TM) supports longitudinally propagating waves, and the spread of excitation of these TM waves has been implicated in controlling the tuning properties in a mutant mouse model of hearing. Here we compare TM morphology and waves in humans and mice and show that despite some differences in morphology, the spread of excitation of TM waves is similar in spatial extent. However, the cochlear maps of humans and mice differ significantly, with similar cochlear distances mapping to a narrower range of best frequencies in humans than in mice. By coupling different frequency ranges, TM waves could contribute to differences in frequency tuning in mammals, with the smaller human range of frequencies corresponding to sharper frequency tuning.

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Manipulating Multiple order parameters via oxygen vacancies: The case of Eu0.5Ba0.5TiO3-δ

arXiv

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Li, Weiwei He, Qian Wang, Le Zeng, Huizhong Bowlan, John Ling, Langsheng Yarotski, Dmitry A. Zhang, Wenrui Zhao, Run Dai, Jiahong Gu, Junxing Shen, Shipeng Guo, Haizhong Pi, Li Wang, Haiyan Wang, Yongqiang Velasco-Davalos, Ivan A. Wu, Yangjiang Hu, Zhijun Chen, Bin Li, Run-Wei Sun, Young Jin, Kuijuan Zhang, Yuheng Chen, Hou-Tong Ju, Sheng Ruediger, Andreas Shi, Daning Borisevich, Albina Y. Yang, Hao College of Science Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing211106 China Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy University of Cambridge CambridgeCB3 0FS United Kingdom Materials Science and Technology Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831 United States Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Science Beijing100190 China State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices University of Electronic Science and Technology Chengdu610054 China Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies MS K771 Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNM87545 United States High Magnetic Field Laboratory Chinese Academy of Science Hefei230031 China Materials Science and Engineering Program Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M University College StationTX77843-3128 United States College of Physics Optoelectronics and Energy Soochow University Suzhou215006 China Materials Science and Technology Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNM87545 United States 1650 Boul. Lionel Boulet VarennesQCJ3X 1S2 Canada Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research Soochow University Suzhou215006 China Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Science Ningbo315201 China

Controlling functionalities, such as magnetism or ferroelectricity, by means of oxygen vacancies (VO) is a key issue for the future development of transition metal oxides. Progress in this field is currently addressed through VO variations and their impact on mainly one order parameter. Here we reveal a new mechanism for tuning both magnetism and ferroelectricity simultaneously by using VO. Combined experimental and density-functional theory studies of Eu0.5Ba0.5TiO3-δ, we demonstrate that oxygen vacancies create Ti3+ 3d1 defect states, mediating the ferromagnetic coupling between the localized Eu 4f7 spins, and increase an off-center displacement of Ti ions, enhancing the ferroelectric Curie temperature. The dual function of Ti sites also promises a magnetoelectric coupling in the Eu0.5Ba0.5TiO3-δ. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Oxygen vacancies

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