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31st International Working Conference on Requirements engineering: Foundation for Software Quality, REFSQ 2025

作者： Pir Muhammad, Amna Inayat, Irum Knauss, Eric Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9783031885303

Context & Motivation: It is crucial to ensure ethical compliance for critical systems. The Ethical Framework by Guizzardi et al. offers structured guidance on ethical challenges. Critical Systems Heuristics (CSH) focus on stakeholder analysis, helping reveal assumptions in AV decision-making processes. Question/Problem: Despite these useful frameworks, only limited experience is documented and a lack of empirical studies hinders responsible software design. Principal Ideas/Results: Our vision is integrating Guizzardi et al.’s framework with CSH to support the requirements engineering (RE) process by (i) identifying and addressing diverse stakeholder, (ii) defining explicit boundaries or scope for the system under discussion, and (iii) promoting ethical considerations in requirements. Contributions: By applying established ethical guidelines and CSH retrospectively to realistic and complex case—an Automated Vehicle (AV) project with context specific ethical dilemmas—we show the potential and limitations of this research approach. We present a preliminary research design to investigate the applicability of established guidelines and CSH to a realistic project, thus enabling future research on ethical RE. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Requirements engineering

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Bifrodie;st: Creating Hardware with Building Blocks

Bifrodie;st: Creating Hardware with Building Blocks

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2023 Forum on Specification and Design Languages, FDL 2023

作者： Pope, Jeremy Seger, Carl-Johan H. Chalmers University of Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Goteborg Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9798350307375

Domain-specific hardware design has become increasingly attractive as single-Thread performance improvement has drastically slowed down. At the same time, it is clear that traditional hardware design approaches are difficult and error-prone. In this paper we describe a hardware design language, Bifrodie;st, aimed at allowing clear, correct, and modular specification of hardware. Bifrodie;st is tightly integrated into the Thor system, and thus a design in Bifrodie;st can be refined in a correctness-preserving way to a realistic hardware implementation. This paper gives both syntax and semantics of the language, highlights important design decisions, and illustrates its use in several projects. copy;2023 IEEE. © 2023 IEEE computer Society. All rights reserved.

关键词： computer hardware description languages

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FPGA Implementation of Multi-Layer Machine Learning Equalizer with On-Chip Training

FPGA Implementation of Multi-Layer Machine Learning Equalize...

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2023 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition, OFC 2023

作者： Liu, Keren Börjeson, Erik Häger, Christian Larsson-Edefors, Per Chalmers University of Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Gothenburg Sweden Chalmers University of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering Gothenburg Sweden

We design and implement an adaptive machine learning equalizer that alternates multiple linear and nonlinear computational layers on an FPGA. On-chip training via gradient backpropagation is shown to allow for real-ti... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171180

关键词： Equalizers

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5G Network on Wings: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach to the UAV-Based Integrated Access and Backhaul

IEEE Transactions on Machine Learning in Communications and ...

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IEEE Transactions on Machine Learning in Communications and Networking 2024年 2卷 1109-1126页

作者： Zhang, Hongyi Qi, Zhiqiang Li, Jingya Aronsson, Anders Bosch, Jan Holmström Olsson, Helena Chalmers University of Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Gothenburg412 96 Sweden Ericsson Research Ericsson Stockholm164 80 Sweden Malmö University Department of Computer Science and Media Technology Malmö205 06 Sweden

Fast and reliable wireless communication has become a critical demand in human life. In the case of mission-critical (MC) scenarios, for instance, when natural disasters strike, providing ubiquitous connectivity becomes challenging by using traditional wireless networks. In this context, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) based aerial networks offer a promising alternative for fast, flexible, and reliable wireless communications. Due to unique characteristics such as mobility, flexible deployment, and rapid reconfiguration, drones can readily change location dynamically to provide on-demand communications to users on the ground in emergency scenarios. As a result, the usage of UAV base stations (UAV-BSs) has been considered an appropriate approach for providing rapid connection in MC scenarios. In this paper, we study how to control multiple UAV-BSs in both static and dynamic environments. We use a system-level simulator to model an MC scenario in which a macro-BS of a cellular network is out of service and multiple UAV-BSs are deployed using integrated access and backhaul (IAB) technology to provide coverage for users in the disaster area. With the data collected from the system-level simulation, a deep reinforcement learning algorithm is developed to jointly optimize the three-dimensional placement of these multiple UAV-BSs, which adapt their 3-D locations to the on-ground user movement. The evaluation results show that the proposed algorithm can support the autonomous navigation of the UAV-BSs to meet the MC service requirements in terms of user throughput and drop rate. © 2023 CCBY.

关键词： Heuristic algorithms

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Advancing MLOps from Ad hoc to Kaizen 49

Advancing MLOps from Ad hoc to Kaizen

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49th Euromicro Conference on Software engineering and Advanced Applications, SEAA 2023

作者： John, Meenu Mary Gillblad, Daniel Olsson, Helena Holmstrom Bosch, Jan Malmö University Computer Science and Media Technology Malmö Sweden Chalmers University of Technology & Ai Sweden Gothenburg Sweden Chalmers University of Technology Computer Science and Engineering Gothenburg Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9798350342352

Companies across various domains increasingly adopt Machine Learning Operations (MLOps) as they recognise the significance of operationalising ML models. Despite growing interest from practitioners and ongoing research, MLOps adoption in practice is still in its initial stages. To explore the adoption of MLOps, we employ a multi-case study in seven companies. Based on empirical findings, we propose a maturity model outlining the typical stages companies undergo when adopting MLOps, ranging from Ad hoc to Kaizen. We identify five dimensions associated with each stage of the maturity model as part of our MLOps framework. We also map these seven companies to the identified stages in the maturity model. Our study serves as a roadmap for companies to assess their current state of MLOps, identify gaps and overcome obstacles to successfully adopting MLOps. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Framework Maturity model MLOps Multi-case study

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All data is equal or is some data more equal? On strategic data collection and use in the embedded systems domain 49

All data is equal or is some data more equal? On strategic d...

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49th Euromicro Conference on Software engineering and Advanced Applications, SEAA 2023

作者： Olsson, Helena Holmstrom Bosch, Jan Malmö University Computer Science and Media Technology Malmö Sweden Chalmers University of Technology Computer Science and Engineering Gothenburg Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9798350342352

Effective collection and use of data is key for companies across domains and it is only increasing in importance. For companies in the embedded systems domain, data constitutes the basis not only for quality assurance and diagnostics of their systems but also for new service development and innovation. For these companies, data is an enabler for continuous delivery of customer value and hence, a key asset for entirely new and recurring revenue streams. However, effective use of data requires careful collection of different kinds of data depending on the purpose and context for which it is intended to be used. In this paper, we identify the challenges that companies experience in their contemporary data practices and we outline the kinds of data that companies need to collect as they evolve through different maturity stages. In addition, we provide concrete guidance on the specific data to collect during each maturity stage. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Embedded systems

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Comparing Optical Flow and Deep Learning to Enable Computationally Efficient Traffic Event Detection with Space-Filling Curves 27

Comparing Optical Flow and Deep Learning to Enable Computati...

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27th IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, ITSC 2024

作者： Bouraffa, Tayssir Carlson, Elias Kjellberg Wessman, Erik Nourir, Ali Lamart, Pierre Berger, Christian Chalmers University of Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Gothenburg Sweden Volvo Cars Gothenburg Sweden University of Gothenburg Department of Computer Science and Engineering Gothenburg Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9798331505929

Gathering data and identifying events in various traffic situations remain an essential challenge for the systematic evaluation of a perception system's performance. Analyzing large-scale, typically unstructured, multi- modal, time-series data obtained from video, radar, and LiDAR is computationally demanding, particularly when meta-information or annotations are missing. We compare Optical Flow (OF) and Deep Learning (DL) to feed computationally efficient event detection via space-filling curves on video data from a forward-facing, in-vehicle camera. Our first approach leverages unexpected disturbances in the OF field from vehicle surroundings;the second approach is a DL model trained on human visual attention to predict a driver's gaze to spot potential event locations. We feed these results to a space-filling curve to reduce dimensionality and achieve computationally efficient event retrieval. We systematically evaluate our concept by obtaining characteristic patterns for both approaches from a large-scale virtual dataset (SMIRK) and applied our findings to the Zenseact Open Dataset (ZOD), a large multi-modal, real-world dataset, collected over two years in 14 different European countries. Our results yield that the OF approach excels in specificity and reduces false positives, while the DL approach demonstrates superior sensitivity. Both approaches offer comparable processing speed, making them suitable for real-time applications. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Optical flows

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Behavior Trees and State Machines in Robotics Applications

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IEEE Transactions on Software engineering 2023年第9期49卷 4243-4267页

作者： Ghzouli, Razan Berger, Thorsten Johnsen, Einar Broch Wasowski, Andrzej Dragule, Swaib Chalmers University of Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Gothenburg40530 Sweden Ruhr University Bochum Faculty of Computer Science Bochum44801 Germany Chalmers University of Gothenburg Department of Computer Science and Engineering Gothenburg40530 Sweden University of Oslo Department of Informatics Oslo0316 Norway IT University of Copenhagen Software Development Group Copenhagen2300 Denmark

Autonomous robots combine skills to form increasingly complex behaviors, called missions. While skills are often programmed at a relatively low abstraction level, their coordination is architecturally separated and often expressed in higher-level languages or frameworks. State machines have been the go-to language to model behavior for decades, but recently, behavior trees have gained attention among roboticists. Originally designed to model autonomous actors in computer games, behavior trees offer an extensible tree-based representation of missions and are claimed to support modular design and code reuse. Although several implementations of behavior trees are in use, little is known about their usage and scope in the real world. How do concepts offered by behavior trees relate to traditional languages, such as state machines? How are concepts in behavior trees and state machines used in actual applications? This paper is a study of the key language concepts in behavior trees as realized in domain-specific languages (DSLs), internal and external DSLs offered as libraries, and their use in open-source robotic applications supported by the Robot Operating System (ROS). We analyze behavior-tree DSLs and compare them to the standard language for behavior models in robotics: state machines. We identify DSLs for both behavior-modeling languages, and we analyze five in-depth. We mine open-source repositories for robotic applications that use the analyzed DSLs and analyze their usage. We identify similarities between behavior trees and state machines in terms of language design and the concepts offered to accommodate the needs of the robotics domain. We observed that the usage of behavior-tree DSLs in open-source projects is increasing rapidly. We observed similar usage patterns at model structure and at code reuse in the behavior-tree and state-machine models within the mined open-source projects. We contribute all extracted models as a dataset, hoping to inspire the commu

关键词： Modeling languages

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Post-OCR Correction of Digitized Swedish Newspapers with ByT5 8

Post-OCR Correction of Digitized Swedish Newspapers with ByT...

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8th Joint SIGHUM Workshop on Computational Linguistics for Cultural Heritage, Social sciences, Humanities and Literature, LaTeCH-CLfL 2024

作者： Löfgren, Viktoria Dannélls, Dana Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Sweden Språkbanken Text University of Gothenburg Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9798891760691

Many collections of digitized newspapers suffer from poor OCR quality, which impacts readability, information retrieval, and analysis of the material. Errors in OCR output can be reduced by applying machine translation models to ‘translate’ it into a corrected version. Although transformer models show promising results in post-OCR correction and related tasks in other languages, they have not yet been explored for correcting OCR errors in Swedish texts. This paper presents a post-OCR correction model for Swedish 19th and 20th century newspapers based on the pre-trained transformer model ByT5. Three versions of the model were trained on different mixes of training data. The best model, which achieved a 36% reduction in CER, is made freely available and will be integrated into the automatic processing pipeline of Språkbanken Text, a Swedish language technology infrastructure containing modern and historical written data. © 2024 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Newsprint

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Deep Reinforcement Learning Based Grid-Forming Inverter

Deep Reinforcement Learning Based Grid-Forming Inverter

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2023 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, IAS 2023

作者： Balouji, Ebrahim Backstrom, Karl McKelvey, Tomas Chalmers University of Technology Dept. of Electrical Engineering Gothenburg Sweden Chalmers University of Technology Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Gothenburg Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9798350320169

This research work introduces Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG), a type of Reinforcement Learning (RL), for grid modeling, estimating voltage and phase angle, and control method for grid-forming inverters. The aim is to develop a grid-forming inverter that sets the voltage level and frequency of the grid and mitigates voltage dips originating from faults and frequency deviation fluctuations. Unlike conventional methods for estimating setpoints for the controller loops, we do not need several chains of estimation tools such as Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Synchronous Reference Frame (SRF), or lowpass filters. With the DDPG, we also optimize the phase lock-loop (PLL) and accurately deliver the angle for the actuation part of the inverter to generate the given reference signal. The developed method does not need exhaustive tuning of parameters such as coefficients of PID controllers and lowpass filters. We observe that the proposed method has a faster response time than the PID-based control unit (15ms compared to 50ms) for the grid-forming inverter in the case of compensating voltage dips. We also observed that the DDPG-based grid-forming inverter is more efficient in compensating continuous voltage variations and frequency deviations than a trivial PID-based version. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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