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Singing the praise of empowerment: Or paying the cost of chaos 44

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Singing the praise of empowerment: Or paying the cost of cha...

44th Euromicro Conference on Software engineering and Advanced Applications, SEAA 2018

作者： Olsson, Helena Holmstrom Bosch, Jan Department of Computer Science and Media Technology Malmö University Sweden Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9781538673829

Empowerment is based on the belief that employees have the ability, and the desire, to shoulder more responsibility and perform better when given freedom. In an empowered organization, authority is given to employees with the intent to increase responsiveness to customers, improve decision-making power and to increase team motivation and skills. However, while most studies picture empowerment as the 'ideal state' and the place where all organizations strive to be, our research shows that fully empowered teams without strategic guidance suffer from a number of problems. Based on multi-case study research in eleven software-intensive companies, we see that companies need to allow for different levels of empowerment depending on what they aim to achieve, characteristics of the industry domain, the business model and other factors, and that strategic guidance is critical to set direction and for avoiding chaos. To help companies approach the optimal level of empowerment, we provide a framework consisting of two inter-connected models that help companies to, rather than staying in their current hierarchical structures, transition to a level of empowerment that maximizes business value and performance. © 2018 IEEE.

关键词： Personnel

The links between agile practices, interpersonal conflict, and perceived productivity

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Gren, Lucas Chalmers University of Technology University of Gothenburg Department of Computer Science and Engineering Gothenburg412–92 Sweden

Agile processes explicitly focus more on team-work than more traditional management techniques when building software. With high velocity and responsiveness on team-level come the risk of interpersonal conflict in the agile organizations. Through a survey with 68 software developers from three large Swedish companies, I found that the presence of interpersonal conflict was negatively connected to the agile practices Iterative Development and Customer Access. The agile practices Iteration Planning and Iterative Development were positively linked to the measurement of the developers’ perceived team productivity. However, Continuous Integration & Testing was negatively connected to productivity. These results show which agile practices are directly linked to team productivity, but also, and more importantly, indicate which of the agile practices that might be more prone to not work as intended, when the team struggles with interpersonal conflict. Therefore, I argue that members of agile teams need training in conflict resolution techniques in order to lower the risk of interpersonal conflict negatively affecting team productivity. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Productivity

The importance of conflict resolution techniques in autonomous agile teams

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Gren, Lucas Lenberg, Per Chalmers University of Technology University of Gothenburg Department of Computer Science and Engineering Gothenburg412–92 Sweden

Today, software companies usually organize their work in teams. Social science research on team development has shown that for a team to reach a productive and autonomous stage, it has to be able to manage internal conflicts and disagreements efficiently. To better facilitate the team development process, we argue that software engineers needs additional training in negotiation skills and conflict resolution. In this position paper, we outline ideas for what aspects to consider in such training. As an example, we argue that a majority of the conflicts originate from team-level factors and that they, therefore, should be managed on the team-level instead of in relation to dyads. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Personnel training

UNSUPERVISED REPRESENTATION LEARNING WITH MINIMAX DISTANCE MEASURES

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Chehreghani, Morteza Haghir Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chalmers University of Technology GothenburgSE-412 96 Sweden

We investigate the use of Minimax distances to extract in a nonparametric way the features that capture the unknown underlying patterns and structures in the data. We develop a general-purpose and computationally efficient framework to employ Minimax distances with many machine learning methods that perform on numerical data. We study both computing the pairwise Minimax distances for all pairs of objects and as well as computing the Minimax distances of all the objects to/from a fixed (test) object. We first efficiently compute the pairwise Minimax distances between the objects, using the equivalence of Minimax distances over a graph and over a minimum spanning tree constructed on that. Then, we perform an embedding of the pairwise Minimax distances into a new vector space, such that their squared Euclidean distances in the new space equal to the pairwise Minimax distances in the original space. We also study the case of having multiple pairwise Minimax matrices, instead of a single one. Thereby, we propose an embedding via first summing up the centered matrices and then performing an eigenvalue decomposition to obtain the relevant features. In the following, we study computing Minimax distances from a fixed (test) object which can be used for instance in K-nearest neighbor search. Similar to the case of all-pair pairwise Minimax distances, we develop an efficient and general-purpose algorithm that is applicable with any arbitrary base distance measure. Moreover, we investigate in detail the edges selected by the Minimax distances and thereby explore the ability of Minimax distances in detecting outlier objects. Finally, for each setting, we perform several experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Embeddings

On Gender, Ethnicity, and Culture in Empirical Software engineering Research

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Gren, Lucas Chalmers University of Technology University of Gothenburg Department of Computer Science and Engineering Gothenburg 412–92 Sweden

This note highlights the importance of investigating diversity aspects in combination in empirical research. It draws on the psychological discourse and suggests why and how software engineering scholars can use the a... 详细信息

关键词： Software engineering

Studying Attitudes and Social Norms in Agile Software Development

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Gren, Lucas Chalmers University of Technology University of Gothenburg Department of Computer Science and Engineering Gothenburg412–92 Sweden

The purpose of this paper is to review research on attitudes and social norms and connect it to the agile software development context. Furthermore, I propose additional theories from social psychology (mainly the theory of planned behavior and using the degree of internalization of social norms) that would most certainly be useful for further sense-making of human factors-related research on agile teams. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Software design

Towards automated boundary value testing with program derivatives and search

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Feldt, Robert Dobslaw, Felix Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Div. of Software Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden

A natural and often used strategy when testing software is to use input values at boundaries, i.e. where behavior is expected to change the most, an approach often called boundary value testing or analysis (BVA). Even though this has been a key testing idea for long it has been hard to clearly define and formalize. Consequently, it has also been hard to automate. In this research note we propose one such formalization of BVA by, in a similar way as to how the derivative of a function is defined in mathematics, considering (software) program derivatives. Critical to our definition is the notion of distance between inputs and outputs which we can formalize and then quantify based on ideas from Information theory. However, for our (black-box) approach to be practical one must search for test inputs with specific properties. Coupling it with search-based software engineering is thus required and we discuss how program derivatives can be used as and within fitness functions. This brief note does not allow a deeper, empirical investigation but we use a simple illustrative example throughout to introduce the main ideas. By combining program derivatives with search, we thus propose a practical as well as theoretically interesting technique for automated boundary value (analysis and) testing. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Information theory

Benchmarking Advantage and D-Wave 2000Q quantum annealers with exact cover problems

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Willsch, Dennis Willsch, Madita Gonzalez Calaza, Carlos D. Jin, Fengping De Raedt, Hans Svensson, Marika Michielsen, Kristel Institute for Advanced Simulation Jülich Supercomputing Centre Forschungszentrum Jülich Jülich52425 Germany AIDAS Jülich52425 Germany Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 Groningen9747 AG Netherlands Jeppesen Gothenburg411 03 Sweden Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chalmers University of Technology GothenburgSE-412 96 Sweden RWTH Aachen University Aachen52056 Germany

We benchmark the quantum processing units of the largest quantum annealers to date, the 5000+ qubit quantum annealer Advantage and its 2000+ qubit predecessor D-Wave 2000Q, using tail assignment and exact cover problems from aircraft scheduling scenarios. The benchmark set contains small, intermediate, and large problems with both sparsely connected and almost fully connected instances. We find that Advantage outperforms D-Wave 2000Q for almost all problems, with a notable increase in success rate and problem size. In particular, Advantage is also able to solve the largest problems with 120 logical qubits that D-Wave 2000Q cannot solve anymore. Furthermore, problems that can still be solved by D-Wave 2000Q are solved faster by Advantage. We find, however, that D-Wave 2000Q can achieve better success rates for sparsely connected problems that do not require the many new couplers present on Advantage, so improving the connectivity of a quantum annealer does not per se improve its performance. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Benchmarking

Network-level optimal control for public bus operation

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2020年第2期53卷 15003-15010页

作者： Balázs Varga Tamás Péni Balázs Kulcsár Tamás Tettamanti Budapest University of Technology and Economics Faculty of Transportation Engineering and Vehicle Engineering Department of Control for Transportation and Vehicle Systems Hungary H-1111 Budapest Műegyetem rkp. 3 Institute for Computer Science and Control (SZTAKI) Hungary H-1111 Budapest. Kende u. 13-17 Department of Electrical Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Hörsalsvägen 9-11 SE-412-96 Gothenburg Sweden

The paper presents modeling, control and analysis of an urban public transport network. First, a centralized system description is given, built up from the dynamics of individual buses and bus stops. Aiming to minimize three conflicting goals (equidistant headways, timetable adherence, and minimizing passenger waiting times), a reference tracking model predictive controller is formulated based on the piecewise-affine system model. The closed-loop system is analyzed with three methods. Numerical simulations on a simple experimental network showed that the temporal evolution of headways and passenger numbers could maintain their periodicity with the help of velocity control. With the help of randomized simulation scenarios, sensitivity of the system is analyzed. Finally, infeasible regions for the bus network control was sought using by formulating an explicit model predictive controller.

关键词： Urban systems Public transport Centralised control Model predictive control Piecewise-affine systems Scenario based methods Set theory