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2022 IEEE International Conference on Big Data, Big Data 2022

作者： Asghari, Sara Chehreghani, Mostafa Haghir Chehreghani, Morteza Haghir Department of Computer Engineering Tehran Iran Chalmers University of Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Gothenburg Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9781665480451

With the growing rate of online social networks, the number of fake accounts is multiplying day by day. There exist many approaches in the literature that try to distinguish fake accounts from real ones, for example, those that use machine learning and classification techniques to learn whether a user should be labeled as fake (bot) or not. In this paper, we follow a different approach and try to use node measurements in the field of complex networks analysis to identify fake accounts. We first model users' interactions with a large graph. For example, in Twitter, we can form graphs of follower-following, comments, retweets, mentions, and so on. We then investigate different measurements, such as centrality indices and their correlations, to separate real and fake accounts. We find that measurements such as average path length, eigenvector centrality, harmonic centrality, degree, local reaching centrality and their correlations provide good indicators to distinguish real and fake accounts. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Social networking (online)

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Automatic Conversion of Smart Contracts for Non-Blocking Verification

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2024年第1期58卷 282-287页

作者： Nishant Parekh Wolfgang Ahrendt Martin Fabian Department of Electrical Engineering Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Göteborg Sweden

Smart contracts are programs stored on a blockchain ledger, thus being immutable after deployment, which makes assessment of their correctness before deployment vital. Extended finite state machines (EFSM) offer a structured framework for modeling complex systems, thus providing a systematic approach to scrutinize smart contract functionalities. This paper describes a methodology to automatically convert from the abstract syntax tree of a smart contract to an EFSM model. A smart contract implementing a casino is the specific use case, and verification of the EFSM model reveals it to be blocking. This blocking represents that a malicious player can lock the funds of the casino so that they can never be retrieved.

关键词： Extended finite state machines smart contracts security Verification non-blocking

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Deep Learning-based rPPG Models Towards Automotive Applications: A Benchmark Study

Deep Learning-based rPPG Models Towards Automotive Applicati...

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IEEE Winter Applications and computer Vision Workshops (WACVW)

作者： Tayssir Bouraffa Dimitrios Koutsakis Salvija Zelvyte Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden

ISBN: (数字)9798331536626

ISBN: (纸本)9798331536633

Remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) has the potential to significantly enhance driver safety systems by enabling the detection of critical conditions, such as driver drowsiness and sudden illness, through non-invasive monitoring of cardio-respiratory functions. However, the dynamic environment within a vehicle, characterized by motion artifacts and varying illumination, presents unique challenges for accurate rPPG estimation. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive benchmark of various supervised and unsupervised rPPG algorithms using the MR-NIRP car dataset to assess their performance in automotive settings. Qualitative and quantitative experiments were performed to evaluate and compare several rPPG models designed in stable, noise-controlled environments, highlighting the impact of real-world conditions on model performance. Our findings highlight the promise of machine learning approaches, particularly neural network-based models, in overcoming these challenges and accurately estimating heart and res-piration rates in real-world driving scenarios. This study underscores the potential for integrating rPPG-based mon-itoring systems into vehicles to enhance driver safety and well-being.

关键词： Heart rate Estimation Benchmark testing Photoplethysmography Safety Automobiles Reliability Vehicle dynamics Monitoring Vehicles

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Who wants to grow old in Welfare Sweden? 9

Who wants to grow old in Welfare Sweden?

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9th European Conference on Social Media, ECSM 2022

作者： Maric, Jasmina Interaction Design Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9781713855682

The research presented in this paper focuses on social media usage, specifically Facebook, in times of the Covid-19 crisis when some Swedish citizens lost trust in their official institutions. Once Sweden decided not to comply with WHO recommendations, the great majority of the Swedish population rallied around the flag in support of that move. For those who questioned this approach not much support was available, so they turned to social media. We ran a survey of 371 Facebook users gathered around the "Dr Whistleblower oxygen for all" group. Combining quantitative and qualitative analysis, in this study we analyse the role of social media in situations when people lose trust in public institutions and are left out. The most interesting and surprising result of this study is the discovery of fear for Dr Whistleblower's future, and fear for participants' own lives. We argue that in times of grave crisis, when we need reliable information the most, we turn to social media not only due to its immediacy but also due to its ability to connect us with a much wider circle of people than our close circle of friends can do. Then, more than ever, we look for trustworthy information, we express our fears and look for help online, thus seriously disrupting the traditional news landscape. © The Authors, (2022). All Rights Reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission may be made without written permission from the individual authors.

关键词： Cell proliferation

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Future Intelligent Autonomous Robots, Ethical by Design. Lessons Learned from Autonomous Cars Ethics 14

Future Intelligent Autonomous Robots, Ethical by Design. Les...

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14th International Conference on Society and Information Technologies, ICSIT 2023

作者： Dodig-Crnkovic, Gordana Holstein, Tobias Pelliccione, Patrizio Thavarasa, Jathoosh Division of Computer Science and Software Engineering Mälardalen University Västerås Sweden Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden Department of Information Engineering Computer Science and Mathematics University of l'Aquila L'Aquila Italy Software Engineering Efrei Paris Villejuif France

ISBN: (纸本)9781950492701

The "ethical by design" approach involves examining all stages of a lifecycle of technology to ensure that they are ethically justifiable and socially sustainable. Building on our work on the ethics of autonomous intelligent robocars, and studies of the literature on the ethics of robotics, we propose for robot applications a set of values and ethical principles including safety, security, privacy, transparency, and explainability, accountability, fairness, human control, well-being, autonomy and freedom, and sustainability. This may help stakeholders in the field of intelligent autonomous robotics to connect ethical principles with their applications. Most ethical considerations we identified in our work on autonomous cars are relevant to all AI-powered robots, but robots require additional examination depending on their application domain, such as social robots (care robots, personal companions, robots used in education, health care, elderly care, education, entertainment, chat-bots), industrial robots, etcetera. Thus, existing ethical frameworks need to be applied in a context-sensitive way, by assessments in interdisciplinary, multi-competent teams through multi-criteria analysis. Furthermore, we argue for the need for continuous development of ethical principles, guidelines, and regulations, informed by the progress of technologies and involving relevant stakeholders. This implies designing the socio-technical system as an intelligent learning ecology. © 2023 Proceedings ICSIT, International Conference on Society and Information Technologies. All rights reserved.

关键词： Intelligent robots

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Living in a Pink Cloud or Fighting a Whack-a-Mole? On the Creation of Recurring Revenue Streams in the Embedded Systems Domain 48

Living in a Pink Cloud or Fighting a Whack-a-Mole? On the Cr...

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48th Euromicro Conference on Software engineering and Advanced Applications, SEAA 2022

作者： Olsson, Helena Holmström Bosch, Jan Dept. of Computer Science and Media Technology Malmö University Malmö Sweden Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9781665461528

For companies in the embedded systems domain, digitalization and digital technologies allow endless opportunities for new business models and continuous value delivery. While physical products still provide the core revenue, these are rapidly being complemented with offerings that allow for recurring revenue and that are based on software, data and artificial intelligence (AI). However, while new digital offerings allow for fundamentally new and recurring revenue streams and continuous value delivery to customers, the creation of these proves to be a challenging endeavour. In this paper, we study how companies explore ways to create new or additional value with the intention to complement their product portfolio with offerings that allow for recurring revenue. Based on multi-case study research, we identify the key challenges that companies in the embedded systems domain experience and we derive four organizational patterns that we see slow down innovation. Second, we present a framework outlining alternative types of offerings to customers. Third, we provide a value taxonomy in which we detail the different types of offerings and the value these provide to customers. For each value offering, we indicate whether this offering is (1) static or evolving, (2) bundled or unbundled, (3) free or monetized, and we provide examples from the case companies we studied. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Embedded systems

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Reversed Multi-Layer Design as an Approach to Designing for Digital Seniors 22

Reversed Multi-Layer Design as an Approach to Designing for ...

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12th Nordic Conference on Human-computer Interaction: Participative Computing for Sustainable Futures, NordiCHI 2022

作者： Finne, Rebecca Larsson, Lisa Mylonopoulou, Vasiliki Andreasson, Sebastian Hjelm, Tove Rost, Mattias Weilenmann, Alexandra Torgersson, Olof Chalmers University of Technology Sweden Department of Applied Information Technology University of Gothenburg Sweden Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Sweden University of Gothenburg Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9781450396998

The personal computer (PC) has been around for more than 35 years by now. Today, we find early adopters of the PC who have been using computers at home for 25 or 30 years and are now themselves in their eighties or nineties. Despite this there is still a lot of research focusing on how to introduce and teach the use of information technology to older people. In this paper we argue that it is time for a shift to designing for digital seniors, i.e., older long-time computer users. Over time this will be the dominating user group and we need to design for continued use of IT rather than guiding older computer novices. The paper also presents the concept Gracefully adaptive user interfaces and provides a case study in the form of a prototype re-design of Facebook aimed at exploring and illustrating how designing for digital seniors can be approached. © 2022 Owner/Author.

关键词： Personal computers

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Semantic-Aware Representation of Multi-Modal Data for Data Ingress: A Literature Review

Semantic-Aware Representation of Multi-Modal Data for Data I...

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Euromicro Conference on Software engineering and Advanced Applications (SEAA)

作者： Pierre Lamart Yinan Yu Christian Berger Computer Science and Engineering University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden Computer Science and Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden

ISBN: (数字)9798350380262

ISBN: (纸本)9798350380279

Machine Learning (ML) is continuously permeating a growing amount of application domains. Generative AI such as Large Language Models (LLMs) also sees broad adoption to process multi-modal data such as text, images, audio, and video. While the trend is to use ever-larger datasets for training, managing this data efficiently has become a significant practical challenge in the industry-double as much data is certainly not double as good. Rather the opposite is important since getting an understanding of the inherent quality and diversity of the underlying data lakes is a growing challenge for application-specific ML as well as for fine-tuning foundation models. Furthermore, information retrieval (IR) from expanding data lakes is complicated by the temporal dimension inherent in time-series data which must be considered to determine its semantic value. This study focuses on the different semantic-aware techniques to extract embeddings from mono-modal, multi-modal, and cross-modal data to enhance IR capabilities in a growing data lake. Articles were collected to summarize information about the state-of-the-art techniques focusing on applications of embedding for three different categories of data modalities.

关键词： Training Reviews Generative AI Large language models Semantics Machine learning Big Data applications Market research Information retrieval Software engineering

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Cross-modal Transfer Between Vision and Language for Protest Detection 5

Cross-modal Transfer Between Vision and Language for Protest...

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5th Workshop on Challenges and Applications of Automated Extraction of Socio-Political Events from Text, CASE 2022

作者： Raj, Ria Andreasson, Kajsa Norlund, Tobias Johansson, Richard Lagerberg, Aron Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Sweden Recorded Future University of Gothenburg Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9781959429050

Most of today’s systems for socio-political event detection are text-based, while an increasing amount of information published on the web is multi-modal. We seek to bridge this gap by proposing a method that utilizes existing annotated unimodal data to perform event detection in another data modality, zero-shot. Specifically, we focus on protest detection in text and images, and show that a pretrained vision-and-language alignment model (CLIP) can be leveraged towards this end. In particular, our results suggest that annotated protest text data can act supplementarily for detecting protests in images, but significant transfer is demonstrated in the opposite direction as well. © 2022 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Zero-shot learning

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Domain Generalization through Meta-Learning: A Survey

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Khoee, Arsham Gholamzadeh Yu, Yinan Feldt, Robert Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have revolutionized artificial intelligence but often lack performance when faced with out-of-distribution (OOD) data, a common scenario due to the inevitable domain shifts in real-world applications. This limitation stems from the common assumption that training and testing data share the same distribution—an assumption frequently violated in practice. Despite their effectiveness with large amounts of data and computational power, DNNs struggle with distributional shifts and limited labeled data, leading to overfitting and poor generalization across various tasks and domains. Meta-learning presents a promising approach by employing algorithms that acquire transferable knowledge across various tasks for fast adaptation, eliminating the need to learn each task from scratch. This survey paper delves into the realm of meta-learning with a focus on its contribution to domain generalization. We first clarify the concept of meta-learning for domain generalization and introduce a novel taxonomy based on the feature extraction strategy and the classifier learning methodology, offering a granular view of methodologies. Additionally, we present a decision graph to assist readers in navigating the taxonomy based on data availability and domain shifts, enabling them to select and develop a proper model tailored to their specific problem requirements. Through an exhaustive review of existing methods and underlying theories, we map out the fundamentals of the field. Our survey provides practical insights and an informed discussion on promising research directions. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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