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The role of sputtered atom and ion energy distribution in films deposited by Physical Vapor Deposition: A molecular dynamics approach

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Atmane, Soumya Maroussiak, Alexandre Caillard, Amaël Thomann, Anne-Lise Kateb, Movaffaq Gudmundsson, Jon Tomas Brault, Pascal GREMI UMR7344 CNRS Université d’Orléans Orléans France Department of Physics Chalmers University Sweden Science Institute University of Iceland Dunhaga 3 ReykjavikIS-107 Iceland Division of Space and Plasma Physics School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science KTH Royal Institute of Technology StockholmSE-10044 Sweden MS4ALL Lab’O Village by CA Orléans France

We present a comparative study of copper film growth with a constant energy neutral beam, thermal evaporation, dc magnetron sputtering, high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS), and bipolar HiPIMS, through molecular dynamics simulations. Experimentally determined energy distribution functions were utilized to model the deposition processes. Our results indicate significant differences in the film quality, growth rate, and substrate erosion between the various physical vapor deposition techniques. Bipolar HiPIMS shows the potential for improved film structure under certain conditions, albeit with increased substrate erosion. Bipolar +180 V HiPIMS with 10% Cu+ ions exhibited the best film properties in terms of crystallinity and atomic stress among the PVD processes investigated. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Magnetron sputtering

Ecosystem Models Based on Artificial Intelligence

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Ecosystem Models Based on Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence Society Workshop (SAIS), Swedish

作者： Claes Strannegå rd Niklas Engsner Jesper Eisfeldt John Endler Amanda Hansson Rasmus Lindgren Petter Mostad Simon Olsson Irene Perini Heather Reese Fulya Taylan Simon Ulfsbä cker Ann Nordgren Applied Information Technology University of Gothenburg Computer Science and Engineering Chalmers Molecular Medicine and Surgery Karolinska Institutet School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Gothenburg Mathematical Sciences Chalmers and University of Gothenburg Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Link&#x00F6 ping University Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization Link&#x00F6 ping Earth Sciences University of Gothenburg Biomedicine University of Gothenburg

ISBN: (数字)9781665471268

ISBN: (纸本)9781665471275

Ecosystem models can be used for understanding general phenomena of evolution, ecology, and ethology. They can also be used for analyzing and predicting the ecological consequences of human activities on specific ecosystems, e.g., the effects of agriculture, forestry, construction, hunting, and fishing. We argue that powerful ecosystem models need to include reasonable models of the physical environment and of animal behavior. We also argue that several well-known ecosystem models are unsatisfactory in this regard. Then we present the open-source ecosystem simulator Ecotwin, which is built on top of the game engine Unity. To model a specific ecosystem in Ecotwin, we first generate a 3D Unity model of the physical environment, based on topographic or bathymetric data. Then we insert digital 3D models of the organisms of interest into the environment model. Each organism is equipped with a genome and capable of sexual or asexual reproduction. An organism dies if it runs out of some vital resource or reaches its maximum age. The animal models are equipped with behavioral models that include sensors, actions, reward signals, and mechanisms of learning and decision-making. Finally, we illustrate how Ecotwin works by building and running one terrestrial and one marine ecosystem model.

关键词： Solid modeling Three-dimensional displays Biological system modeling Ecosystems Genomics Games Data models

A hybrid quantum-classical heuristic to solve large-scale integer linear programs

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Svensson, Marika Andersson, Martin Grönkvist, Mattias Vikstål, Pontus Dubhashi, Devdatt Ferrini, Giulia Johansson, Göran Jeppesen Gothenburg411 03 Sweden Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg412 96 Sweden Wallenberg Centre for Quantum Technology Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg412 96 Sweden

We present a method that integrates any quantum algorithm capable of finding solutions to integer linear programs into the Branch-and-Price algorithm, which is regularly used to solve largescale integer linear programs with a specific structure. The role of the quantum algorithm is to find integer solutions to subproblems appearing in Branch-and-Price. Obtaining optimal or nearoptimal integer solutions to these subproblems can increase the quality of solutions and reduce the depth and branching factor of the Branch-and-Price algorithm and hence reduce the overall running time. We investigate the viability of the approach by considering the Tail Assignment problem and the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA). Here, the master problem is the optimization problem Set Partitioning or its decision version Exact Cover and can be expressed as finding the ground state of an Ising spin glass Hamiltonian. For Exact Cover, our numerical results indicate that the required algorithm depth decreases with the number of feasible solutions for a given success probability of finding a feasible solution. For Set Partitioning, on the other hand, we find that for a given success probability of finding the optimal solution, the required algorithm depth can increase with the number of feasible solutions if the Hamiltonian is balanced poorly, which in the worst case is exponential in the problem size. We therefore address the importance of properly balancing the objective and constraint parts of the Hamiltonian. We empirically find that the approach is viable with QAOA if polynomial algorithm depth can be realized on quantum devices. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Integer programming

Imploding between the facts and concerns: analysing human–AI musical interaction

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Humanities and Social Sciences Communications

Humanities and Social sciences Communications 2025年第1期12卷 1-20页

作者： Kelsey Cotton Kıvanç Tatar Anna-Kaisa Kaila Petra Jääskeläinen André Holzapfel Data Science and AI Division Computer Science and Software Engineering Chalmers Institute of Technology and University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden Division of Media Technology and Interaction Design KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden

The advancement of AI-tools for musical performance has inspired exciting opportunities for interaction with musical-AI-agents. Interactions between humans and AI-agents in musical settings entail dynamic exchanges of control and power, and framings of AI-agents’ roles by human performers. We probe these framings and power-control exchanges through qualitative thematic lenses, drawing from post-phenomenology,matters of fact and concernand feminist science and technology studies. We contribute with a novel interdisciplinary analytical method as a tool for developers and designers of AI systems to help visibilise and examine theimplicit, the wider connections and entangled filaments in Human–AI musical interactions.

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On the importance of AI research beyond disciplines

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Dignum, Virginia Casey, Donal Cerratto-Pargman, Teresa Dignum, Frank Fantasia, Valentina Formark, Bodil Hammarfelt, Björn Holmberg, Gunnar Holzapfel, André Larsson, Stefan Lagerkvist, Amanda Lakemond, Nicolette Lindgren, Helena Lorig, Fabian Marusic, Ana Rahm, Lina Razmetaeva, Yulia Sikström, Sverker Tatar, Kıvanç Tucker, Jason Department of Computing Science Umeå University Sweden Department of Philosophy Lund University Sweden Department of Business Studies Uppsala University Sweden Dept. of Computer and Systems Sciences Stockholm University Sweden Umeå University Sweden Swedish School of Library and Information Science University of Borås Sweden Department of Management and Engineering Linköping University Sweden Division of Media Technology and Interaction Design KTH Sweden Department of Technology and Society Lund University Sweden Department of Informatics and Media Uppsala University Sweden Department of Computer Science and Media Technology Malmö University Sweden University of Split School of Medicine Split Croatia Department of Philosophy and History KTH Sweden Department of Law Uppsala University Sweden Department of Psychology Lund University Sweden Chalmers University of Technology Sweden Department of Global Political Studies Malmö University Sweden

As the impact of AI on various scientific fields is increasing, it is crucial to embrace interdisciplinary knowledge to understand the impact of technology on society. The goal is to foster a research environment beyond disciplines that values diversity and creates, critiques and develops new conceptual and theoretical frameworks. Even though research beyond disciplines is essential for understanding complex societal issues and creating positive impact it is notoriously difficult to evaluate and is often not recognized by current academic career progression. The motivation for this paper is to engage in broad discussion across disciplines and identify guiding principles fir AI research beyond disciplines in a structured and inclusive way, revealing new perspectives and contributing to societal and human wellbeing and sustainability. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Sustainable development

Quantum Depth in the Random Oracle Model

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Arora, Atul Singh Coladangelo, Andrea Coudron, Matthew Gheorghiu, Alexandru Singh, Uttam Waldner, Hendrik Institute for Quantum Information and Matter California Institute of Technology Department of Computing and Mathematical Sciences California Institute of Technology United States University of California Berkeley Simons Institute The Theory of Computing United States Department of Computer Science University of Maryland United States Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Institute for Theoretical Studies ETH Zürich Switzerland Center for Theoretical Physics Polish Academy of Sciences Poland Department of Computer Science University of Maryland Max Planck Institute for Security and Privacy United States

We give a comprehensive characterization of the computational power of shallow quantum circuits combined with classical computation. Specifically, for classes of search problems, we show that the following statements hold, relative to a random oracle: (a) BPPQNCBPP ≠ BQP. This refutes Jozsa's conjecture [Joz05] in the random oracle model. As a result, this gives the first instantiatable separation between the classes by replacing the oracle with a cryptographic hash function, yielding a resolution to one of Aaronson's ten semi-grand challenges in quantum computing [Aar05]. (b) BPPQNC ⊆ QNCBPP and QNCBPP ⊆ BPPQNC. This shows that there is a subtle interplay between classical computation and shallow quantum computation. In fact, for the second separation, we establish that, for some problems, the ability to perform adaptive measurements in a single shallow quantum circuit, is more useful than the ability to perform polynomially many shallow quantum circuits without adaptive measurements. (c) There exists a 2-message proof of quantum depth protocol. Such a protocol allows a classical verifier to efficiently certify that a prover must be performing a computation of some minimum quantum depth. Our proof of quantum depth can be instantiated using the recent proof of quantumness construction by Yamakawa and Zhandry [YZ22]. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Hash functions

Constrained Wrapped Least Squares: A Tool for High Accuracy GNSS Attitude Determination

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Liu, Xing Ballal, Tarig Chen, Hui Al-Naffouri, Tareq Y. The Division of Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia The Department of Electrical Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg41296 Sweden

Attitude determination is a popular application of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). Many methods have been developed to solve the attitude determination problem with different performance offerings. We develop a constrained wrapped least-squares (C-WLS) method for high-accuracy attitude determination. This approach is built on an optimization model that leverages prior information related to the antenna array and the integer nature of the carrier-phase ambiguities in an innovative way. The proposed approach adopts an efficient search strategy to estimate the vehicle’s attitude parameters using ambiguous carrier-phase observations directly, without requiring prior carrier-phase ambiguity fixing. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated via simulations and experimentally utilizing data collected using multiple GNSS receivers. The simulation and experimental results demonstrate excellent performance, with the proposed method outperforming the ambiguity function method, the constrained LAMBDA and multivariate constrained LAMBDA methods, three prominent attitude determination algorithms. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Global positioning system

Markov Field Models: scaling molecular kinetics approaches to large molecular machines

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Hempel, Tim Olsson, Simon Noé, Frank Freie Universität Berlin Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Berlin Germany Freie Universität Berlin Department of Physics Berlin Germany Chalmers University of Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Göteborg Sweden Rice University Department of Chemistry HoustonTX United States Microsoft Research Station Road Cambridge United Kingdom

With recent advances in structural biology, including experimental techniques and deep learning-enabled high-precision structure predictions, molecular dynamics methods that scale up to large biomolecular systems are required. Current state-of-the-art approaches in molecular dynamics modeling focus on encoding global configurations of molecular systems as distinct states. This paradigm commands us to map out all possible structures and sample transitions between them, a task that becomes impossible for large-scale systems such as biomolecular complexes. To arrive at scalable molecular models, we suggest moving away from global state descriptions to a set of coupled models that each describe the dynamics of local domains or sites of the molecular system. We describe limitations in the current state-of-the-art global-state Markovian modeling approaches and then introduce Markov Field Models as an umbrella term that includes models from various scientific communities, including Independent Markov Decomposition, Ising and Potts Models, and (Dynamic) Graphical Models, and evaluate their use for computational molecular biology. Finally, we give a few examples of early adoptions of these ideas for modeling molecular kinetics and thermodynamics. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Molecular dynamics

Refactoring Software in the Automotive Domain for Execution on Heterogeneous Platforms

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Andrade, Hugo Crnkovic, Ivica Bosch, Jan Computer Science and Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden

The most important way to achieve higher performance in computer systems is through heterogeneous computing, i.e., by adopting hardware platforms containing more than one type of processor, such as CPUs, GPUs, and FPGAs. Several types of algorithms can be executed significantly faster on a heterogeneous platform. However, migrating CPU-executable software to other types of execution platforms poses a number of challenges to software engineering. Significant efforts are required in such type of migration, particularly for re-architecting and re-implementing the software. Further, optimizing it in terms of performance and other runtime properties can be very challenging, making the process complex, expensive, and error-prone. Therefore, a systematic approach based on explicit and justified architectural decisions is needed for a successful refactoring process from a homogeneous to a heterogeneous platform. In this paper, we propose a decision framework that supports engineers when refactoring software systems to accommodate heterogeneous platforms. It includes the assessment of important factors in order to minimize the risk of recurrent problems in the process. Through a set of questions, practitioners are able to formulate answers that will help in making appropriate architectural decisions to accommodate heterogeneous platforms. The contents of the framework have been developed and evolved based on discussions with architects and developers in the automotive domain. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Program processors