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Monotonically relaxing concurrent data-structure semantics for increasing performance: An efficient 2D design framework 33

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Monotonically relaxing concurrent data-structure semantics f...

33rd International Symposium on Distributed Computing, DISC 2019

作者： Rukundo, Adones Atalar, Aras Tsigas, Philippas Chalmers University of Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9783959771269

There has been a significant amount of work in the literature proposing semantic relaxation of concurrent data structures for improving scalability and performance. By relaxing the semantics of a data structure, a bigger design space, that allows weaker synchronization and more useful parallelism, is unveiled. Investigating new data structure designs, capable of trading semantics for achieving better performance in a monotonic way, is a major challenge in the area. We algorithmically address this challenge in this paper. We present an efficient, lock-free, concurrent data structure design framework for out-of-order semantic relaxation. We introduce a new two dimensional algorithmic design, that uses multiple instances of a given data structure. The first dimension of our design is the number of data structure instances operations are spread to, in order to benefit from parallelism through disjoint memory access;the second dimension is the number of consecutive operations that try to use the same data structure instance in order to benefit from data locality. Our design can flexibly explore this two-dimensional space to achieve the property of monotonically relaxing concurrent data structure semantics for better performance within a tight deterministic relaxation bound, as we prove in the paper. We show how our framework can instantiate lock-free out-of-order queues, stacks, counters and dequeues. We provide implementations of these relaxed data structures and evaluate their performance and behaviour on two parallel architectures. Experimental evaluation shows that our two-dimensional design significantly outperforms the respected previous proposed designs with respect to scalability and performance. Moreover, our design increases performance monotonically as relaxation increases. © Adones Rukundo, Aras Atalar, and Philippas Tsigas.

关键词： Semantics

Efficient Optimization of Dominant Set Clustering with Frank-Wolfe Algorithms

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Johnell, Carl Chehreghani, Morteza Haghir Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Sweden

We study Frank-Wolfe algorithms - standard, pairwise, and away-steps - for efficient optimization of Dominant Set Clustering. We present a unified and computationally efficient framework to employ the different variants of Frank-Wolfe methods, and we investigate its effectiveness via several experimental studies. In addition, we provide explicit convergence rates for the algorithms in terms of the so-called Frank-Wolfe gap. The theoretical analysis has been specialized to Dominant Set Clustering and covers consistently the different variants. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Machine learning

The International Monetary Funds intervention in education systems and its impact on childrens chances of completing school

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Daoud, Adel Institute for Analytical Sociology Department of Management and Engineering Linköping University Norrköping Sweden The Division of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence The Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden

Enabling children to acquire an education is one of the most effective means to reduce inequality, poverty, and ill-health globally. While in normal times a government controls its educational policies, during times of macroeconomic instability, that control may shift to supporting international organizations, such as the the International Monetary Fund (IMF). While much research has focused on which sectors has been affected by IMF policies, scholars have devoted little attention to the policy content of IMF interventions affecting the education sector and children's education outcomes: denoted IMF-education policies. This article evaluates the extent which IMF-education policies exist in all programs and how these policies and IMF programs affect children's likelihood of completing schools. While IMF-education policies have a small adverse effect yet statistically insignificant on children's probability of completing school, these policies moderate effect heterogeneity for IMF programs. The effect of IMF programs (joint set of policies) adversely effect children's chances of completing school by six percentage points. By analyzing how IMF-education policies but also how IMF programs affect the education sector in low- and middle-income countries, scholars will gain a deeper understanding of how such policies will likely affect downstream outcomes. © 2021, CC BY-NC-ND.

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Automating the Practice of science – Opportunities, Challenges, and Implications

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Musslick, Sebastian Bartlett, Laura K. Chandramouli, Suyog H. Dubova, Marina Gobet, Fernand Griffiths, Thomas L. Hullman, Jessica King, Ross D. Nathan Kutz, J. Lucas, Christopher G. Mahesh, Suhas Pestilli, Franco Sloman, Sabina J. Holmes, William R. Institute of Cognitive Science Osnabrück University Osnabrück49090 Germany Department of Cognitive Linguistic & Psychological Sciences Brown University ProvidenceRI02912 United States Centre for Philosophy of Natural and Social Science London School of Economics Lakatos Building Houghton Street LondonWC2A 2AE United Kingdom AaltoFI-00076 Finland Department of Computing Science University of Alberta 8900 114 St NW EdmontonABT6G 2S4 Canada Cognitive Science Program Indiana University 1101 E 10th St BloomingtonIN47405 United States School of Psychology University of Roehampton LondonSW15 4JD United Kingdom Departments of Psychology and Computer Science Princeton University PrincetonNJ United States Department of Computer Science Northwestern University IL United States Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology University of Cambridge CambridgeCB3 0AS United Kingdom Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg412 96 Sweden Department of Applied Mathematics and Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Washington Seattle98195 United States School of Informatics University of Edinburgh 10 Crichton St. EH8 9AB United Kingdom Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Toronto Canada Department of Psychology Department of Neuroscience The University of Texas AustinTX United States Department of Computer Science University of Manchester M13 9PL United Kingdom

Automation transformed various aspects of our human civilization, revolutionizing industries and streamlining processes. In the domain of scientific inquiry, automated approaches emerged as powerful tools, holding promise for accelerating discovery, enhancing reproducibility, and overcoming the traditional impediments to scientific progress. This article evaluates the scope of automation within scientific practice and assesses recent approaches. Furthermore, it discusses different perspectives to the following questions: Where do the greatest opportunities lie for automation in scientific practice?;What are the current bottlenecks of automating scientific practice?;and What are significant ethical and practical consequences of automating scientific practice? By discussing the motivations behind automated science, analyzing the hurdles encountered, and examining its implications, this article invites researchers, policymakers, and stakeholders to navigate the rapidly evolving frontier of automated scientific practice. © 2024, CC BY.

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Problems in NP can Admit Double-Exponential Lower Bounds when Parameterized by Treewidth or Vertex Cover

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Foucaud, Florent Galby, Esther Khazaliya, Liana Li, Shaohua Inerney, Fionn Mc Sharma, Roohani Tale, Prafullkumar Université Clermont Auvergne CNRS Mines Saint-Étienne Clermont Auvergne INP LIMOS Clermont-Ferrand63000 France Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chalmers University of Technology University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden Technische Universität Wien Vienna Austria CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security Saarbrücken Germany University of Bergen Bergen Norway Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune Pune India

Treewidth serves as an important parameter that, when bounded, yields tractability for a wide class of problems. For example, graph problems expressible in Monadic Second Order (MSO) logic and Quantified SAT or, more generally, Quantified CSP, are fixed-parameter tractable parameterized by the treewidth of the input's (primal) graph plus the length of the MSO-formula [Courcelle, Information & Computation 1990] and the quantifier rank [Chen, ECAI 2004], respectively. The algorithms generated by these (meta-)results have running times whose dependence on treewidth is a tower of exponents. A conditional lower bound by Fichte, Hecher, and Pfandler [LICS 2020] shows that, for Quantified SAT, the height of this tower is equal to the number of quantifier alternations. These types of lower bounds, which show that at least double-exponential factors in the running time are necessary, exhibit the extraordinary level of computational hardness for such problems, and are rare in the current literature: there are only a handful of such lower bounds (for treewidth and vertex cover parameterizations) and all of them are for problems that are #NP-complete, (Equation presented)-complete, (Equation presented)-complete, or complete for even higher levels of the polynomial hierarchy. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, that it is not necessary to go higher up in the polynomial hierarchy to achieve double-exponential lower bounds: we derive double-exponential lower bounds in the treewidth (tw) and the vertex cover number (vc), for natural, important, and well-studied NP-complete graph problems. Specifically, we design a technique to obtain such lower bounds and show its versatility by applying it to three different problems: Metric Dimension, Strong Metric Dimension, and Geodetic Set. We prove that these problems do not admit 22o(tw) ·nO(1)-time algorithms, even on bounded diameter graphs, unless the ETH fails (here, n is the number of vertices in the graph). In fact, for Strong

关键词： Parameterization

Design thinking and creativity of co-located vs. globally distributed software developers

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Jolak, Rodi Wortmann, Andreas Liebel, Grischa Umuhoza, Eric Chaudron, Michel R.V. Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chalmers | Gothenburg University Sweden RWTH Aachen University Germany School of Technology Reykjavik University Iceland Carnegie Mellon University-Africa Rwanda Eindhoven University of Technology Netherlands

Context: Designing software is an activity in which software developers think and make design decisions that shape the structure and behavior of software products. Designing software is one of the least understood software engineering activities. In a collaborative design setting, various types of distances can lead to challenges and effects that potentially affect how software is designed. Objective: To contribute to a better understanding of collaborative software design, we investigate how geographic distance affects its design thinking and the creativity of its discussions. Method: To this end, we conducted a multiple-case study exploring the design thinking and creativity of co-located and distributed software developers in a collaborative design setting. Results: Compared to co-located developers, distributed developers spend less time on exploring the problem space, which could be related to different socio-technical challenges, such as lack of awareness and common understanding. Distributed development does not seem to affect the creativity of their activities. Conclusion: Developers engaging in collaborative design need to be aware that problem space exploration is reduced in a distributed setting. Unless distributed teams take compensatory measures, this could adversely affect the development. Regarding the effect distance has on creativity, our results are inconclusive and further studies are needed. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Software design

ACHIEVING WELL-INFORMED DECISION-MAKING IN DRUG DISCOVERY: A COMPREHENSIVE CALIBRATION STUDY USING NEURAL NETWORK-BASED STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY MODELS

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Friesacher, Hannah Rosa Engkvist, Ola Mervin, Lewis Moreau, Yves Arany, Adam ESAT STADIUS KU Leuven Leuven3000 Belgium Molecular AI Discovery Sciences R&D AstraZeneca Gothenburg Gothenburg 431 83 Sweden Molecular AI Discovery Sciences R&D AstraZeneca Cambridge CambridgeCB2 0AA United Kingdom Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg412 96 Sweden

In the drug discovery process, where experiments can be costly and time-consuming, computational models that predict drug-target interactions are valuable tools to accelerate the development of new therapeutic agents. Estimating the uncertainty inherent in these neural network predictions provides valuable information that facilitates optimal decision-making when risk assessment is crucial. However, such models can be poorly calibrated, which results in unreliable uncertainty estimates that do not reflect the true predictive uncertainty. In this study, we compare different metrics, including accuracy and calibration scores, used for model hyperparameter tuning to investigate which model selection strategy achieves well-calibrated models. Furthermore, we propose to use a computationally efficient Bayesian uncertainty estimation method named Bayesian Linear Probing (BLP), which generates Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC) trajectories to obtain samples for the parameters of a Bayesian Logistic Regression fitted to the hidden layer of the baseline neural network. We report that BLP improves model calibration and achieves the performance of common uncertainty quantification methods by combining the benefits of uncertainty estimation and probability calibration methods. Finally, we show that combining post hoc calibration method with well-performing uncertainty quantification approaches can boost model accuracy and calibration. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Risk assessment

Towards Efficient Confluent Edge Networks

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Towards Efficient Confluent Edge Networks

European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC)

作者： Rishu Raj Devika Dass Kaida Kaeval Sai Patri Vincent Sleiffer Benedikt Baeuerle Wolfgang Heni Marco Ruffini Colm Browning Alan Naughton Ruth Mackey David Mackey Boris Vukovic Jasmin Smajic Juerg Leuthold Carlos Natalino Lena Wosinska Tommy Svensson Aleksandra Kaszubowska-Anandarajah Ioanna Mesogiti Simon Pryor Anna Tzanakaki Reza Nejabati Paolo Monti Dan Kilper CONNECT Centre School of Computer Science and Statistics Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland Tallinn University of Technology Tallinn Estonia Adtran Networks SE Germany Polariton Technologies Adliswil Switzerland mBryonics Ltd Galway Ireland ETH Zurich Institute of Electromagnetic Fields Zurich Switzerland Electrical Engineering Department Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden OTE –Hellenic Telecommunications Organisation Athens Greece Accelleran N.V. Antwerp Belgium National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece University of Bristol Bristol UK

ISBN: (数字)9798350344998

ISBN: (纸本)9798350345001

We provide a vision for 6G fixed networks based on flexible and scalable high-capacity transmission technologies that form mesh edge networks to achieve ultra energy-efficient highly available networks with low latency. These networks will be controlled by AI-native orchestration across mobile, fixed, and compute domains. Mesh networking at the edge will be enabled by a seamless ‘confluence’ of radio fixed wireless (RFW), free space optical (FSO), and switched flex grid wavelength division multiplexed (Flex-WDM) transport using optical-spectrum-as-a-service (OSaaS) and integrated sensing and communication capabilities. In addition, in the frame of the European Smart Network Services Joint Undertaking, the ECO-eNET project will investigate key technologies and concepts to determine the full potential of confluent networks as a viable and scalable platform for 6G.

关键词： Optical fibers Integrated optics 6G mobile communication Wireless communication Optical fiber sensors Wireless sensor networks Mesh networks

What Matters in Professional Drone Pilots’ Practice? An Interview Study to Understand the Complexity of Their Work and Inform Human-Drone Interaction Research 21

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What Matters in Professional Drone Pilots’ Practice? An Int...

Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

作者： Sara Ljungblad Yemao Man Mehmet Aydın Baytaş Mafalda Gamboa Mohammad Obaid Morten Fjeld Interaction Design Computer Science and Engineering (CSE) University of Gothenburg and Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden Interaction Design CSE University of Gothenburg and Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden t2i lab Interaction Design CSE Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden Interaction Design CSE Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden t2i lab Interaction Design CSE Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden and University of Bergen Bergen Norway

ISBN: (纸本)9781450380966

Human-drone interaction is a growing topic of interest within HCI research. Researchers propose many innovative concepts for drone applications, but much of this research does not incorporate knowledge on existing applications already adopted by professionals. This limits the validity of said research. To address this limitation, we present our findings from an in-depth interview study with 10 professional drone pilots. Our participants were armed with significant experience and qualifications – pertinent to both drone operations and a set of applications covering diverse industries. Our findings have resulted in design recommendations that should inform both ends and means of human-drone interaction research. These include, but are not limited to: safety-related protocols, insights from domain-specific use cases, and relevant practices outside of hands-on flight.

关键词： pilots piloting quadcopters professionals Drones interview study