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Clarifying Assumptions about Artificial Intelligence before Revolutionising Patent Law

GRUR International 2022年第4期71卷 295-321页

作者： Kim, Daria Alber, Maximilian Kwok, Man Wai Mitrovic, Jelena Ramirez-Atencia, Cristian Perez, Jesus Alberto Rodriguez Zille, Heiner Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition Munich Germany Charite Institute of Pathology Berlin Germany Chinese University of Hong Kong Department of Physics (Formerly) Hong Kong BMBF Program for Women in AI Faculty of Computer Science and Mathematics Chair of Data Science University of Passau Germany Department of Computer Systems Universidad Politecnica de Madrid Spain School of Computing Science College of Science and Engineering University of Glasgow United Kingdom Faculty of Computer Science Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg Germany

This paper examines several widespread assumptions about artificial intelligence, particularly machine learning, that are often taken as factual premises in discussions on the future of patent law in the wake of 'artificial ingenuity'. The objective is to draw a more realistic and nuanced picture of the human-computer interaction in solving technical problems than where 'intelligent' systems autonomously yield inventions. A detailed technical perspective is presented for each assumption, followed by a discussion of pertinent uncertainties for patent law. Overall, it is argued that implications of machine learning for the patent system in its core tenets appear far less revolutionary than is often posited. © 2022 Published by OUP and CH Beck on behalf of GRUR e.V.

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Optically Controlled Charge Trapping Memory Based on Spin Coated Hafnium Diselenide Flakes

Optically Controlled Charge Trapping Memory Based on Spin Co...

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IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology

作者： Bashayr Alqahtani Nazek El Atab King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Program of Electrical and Computer Engineering Computer Electrical Mathematical Sciences and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia

This paper demonstrates the seamless fabrication of optoelectronic memory by integrating HfSe 2 as a charge-trapping layer in a MOS memory structure. Through a spin coating technique, solution-processable HfSe 2 flakes with average thicknesses of 2 nm were deposited between the tunneling and blocking oxide layers. The charge-trapping material distribution and thickness were explored by Atomic Force Microscopy and X-ray Diffraction Spectroscopy. The electrical characterization of MOS memory revealed a memory window of 5.5 Volts under ±16 Volts biasing. Furthermore, the memory endurance exceeds 10 4 electrical programming and erasing cycles. The retention test performed at room temperature showed that the memory device is expected to lose only 10% of the stored charges after 10 years. Under light stimuli (405nm wavelength and output power ~ 20 mW) with electrical readout voltage, the MOS memory showed an increase in the memory window from 5.5 Volts to 6.5 Volts.

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PBF-AMP-Onto: an ontology for powder bed fusion additive manufacturing processes 1

PBF-AMP-Onto: an ontology for powder bed fusion additive man...

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1st International Workshop on Semantic Materials science: Harnessing the Power of Semantic Web Technologies in Materials science, SeMatS 2024

作者： Pour, Mina Abd Nikooie Tarafder, Prithwish Wiberg, Anton Li, Huanyu Moverare, Johan Lambrix, Patrick Department of Computer and Information Science Linköping University Linköping Sweden Swedish e-Science Research Centre Linköping University Linköping Sweden Department of Management and Engineering Linköping University Linköping Sweden Wallenberg Initiative Materials Science for Sustainability Linköping University Linköping Sweden Wallenberg AI Autonomous Systems and Software Program Linköping University Linköping Sweden

Additive manufacturing is an innovative production approach aimed at creating products that traditional techniques cannot produce with the desired quality and requirements. Throughout the additive manufacturing process, data is either used (such as materials properties, printer characteristics and settings) or generated (such as monitoring data during printing, slicing strategies setting parameters). However, managing such data with complex relationships remains a significant challenge in both research and industry in the additive manufacturing field. To address this issue, we developed a modular ontology that can be used as the basis for a framework that supports decision-making systems, facilitate semanticsaware data management, and enhance the understanding and optimization of additive manufacturing processes. In this paper we focus on one of the state-of-the-art additive manufacturing approaches, i.e., powder bed fusion. To show the use and the feasibility of our approach, we created a knowledge graph for an actual additive manufacturing experiment based on our ontology, and show how queries relevant to domain experts can be answered using this knowledge graph. © 2024 CEUR-WS. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ontology

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Machine Learning Advances aiding Recognition and Classification of Indian Monuments and Landmarks 8

Machine Learning Advances aiding Recognition and Classificat...

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8th IEEE Uttar Pradesh Section International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and computer engineering, UPCON 2021

作者： Paul, Aditya Jyoti Ghose, Smaranjit Aggarwal, Kanishka Nethaji, Niketha Pal, Shivam Dutta Purkayastha, Arnab Department of Computer Science and Engineering Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Engineering New Delhi India Cognitive Applications Research Lab India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Srm Institute of Science and Technology Chennai India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Srm Institute of Science and Technology Chennai India

ISBN: (纸本)9781665409629

Tourism in India plays a quintessential role in the country's economy with an estimated 9.2% GDP share for the year 2018. With a yearly growth rate of 6.2%, the industry holds a huge potential for being the primary driver of the economy as observed in the nations of the Middle East like the United Arab Emirates. The historical and cultural diversity exhibited throughout the geography of the nation is a unique spectacle for people around the world and therefore serves to attract tourists in tens of millions in number every year. Traditionally, tour guides or academic professionals who study these heritage monuments were responsible for providing information to the visitors regarding their architectural and historical significance. However, unfortunately this system has several caveats when considered on a large scale such as unavailability of sufficient trained people, lack of accurate information, failure to convey the richness of details in an attractive format etc. Recently, machine learning approaches revolving around the usage of monument pictures have been shown to be useful for rudimentary analysis of heritage sights. This paper serves as a survey of the research endeavors undertaken in this direction which would eventually provide insights for building an automated decision system that could be utilized to make the experience of tourism in India more modernized for visitors. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： computer vision

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Utilization of Linguistic Data for Learner Assessment on e-Learning: Instrument and Processing 7

Utilization of Linguistic Data for Learner Assessment on e-L...

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7th International Conference on Informatics and Computing, ICIC 2022

作者： Yuniarti, Wenty Dwi Hartati, Sri Priyanta, Sigit Surjono, Herman Dwi Doctoral Program of Computer Science Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta Indonesia Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang Indonesia Universitas Gadjah Mada Department of Computer Science and Electronics Yogyakarta Indonesia Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta Faculty of Engineering Department of Informatics Engineering Education Yogyakarta Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350345711

The increasingly massive use of e-Learning illustrates the speed and need for innovation in learning. According to the National Higher Education Standards (SN-Dikti), constructive alignment is required between learning outcomes, processes, and assessments to properly implement learning in e-Learning. Assessment is an essential component of e-Learning. Unfortunately, the problem of assessment in e-Learning is still found. One of them is the limitations of e-Learning in accommodating and processing various assessment data, primarily linguistic. Even though the variety of assessment data, both numerical, linguistic, and a combination of the two, supports a comprehensive assessment. On the other hand, the accommodation of linguistic data raises problems regarding how to process of unifying linguistic data is carried out. Research related to linguistic data using computing with words has been carried out, but it still needs more precise results from the unification of the linguistic data. Therefore, this study proposes providing an assessment instrument to accommodate linguistic data in e-Learning, as well as showing how to process of unifying linguistic data is carried out using 2-Tuple Fuzzy Linguistic. This approach can avoid the loss of assessment information by presenting more informative and precise results in a 2-tuple (s, α) where s indicates the ability level, and α shows a comparison of abilities with other learners and the potential of the learner to achieve higher abilities. This proposal has the potential to be applied in a learner assessment system for higher education e-Learning. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Linguistics

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Dogs or Not Dogs? Examining ACI Authors' Reporting on Animal Participants' Willingness to Engage in Research: A Spotlight on Mediated and Contingent Consent 23

Dogs or Not Dogs? Examining ACI Authors' Reporting on Animal...

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Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Animal-computer Interaction

作者： Eli B. McGraw Cristina Bosco Lisa Brey Christena Nippert-Eng Department of Informatics Luddy School of Informatics Computing and Engineering and the Cognitive Science Program Indiana University USA Department of Informatics Luddy School of Informatics Computing and Engineering Indiana University USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798400716560

How do Animal-computer Interaction (ACI) researchers working with live animal participants assess the animals’ willingness to participate in their research? In this paper we present the results of a systematic literature review designed to answer this question by examining the Proceedings of the ACM International Animal computer Interaction Conference. From 2016-2022, these proceedings included 38 full papers that reported results from research with live animal participants. We found 1) only 74% or 28/38 of the papers reported how they assessed animal participants’ willingness to engage during their research, 2) the authors of papers focused on species other than dogs had a much higher rate of providing this information than did the authors of dog-based studies (100% or 12/12 non-dog papers v 62% or 16/26 of dog-based papers), 3) most researchers who addressed the issue of an animal participant’s willingness to engage in the research relied on some form of mediated consent, informed by behavioral observation methods, to do so. However, the researchers focused on non-dog species were much more likely than researchers focused on dogs to include elements of contingent consent in their protocols (75% (9/12) of the non-dog studies v 12% (3/26) of the dog-related studies). We argue that providing each other with more details about our research methods and possibly more fully embracing the principles of contingent consent would further ACI researchers’ existing ethical commitment to our animal participants, increase our adherence to standard scientific research practice, and accelerate the continued development of the field of Animal-computer Interaction.

关键词： Animal-computer Interaction animal behavior animal well-being animal-centered design animal-centered ethics contingent consent dogs mediated consent multi-species interaction design reporting practices research methods scientific transparency voluntary engagement

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Domain Adaptation in Color-Shifted Datasets Through Adversarial Learning Balancing

Domain Adaptation in Color-Shifted Datasets Through Adversar...

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International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Data sciences (AiDAS)

作者： Hidayaturrahman Agung Trisetyarso Iman Herwidiana Kartowisastro Widodo Budiharto Computer Science Department BINUS Graduate Program - Doctor of Computer Science Bina Nusatara University Jakarta Indonesia Mathematics Department School of Computer Science Bina Nusatara University Jakarta Indonesia Computer Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia Computer Science Department School of Computer Science Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia

Due to the disparity in the levels of difficulty presented by the several tasks, doing domain adaptation in an adversarial way may result in an imbalanced learning process. In the MNIST dataset, this phenomenon also manifests itself in the form of domain adaptation for color-shifted distribution. In this particular situation, the domain classifier has a higher tendency to fit more quickly, but the category classifier fits quite poorly in the learning process. In order to address this problem, a new hyper-parameter has been added to the loss function in order to strike a compromise between the learning speed of the domain and the categorical classifier. By using this technique, the categorical classifier may better match the data while still maintaining the same level of performance as the domain classifier. In order to determine whether or not making use of this hyper-parameter is useful, the phenomena in question is examined using three distinct color-shifted settings. Following the evaluations, it was discovered that the newly introduced hyper-parameter is capable of coping with imbalanced learning while simultaneously engaging in domain adaptation.

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Isoform Function Prediction Based on Heterogeneous Graph Attention Networks

Isoform Function Prediction Based on Heterogeneous Graph Att...

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2023 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine, BIBM 2023

作者： Guo, Kuo Li, Yifan Chen, Hao Shen, Hong-Bin Yang, Yang Shanghai Jiao Tong University Key Lab. of Shanghai Education Commission for Intelligent Interaction and Cognitive Engineering Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai200240 China Shanghai Jiao Tong University Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Ministry of Education of China Institute of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition Shanghai200240 China Carnegie Mellon University School of Computer Science Computational Biology Department PittsburghPA15213 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350337488

Isoforms refer to different mRNA molecules transcribed from the same gene, which can be translated into proteins with varying structures and functions. Predicting the functions of isoforms is an essential topic in bioinformatics as it can provide valuable insights into the intricate mechanisms of gene regulation and biological processes. Conventionally, gene function labels are standardized in Gene Ontology (GO) terms. However, traditional methods for predicting isoform function are largely limited by the absence of isoform-specific labels, sparse annotations, and the vast number of GO terms. To address these issues, we propose HANIso, a deep learning-based method for isoform function prediction. HANIso leverages a pretrained protein language model to extract features from protein sequences. It also integrates heterogeneous information, such as isoform sequence features, GO annotations, and isoform interaction data, using a Heterogeneous Graph Attention Network (HAN). This allows the model to learn the importance of different sources of information and their semantic relationships through the attention mechanism. Our method can predict function labels at both the gene level and isoform level. We conduct experiments on two species datasets, and the results demonstrate that our method outperforms existing methods on both AUROC and AUPRC. HANIso has the potential to overcome the limitations of traditional methods and provide a more accurate and comprehensive understanding of isoform function. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： alternative splicing gene ontology heterogeneous graph attention network isoform function prediction protein language model

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What Affects the Adoption of Metaverse in Education? A SEM-based Approach 20

What Affects the Adoption of Metaverse in Education? A SEM-b...

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20th International Joint Conference on computer science and Software engineering, JCSSE 2023

作者： Rohan, Rohani Roy, Pranab Vanijja, Vajirasak Funilkul, Suree Mukherjee, Subhodeep Pal, Debajyoti School of Information Technology King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi Bangkok Thailand Jk Laxmipat University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Jaipur India Department of Operations Management Visakhapatnam India Kmutt Innovative Cognitive Computing Research Center Bangkok Thailand

ISBN: (纸本)9798350300505

Metaverse is an emerging 3D digital space that augments the real world and the virtual world. It has been envisioned to be the trendsetter for future education having tremendous potential. However, the success of any new technology depends on its mass adoption and widespread societal diffusion. Therefore, it becomes important to understand the factors that can lead to its success by ensuring widespread adoption. In this work, we investigate the different psychological gratifications of the educational usage of Metaverse under the lens of the Uses and Gratification (UGT) theory. Particularly, we propose and test a research model by using the Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) approach by considering four fundamental psychological gratifications of autonomy, achievement, affiliation, and dominance, together with two additional factors of hedonic motivation and student personality. Data is collected from two Asian universities, and results show the importance of autonomy, hedonic motivation, and personality in predicting Metaverse adoption. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Motivation

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An Optimal Framework for SDN Based on Deep Neural Network

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computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第10期73卷 1125-1140页

作者： Abdallah Abdallah Mohamad Khairi Ishak Nor Samsiah Sani Imran Khan Fahad RAlbogamy Hirofumi Amano Samih M.Mostafa Department of Industrial Engineering School of Applied Technical Sciences German Jordanian UniversityAmman35247Jordan School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Universiti Sains MalaysiaNibong Tebal14300Malaysia Center for Artificial Intelligence Technology Faculty of Information Science and TechnologyThe National University of Malaysia(UKM)Bangi43600SelangorMalaysia Department of Electrical Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyPeshawar814Pakistan Turabah University College Computer Sciences ProgramTaif UniversityTaif21944Saudi Arabia Research Institute for Information Technology Kyushu UniversityFukuoka819-0395Japan Computer Science-Mathematics Department Faculty of ScienceSouth Valley UniversityQena83523Egypt

Software-defined networking(SDN)is a new paradigm that promises to change by breaking vertical integration,decoupling network control logic from the underlying routers and switches,promoting(logical)network control centralization,and introducing network ***,the controller is similarly vulnerable to a“single point of failure”,an attacker can execute a distributed denial of service(DDoS)attack that invalidates the controller and compromises the network security in *** address the problem of DDoS traffic detection in SDN,a novel detection approach based on information entropy and deep neural network(DNN)is *** approach contains a DNN-based DDoS traffic detection module and an information-based entropy initial inspection *** initial inspection module detects the suspicious network traffic by computing the information entropy value of the data packet’s source and destination Internet Protocol(IP)addresses,and then identifies it using the DDoS detection module based on *** assaults were found when suspected irregular traffic was *** reveal that the algorithm recognizes DDoS activity at a rate of more than 99%,with a much better accuracy *** false alarm rate(FAR)is much lower than that of the information entropy-based detection ***,the proposed framework can shorten the detection time and improve the resource utilization efficiency.

关键词： Deep neural network computer networks data security optimization

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