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Evaluating an intelligent tutoring system for making legal arguments with hypotheticals

International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education 2009年第4期19卷 401-424页

作者： Pinkwart, Niels Ashley, Kevin Lynch, Collin Aleven, Vincent Department of Informatics Clausthal University of Technology Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany Learning Research and Development Center School of Law and Intelligent Systems Program University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA United States Learning Research and Development Center Intelligent Systems Program University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA United States Human-Computer Interaction Institute School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA United States

Argumentation is a process that occurs often in ill-defined domains and that helps deal with the illdefinedness. Typically a notion of "correctness" for an argument in an ill-defined domain is impossible to define or verify formally because the underlying concepts are open-textured and the quality of the argument may be subject to discussion or even expert disagreement. Previous research has highlighted the advantages of graphical representations for learning argumentation skills. A number of intelligent tutoring systems have been built that support students in rendering arguments graphically, as they learn argumentation skills. The relative instructional benefits of graphical argument representations have not been reliably shown, however. In this paper we present a formative evaluation of LARGO (Legal ARgument Graph Observer), a system that enables law students graphically to represent examples of legal interpretation with hypotheticals they observe while reading texts of U.S. Supreme Court oral arguments. We hypothesized that, compared to a text-based alternative, LARGO's diagramming language geared toward depicting hypothetical reasoning processes, coupled with non-directive feedback, helps students better extract the important information from argument transcripts and better learn argumentation skills. A first pilot study, conducted with volunteer first-semester law students, provided support for the hypothesis. The system especially helped lower-aptitude students learn argumentation skills, and LARGO improved the reading skills of students as they studied expert arguments. A second study with LARGO was conducted as a mandatory part of a first-semester University law course. Although there were no differences in the learning outcomes of the two conditions, the second study showed some evidence that those students who engaged more with the argument diagrams through the advice did better than the text condition. One lesson learned from these two studies is that gr

关键词： Students

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Ontology engineering

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Nature Biotechnology 2010年第2期28卷 128-130页

作者： Alterovitz, Gil Xiang, Michael Hill, David P. Lomax, Jane Liu, Jonathan Cherkassky, Michael Dreyfuss, Jonathan Mungall, Chris Harris, Midori A. Dolan, Mary E. Blake, Judith A. Ramoni, Marco F. Children's Hospital Informatics Program Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Harvard Medical School Boston MA United States Partners Healthcare Center for Personalized Genetic Medicine Boston MA United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA United States Jackson Laboratory Bar Harbor ME United States EMBL-EBI Wellcome Trust Genome Campus Hinxton United Kingdom Department of Biology Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA United States Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA United States

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Event intensity tracking in weblog collections

Event intensity tracking in weblog collections

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2009 ICWSM Workshop

作者： Ha-Thuc, Viet Mejova, Yelena Harris, Christopher Srinivasan, Padmini University of Iowa Computer Science Department MacLean Hall Iowa City IA 52242 United States University of Iowa Informatics Program MacLean Hall Iowa City IA 52242 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781577354307

Event tracking is the task of discovering temporal patterns of events from text streams. Existing approaches for event tracking have two limitations: scalability and their inability to rule out non-relevant portions within texts in the stream 'relevant' to the event of interest. In this study, we propose a novel approach to tackle these limitations. To demonstrate our approach, we track news events across a collection of weblogs spanning a two-month time period. In particular we track variations in the intensity of discussion on a given event over time. We demonstrate that our model is capable of tracking both events and sub-events at a finer granularity. We also present in this paper our analysis of the blog dataset distributed by the conference organizers. Copyright © 2009, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (***).

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An agent framework to support sensor networks' setup and adaptation

An agent framework to support sensor networks' setup and ada...

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International Multiconference on computer science and Information Technology, IMCSIT '09

作者： De Freitas, Edison Pignaton Heimfarth, Tales Ferreira, Armando Morado Wagner, Flávio Rech Pereira, Carlos Eduardo Larsson, Tony IDE Halmstad University Halmstad Sweden Institute of Informatics UFRGS Porto Alegre Brazil Computer Science Department UFLA Lavras Brazil Defense Engineering Graduate Program Military Institute of Engineering Rio de Janeiro Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781424453146

Sensor networks are being used in several emerging applications not even imagined some years ago due to advances in sensing, computing, and communication techniques. However, these advances also pose various challenges that must be faced. One important challenge is related to the autonomous capability needed to setup and adapt the networks, which decentralizes the control of the network, saving communication and energy resources. Middleware technology helps in addressing this kind of problem, but there is still a need for additional solutions, particularly considering dynamic changes in users' requirements and operation conditions. This paper presents an agent-based framework acting as an integral part of a middleware to support autonomous setup and adaptation of sensor networks. It adds interoperability among heterogeneous nodes in the network, by means of autonomous behavior and reasoning. These features also address the needs for system setup and adaptations in the network, reducing the communication overhead and decentralizing the decision making mechanism. Additionally, preliminary results are also presented. © 2009 IEEE.

关键词： Middleware

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On the role of classification in patent invalidity searches

On the role of classification in patent invalidity searches

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PaIR 09 - 2nd Workshop on Patent Information Retrieval, Co-located with the 18th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, CIKM 2009

作者： Harris, Christopher G. Foster, Steven Arens, Robert Srinivasan, Padmini Informatics Program University of Iowa Iowa City IA 52242 United States Global News Intelligence Montpelier VT 05667 United States Computer Science Department University of Iowa Iowa City IA 52242 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781605588094

Searches on patents to determine prior art violations are often cumbersome and require extensive manpower to accomplish successfully. When time is constrained, an automatically generated list of candidate patents may decrease search costs and improve search efficiency. We examine whether semantic relations inferred from the pseudo-hierarchy of patent classifications can contribute to the recognition of related patents. We examine a similarity measure for hierarchically-ordered patent classes and subclasses and return a ranked list of candidate patents, using a similarity measure that has demonstrated its effectiveness when applied to WordNet ontologies. We then demonstrate that this ranked list of candidate patents allows us to better constrain the effort needed to examine for prior art violations on a target patent. Copyright 2009 ACM.

关键词： Ontology

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Impact of region-based faults on the connectivity of wireless networks

Impact of region-based faults on the connectivity of wireles...

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Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control, and Computing

作者： Arunabha Sen Sujogya Banerjee Pavel Ghosh Shahrzad Shirazipourazad Computer Science and Engineering Program School of Computing Informatics and Decision Systems Engineering Arizona State University Tempe AZ USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781424458707

The last few years have seen considerable interest in the wireless networking research community in analyzing the connectivity of wireless ad-hoc networks formed by a set of nodes distributed in a two dimensional plane (deployment area) with a (i) uniform probability density function and (ii) uniform transmission range. Although several important and interesting results are known in this domain, most of the connectivity studies consider a fault-free scenario where all nodes are available for network formation and do not consider failures among nodes caused by one reason or another. In very few studies where faults are considered, they are usually considered to be random in nature, i.e., the probability of a node failing is independent of its location in the deployment area. However, such fault scenario is inadequate to capture many realistic situations where the faulty nodes are spatially correlated. This is particularly true in combat environment where an enemy bomb can destroy a subset of nodes confined to a region. In this paper we investigate the impact of region-based faults on the connectivity of wireless networks. Through analysis and simulation, we provide results relating the probability of a network being connected as transmission range and the size of fault-region are varied. If d min (G) denotes the minimum node degree of the network, we provide the analytical expression for P(d min (G) ¿ k), which represents the probability of the minimum node degree being at least k, for k = 1. Moreover, we compute P(¿(G) ¿ k), where ¿(G) represents the connectivity of the graph G formed by the distribution of nodes in the deployment area and examine the relationship between P(d min (G) ¿ k) and P(¿(G) ¿ k) when k = 1.

关键词： Wireless networks Distributed computing Weapons Analytical models computer science computer networks informatics Systems engineering and theory Ad hoc networks Probability density function

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Design of interleaved multithreading for Network Processors on Chip

Design of interleaved multithreading for Network Processors ...

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IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

作者： Henrique C. Freitas Felipe L. Madruga Marco A. Z. Alves Philippe O. A. Navaux Graduate Program in Computer Science Informatics Institute Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781424438273

Thread level parallelism and multi-core processors are current alternatives to increase performance of general-purpose applications. In the same way, networks-on-ohip (NoCs) are the main alternatives for supporting packet throughput for the next generations of many-core processors. NPoC (network processor on chip) is a proposal to increase the performance of programmable NoC routers and multi-cluster NoC architectures using interleaved multithreading (IMT) technique. Therefore, the main goal of this paper is to present the design impact of interleaved multithreading for network processors on chip focusing on area and performance feasibility. Results show that NPoC-based router has an acceptable and similar area relative to a conventional NoC, and higher performance up to 7.1% than the same NPoC version without IMT.

关键词： Multithreading Network-on-a-chip Throughput Pipelines Parallel processing Yarn Switches Hardware Costs Wire

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TREC Blog and TREC Chem: A View from the corn fields

TREC Blog and TREC Chem: A View from the corn fields

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18th Text REtrieval Conference, TREC 2009

作者： Mejova, Yelena Thuc, Viet Ha Foster, Steven Harris, Christopher Arens, Bob Srinivasan, Padmini Informatics Program University of Iowa Iowa City IA 52242 United States Department of Management Sciences University of Iowa Iowa City IA 52242 United States Department of Computer Science University of Iowa Iowa City IA 52242 United States Global News Intelligence Montpelier VT 05667 United States

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Conditional IMS Learning Design Generation Using User Modeling and Planning Techniques

Conditional IMS Learning Design Generation Using User Modeli...

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International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT)

作者： Jorge Hernandez Silvia Baldiris Olga C. Santos Ramón Fabregat Jesus G. Boticario System Engineering Program Corporación Universitaria de la Costa Colombia Institute of Informatics and Aplications (IliA) Universidad de Girona Spain ADeNu Research Group Artificial Intelligence Department Computer Science School UNED (Spanish National University of Distance Education) Spain aDeNu Research Group Computer Science School UNED

Active modeling is required in learning settings to cope with the dynamic evolution of the knowledge, since learners competences evolves over time as they participate in the course activities. Moreover, one of the main issues in a competence based eLearning process is to deliver personalized instructional designs adjusted to both 1) intrinsic characteristics of users (i.e. learning styles) and 2) the desired and achieved competences in the learning process (i.e. specific and generic competences). This delivery includes the adaptation of the content and the activities in a learning scenario based on a dynamic user model that evolves according to user interactions. In this paper, an approach to support Conditional Plans Generation (IMS Learning Designs) in the context of a virtual learning environment is presented. The process is supported by a pervasive usage of standards and specifications (IMS family of specifications) in conjunction with an integral user modeling.

关键词： Learning Artificial intelligence Process planning Monitoring Technology planning Design engineering Knowledge engineering Systems engineering and theory informatics computer science

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An agent framework to support sensor networks' setup and adaptation

An agent framework to support sensor networks' setup and ada...

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International Multiconference on computer science and Information Technology, IMCSIT

作者： Edison Pignaton de Freitas Flávio Rech Wagner Tales Heimfarth Carlos Eduardo Pereira Armando Morado Ferreira Tony Larsson IDE - Halmstad University Sweden Computer Science Department UFLA Lavras Brazil Institute of Informatics UFRGS Porto Alegre Brazil Defense Engineering Graduate Program Military Institute of Engineering Rio de Janeiro Brazil IDE - Halmstad University Halmstad Sweden

关键词： Middleware Image sensors computer networks Communication system control Energy resources Decision making

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