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IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation engineering (ICITE)

作者： Kuan Li Ying Zhang Chenglie Du Tao You Lu Bai Jiaming Wu School of Software Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an China School of Computer Science Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an China Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden

The charging scheduling of electric vehicles not only affects the operation of the grid system, but also affects the charging cost of vehicle users. This paper studies the charging scheduling problem of electric vehicles from the user’s perspective by considering the grid’s as well as the user’s needs. On the basis of real-time electricity prices, an electric vehicle charging scheduling system aiming at the lowest charging cost is designed and an optimal charging scheduling method based on dynamic programming is established. In order to reduce the unnecessary computational expenses, this paper optimizes the dynamic programming algorithm, and defines the state transition limit of the dynamic programming search space according to the actual constraints, which reduces the computational complexity. The simulation results show that, on the premise of satisfying the power constraints and user charging demands, the electric vehicles charging scheduling system can effectively reduce the charging cost and time. In addition, the charging process has little impact on the power system from the perspective of grid fluctuation.

关键词： Fuzzy logic Vehicle-to-grid Costs Fluctuations Processor scheduling Simulation Dynamic scheduling

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Bayesian optimization of massive material injection for disruption mitigation in tokamaks

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Pusztai, Istvan Ekmark, Ida Bergström, Hannes Halldestam, Peter Jansson, Patrik Hoppe, Mathias Vallhagen, Oskar Fülöp, Tunde Department of Physics Chalmers University of Technology GöteborgSE-41296 Sweden Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics Garchingb. M 85748 Germany Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chalmers University of Technology GöteborgSE-41296 Sweden Swiss Plasma Center Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne LausanneCH-1015 Switzerland

A Bayesian optimization framework is used to investigate scenarios for disruptions mitigated with combined deuterium and neon injection in ITER. The optimization cost function takes into account limits on the maximum runaway current, the transported fraction of the heat loss and the current quench time. The aim is to explore the dependence of the cost function on injected densities, and provide insights into the behaviour of the disruption dynamics for representative scenarios. The simulations are conducted using the numerical framework Dream (Disruption Runaway Electron Analysis Model). We show that irrespective of the quantities of the material deposition, multi-megaampere runaway currents will be produced in the deuterium-tritium phase of operations, even in the optimal scenarios. However, the severity of the outcome can be influenced by tailoring the radial profile of the injected material;in particular if the injected neon is deposited at the edge region it leads to a significant reduction of both the final runaway current and the transported heat losses. The Bayesian approach allows us to map the parameter space efficiently, with more accuracy in favorable parameter regions, thereby providing us information about the robustness of the optima. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Neon

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Benefit of prime factor ffts in fully parallel 60 gbaud cdc filters

Benefit of prime factor ffts in fully parallel 60 gbaud cdc ...

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Signal Processing in Photonic Communications, SPPCom 2020

作者： Bae, Cheolyong Edefors, Per Larsson Gustafsson, Oscar Dept. of Electrical Engineering Linkoping University Linkoping Sweden Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden

Prime factor algorithms are beneficial in fully parallel frequency-domain implementation of CDC filters and enable a more continuous scaling of filter lengths. ASIC implementation results in 28-nm CMOS for 60 GBd are ... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781943580798

关键词： Frequency domain analysis

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Simulation-based Evaluation of a Remotely Operated Road Vehicle under Transmission Delays and Denial-of-Service Attacks

Simulation-based Evaluation of a Remotely Operated Road Vehi...

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Pacific Rim International Symposium on Dependable Computing

作者： Mateen Malik Maytheewat Aramrattana Mehdi Maleki Peter Folkesson Behrooz Sangchoolie Johan Karlsson Dependable Transport Systems RISE Research Institutes of Sweden Borås Sweden Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI) Göteborg Sweden Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Göteborg Sweden

A remotely operated road vehicle (RORV) refers to a vehicle operated wirelessly from a remote location. In this paper, we report results from an evaluation of two safety mechanisms: safe braking and disconnection. These safety mechanisms are included in the control software for RORV developed by Roboauto, an intelligent mobility solutions provider. The safety mechanisms monitor the communication system to detect packet transmission delays, lost messages, and outages caused by naturally occurring interference as well as denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. When the delay in the communication channel exceeds certain threshold values, the safety mechanisms are to initiate control actions to reduce the vehicle speed or stop the affected vehicle safely as soon as possible. To evaluate the effectiveness of the safety mechanisms, we exposed the vehicle control software to various communication failures using a software-in-the-loop (SIL) testing environment developed specifically for this study. Our results show that the safety mechanisms behaved correctly for a vast majority of the simulated communication failures. However, in a few cases, we noted that the safety mechanisms were triggered incorrectly, either too early or too late, according to the system specification.

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Joint Communications and Sensing Design for Multi-Carrier MIMO Systems

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Nguyen, Nhan Thanh Shlezinger, Nir Ngo, Khac-Hoang Nguyen, Van-Dinh Juntti, Markku Centre for Wireless Communications University of Oulu P.O.Box 4500 FI-90014 Finland School of ECE Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva Israel Department of Electrical Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden College of Engineering and Computer Science VinUniversity Hanoi Viet Nam

In conventional joint communications and sensing (JCAS) designs for multi-carrier multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, the dual-functional waveforms are often optimized for the whole frequency band, resulting in limited communications–sensing performance tradeoff. To overcome the limitation, we propose employing a subset of subcarriers for JCAS, while the communications function is performed over all the subcarriers. This offers more degrees of freedom to enhance the communications performance under a given sensing accuracy. We first formulate the rate maximization under the sensing accuracy constraint to optimize the beamformers and JCAS subcarriers. The problem is solved via Riemannian manifold optimization and closed-form solutions. Numerical results for an 8 × 4 MIMO system with 64 subcarriers show that compared to the conventional subcarrier sharing scheme, the proposed scheme employing 16 JCAS subcarriers offers 60% improvement in the achievable communications rate at the signal-to-noise ratio of 10 dB. Meanwhile, this scheme generates the sensing beampattern with the same quality as the conventional JCAS design. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing

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Supervised OCR post-correction of historical Swedish texts: What role does the OCR system play? 5

Supervised OCR post-correction of historical Swedish texts: ...

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5th Conference on Digital Humanities in the Nordic Countries, DHN 2020

作者： Dannélls, Dana Persson, Simon Språkbanken Text Department of Swedish University of Gothenburg Sweden Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Sweden

Current approaches for post-correction of OCR errors offer solutions that are tailored to a specific OCR system. This can be problematic if the post-correction method was trained on a specific OCR system but have to be applied on the result of another system. Whereas OCR post-correction of historical text has received much attention lately, the question of what role does the OCR system play for the post-correction method has not been addressed. In this study we explore a dataset of 400 documents of historical Swedish text which has been OCR processed by three state-of-the-art OCR systems: Abbyy Finereader, Tesseract and Ocropus. We examine the OCR results of each system and present a supervised machine learning post-correction method that tries to approach the challenges exhibited by each system. We study the performance of our method by using three evaluation tools: PrimA, Språkbanken evaluation tool and Frontiers Toolkit. Based on the evaluation analysis we discuss the impact each of the OCR systems has on the results of the post-correction method. We report on quantitative and qualitative results showing varying degrees of OCR post-processing complexity that are important to consider when developing an OCR post-correction method. Copyright © 2020 for this paper by its authors. Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).

关键词： Optical character recognition

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Corsetto: A Kinesthetic Garment for Designing, Composing for, and Experiencing an Intersubjective Haptic Voice 23

Corsetto: A Kinesthetic Garment for Designing, Composing for...

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Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

作者： Ozgun Kilic Afsar Yoav Luft Kelsey Cotton Ekaterina R. Stepanova Claudia Núñez-Pacheco Rebecca Kleinberger Fehmi Ben Abdesslem Hiroshi Ishii Kristina Höök MIT Media Lab Massachusetts Institute of Technology United States Media Technology and Interaction Design KTH Royal Institute of Technology Sweden Division of Interaction Design at Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Sweden Sweden School of Interactive Arts and Technology Simon Fraser University Canada College of Art Media & Design Northeastern University United States and MIT Media Lab Massachusetts Institute of Technology United States RISE SICS Computer Systems Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9781450394215

We present a novel intercorporeal experience – an intersubjective haptic voice. Through an autobiographical design inquiry, based on singing techniques from the classical opera tradition, we created Corsetto, a kinesthetic garment for transferring somatic reminiscents of vocal experience from an expert singer to a listener. We then composed haptic gestures enacted in the Corsetto, emulating upper-body movements of the live singer performing a piece by Morton Feldman named Three Voices. The gestures in the Corsetto added a haptics-based ‘fourth voice’ to the immersive opera performance. Finally, we invited audiences who were asked to wear Corsetto during live performances. Afterwards they engaged in micro-phenomenological interviews. The analysis revealed how the Corsetto managed to bridge inner and outer bodily sensations, creating a feeling of a shared intercorporeal experience, dissolving boundaries between listener, singer and performance. We propose that ‘intersubjective haptics’ can be a generative medium not only for singing performances, but other possible intersubjective experiences.

关键词： voice micro-phenomenology haptics machine learning Robotic textiles shape changing interfaces somaesthetic interaction design

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A Low Energy Clock Network with a Huge Number of Local Synchronized Oscillators

TechRxiv

引用

TechRxiv 2021年

作者： Carlstedt, Gunnar Rimborg, Mats The Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chalmers University of Technology GöteborgSE-412 96 Sweden

Manycore processors may generally be implemented as an array of small processing elements (PE) interconnected by a communication mesh (NoC). This article describes a clock system for such chips, with many thousands of high frequency PEs. Each PE contains a low energy oscillator. It synchronizes with the four neighbors by an additional low voltage wire parallel to the communication links, which carries a sinusoidal signal. This wire is part of a resonant circuit that extends to all PE oscillators. Theoretically, in an infinite mesh the oscillators will all be phase locked, but in a limited mesh there will be fringe effects. In a mesh with 25×25 oscillators, the maximum skew between neighboring regions is within 3.3 ps. By slightly adjusting the free running frequency of the oscillators, the skew can be reduced to 1.2 ps. Because there is no central clock, both power consumption and clock frequency can be improved compared to a conventional clock distribution network. A PE of 150×150 μm2 running at 6.7 GHz with 93 master-slave flip-flops is used as an example. The PE-internal clock skew is less than 2.3 ps, and the energy consumption of the clock system 807 μW per PE. This corresponds to an effective gate and wire capacitance of 509 aF, or 7.3 gate capacitances. Scheduling the local oscillators gradually along one of the grid’s axes reduces the power noise. In this way, surge currents, which generally have their peaks at the clock edges, are distributed evenly over a full clock cycle. © 2021, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Wire

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Optimal Protocols for Continual Learning via Statistical Physics and Control Theory

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Mori, Francesco Mannelli, Stefano Sarao Mignacco, Francesca Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics University of Oxford OxfordOX1 3PU United Kingdom Data Science and AI Computer Science and Engineering Chalmers University of Technology University of Gothenburg GothenburgSE-412 96 Sweden Graduate Center City University of New York NY United States Joseph Henry Laboratories of Physics Princeton University NJ United States

Artificial neural networks often struggle with catastrophic forgetting when learning multiple tasks sequentially, as training on new tasks degrades the performance on previously learned ones. Recent theoretical work has addressed this issue by analysing learning curves in synthetic frameworks under predefined training protocols. However, these protocols relied on heuristics and lacked a solid theoretical foundation assessing their optimality. In this paper, we fill this gap combining exact equations for training dynamics, derived using statistical physics techniques, with optimal control methods. We apply this approach to teacher-student models for continual learning and multi-task problems, obtaining a theory for task-selection protocols maximising performance while minimising forgetting. Our theoretical analysis offers non-trivial yet interpretable strategies for mitigating catastrophic forgetting, shedding light on how optimal learning protocols can modulate established effects, such as the influence of task similarity on forgetting. Finally, we validate our theoretical findings on real-world data. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Control theory

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Bubble NoC – A Low Energy Network-on-Chip with Small Footprint and High Performance

TechRxiv

引用

TechRxiv 2021年

作者： Carlstedt, Gunnar Rimborg, Mats The Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chalmers University of Technology GöteborgSE-412 96 Sweden

The Bubble NoC is simple, but still provides outstanding performance. Flow control is implemented by bubbles, which are inserted between the flits. The algorithm resembles a traffic situation where a vehicle only moves if the next position is empty. When a flit moves, a bubble is created behind it, and when there is a blocking the bubbles are collapsed as the flits behind are packed together. Even when the Bubble NoC is saturated, it degrades gracefully, and the execution continues. Deterministic prerouting is used, with the address stored as markers in a 2-out-of-32 code. The XY routing algorithm shifts the address one step at each hop, and turns or finishes when there is a marker first in the address. The physical implementation is a mesh of lanes containing time-division multiplexed links of 38 wires carrying a 32-bit payload. Signaling is made by current injection that charges the wires. A switch is placed in a four-way crossing, with a fifth local connection into a lane. The switch has an input register for each approaching lane. Straight ahead traffic is simply let through, and a diagonal gate is used for the turning traffic. All switches are transmission gates, and the control is distributed as a sidewalk in a few µm of the periphery that surrounds the intersection. In a 14 nm technology, the lanes are 7 μm wide, the crossing is 17 μm in square, the hop frequency 3.3 GHz, and the energy for a datapath 4.1 fJ/bit/hop (150 μm). © 2021, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Network-on-chip

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