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arXiv 2020年

作者： Klingel, Maike Kopčo, Norbert Laback, Bernhard Acoustics Research Institute Austrian Academy of Sciences Vienna1040 Austria Department of Cognition Emotion and Methods in Psychology Faculty of Psychology University of Vienna Vienna1010 Austria Institute of Computer Science Faculty of Science P. J. Šafárik University in Košice Košice04180 Slovakia

Normal-hearing listeners adapt to alterations in sound localization cues. This adaptation can result from the establishment of a new spatial map of the altered cues or from a stronger relative weighting of unaltered compared to altered cues. Such reweighting has been shown for monaural vs. binaural cues. However, studies attempting to reweight the two binaural cues, interaural differences in time and level, yielded inconclusive results. In this study we investigated whether binaural cue reweighting can be induced by a lateralization training in a virtual audio-visual environment. 20 normal-hearing participants, divided into two groups, completed the experiment consisting of a seven-day lateralization training in a virtual audio-visual environment, preceded and followed by a test measuring the binaural cue weights. During testing, the participants’ task was to lateralize 500-ms bandpass-filtered (2-4 kHz) noise bursts containing various combinations of spatially consistent and inconsistent ITDs and ILDs. During training, the task was extended by visual cues reinforcing ITDs in one group and ILDs in the other group as well as manipulating the azimuthal ranges of the two cues. In both groups, the weight given to the reinforced cue increased significantly from pre- to posttest, suggesting that participants reweighted the binaural cues in the expected direction. This reweighting occurred predominantly within the first training session. The present results are relevant as binaural cue reweighting is, for example, likely to occur when normal-hearing listeners adapt to new acoustic environments. Similarly, binaural cue reweighting might be a factor underlying the low contribution of ITDs to sound localization of cochlear-implant listeners as they typically do not experience reliable ITD cues with their clinical devices. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Audition

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An approach for realistically simulating the performance of scientific applications on high performance computing systems

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Mohammed, Ali Eleliemy, Ahmed Ciorba, Florina M. Kasielke, Franziska Banicescu, Ioana Department of Mathematics and Computer Science University of Basel Switzerland Institute of Software Methods for Product Virtualization German Aerospace Center Germany Department of Computer Science and Engineering Mississippi State University United States

Scientific applications often contain large, computationally-intensive, and irregular parallel loops or tasks that exhibit stochastic characteristics. Applications may suffer from load imbalance during their execution on high-performance computing (HPC) systems due to such characteristics. Dynamic loop self-scheduling (DLS) techniques are instrumental in improving the performance of scientific applications on HPC systems via load balancing. Selecting a DLS technique that results in the best performance for different problems and system sizes requires a large number of exploratory experiments. A theoretical model that can be used to predict the scheduling technique that yields the best performance for a given problem and system has not yet been identified. Therefore, simulation is the most appropriate approach for conducting such exploratory experiments with reasonable costs. This work devises an approach to realistically simulate computationally-intensive scientific applications that employ DLS and execute on HPC systems. Several approaches to represent the application tasks (or loop iterations) are compared to establish their influence on the simulative application performance. A novel simulation strategy is introduced, which transforms a native application code into a simulative code. The native and simulative performance of two computationally-intensive scientific applications are compared to evaluate the realism of the proposed simulation approach. The comparison of the performance characteristics extracted from the native and simulative performance shows that the proposed simulation approach fully captured most of the performance characteristics of interest. This work shows and establishes the importance of simulations that realistically predict the performance of DLS techniques for different applications and system configurations. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Benchmarking

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WAVELET ANALYSIS AND ENERGY-BASED MEASURES FOR OIL-FOOD PRICE RELATIONSHIP AS A FOOTPRINT OF FINANCIALISATION EFFECT

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Mastroeni, Loretta Mazzoccoli, Alessandro Quaresima, Greta Vellucci, Pierluigi Dept. of Economics Roma Tre University Via Silvio D'Amico 77 Rome00145 Italy Dept. of Civil Engineering and Computer Science University of Rome Tor Vergata Via del Politecnico 1 Rome00133 Italy Dep. of Methods and Models for Economics Territory and Finance University of Rome La Sapienza Via del Castro Laurenziano 9 RM Roma00161 Italy

In this paper we exploit the wavelet analysis approach to investigate oil-food price correlation and its determinants in the domains of time and frequency. Wavelet analysis is able to differentiate high frequency from low frequency movements which correspond, respectively, to short and long run dynamics. We show that the significant local correlation between food and oil is only apparent and this is mainly due both to the activity of commodity index investments and, to a lesser extent, to a growing demand from emerging economies. Moreover, the activity of commodity index investments gives evidence of the overall financialisation process. In addition, we employ wavelet entropy to assess the predictability of the time series under consideration at different frequencies. We find that some variables share a similar predictability structure with food and oil. These variables are the ones that move the most along with oil and food. We also introduce a novel measure, the Cross Wavelet Energy Entropy Measure (CWEEM), based on wavelet transformation and information entropy, with the aim of quantifying the intrinsic predictability of food and oil given demand from emerging economies, commodity index investments, financial stress, and global economic activity. The results show that these dynamics are best predicted by global economic activity at all frequencies and by demand from emerging economies and commodity index investments at high frequencies only. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Investments

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Ethnic Identity as a Quantitative Measurement in computer science Education

Ethnic Identity as a Quantitative Measurement in Computer Sc...

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Research in Equity and Sustained Participation in Engineering, Computing, and Technology (RESPECT)

作者： A. Nicki Washington Anna Romanova Computer Science Winthrop University Rock Hill SC Quantitative Methods Winthrop University Rock Hill SC

Increasing the participation of underrepresented students in computing requires increasing the inclusion of computing as part of their identity. Research suggests that ethnic identity, including the presence of role models of the same ethnicity, directly influences the self-efficacy of minorities in career choices and development. If properly measured, then identity can be used to assess the impact of many of the current and forthcoming national K-12 efforts to increase diversity in CS. The computer science Attitude and Identity Survey (CSAIS) was developed to measure five constructs that influence undergraduate students of color in computer science: confidence, interest, gender, professional, and identity. The tool extends from the Engineering Students’ Attitudes toward CS Survey (designed for first-year CS majors and non-majors) and the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM), a psychology-based survey for measuring ethnic identity according to the following factors: ethnic identity search and affirmation, commitment, and sense of belonging. Validation results indicated that the identity construct is a valid and reliable measure of ethnic identity in relation to CS. This work is now focused on data collection for various efforts targeting underrepresented students nationwide.

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Controlled Trial for Preventing Priapism in Sickle Cell Anemia: Hydroxyurea plus Placebo vs. Hydroxyurea plus Tadalafil

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Blood 2025年

作者： Ibrahim M. Idris Aminu A. Yusuf Ismail I. Ismail Awwal M. Borodo Mustapha S. Hikima Shehu A. Kana Tukur Aliyu Kabiru Musangedu Atiku U. Jibrilla Sani A. Aji Aisha K. Gwarzo Kabir Mohammad Jamil A. Galadanci Rukayya Alkassim Mohammad A. Suwaid Nafiu Hussaini Mark Rodeghier Arthur L. Burnett Michael R. DeBaun Department of Hematology Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Kano Nigeria Department of Hematology Bayero University Kano Kano Nigeria Department of Radiology Muhammad Abdullahi Wase Specialist Hospital Kano Nigeria Department of Medicine Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Kano Nigeria Department of Administration National Identity Management Agency Kano Nigeria Department of Surgery Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital/Bayero University Kano Kano Nigeria Department of Pharmacy Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Kano Nigeria Department of Computer Science Bayero University Kano Kano Nigeria Department of Statistics Kano University of Science and Technology Kano Nigeria Department of Radiology Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital/Bayero University Kano Kano Nigeria Department of Mathematical Sciences Bayero University Kano Kano Nigeria Rodeghier Consulting Chicago Illinois School of Medicine Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland Vanderbilt-Meharry Sickle Cell Disease Center of Excellence Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee

Recurrent ischemic priapism is a common complication of sickle cell anemia (SCA) and is associated with devastating physical and psychosocial consequences. All previous trials for priapism prevention have failed to demonstrate clear efficacy. We conducted a randomized, controlled, double-blind phase 2 feasibility trial comparing fixed moderate-dose hydroxyurea plus placebo (usual care arm) versus fixed moderate-dose hydroxyurea plus tadalafil (experimental arm) in 64 men (18- 40 years) with at least three episodes of SCA-related priapism in the past 12 months. Priapism data were obtained via daily text messages to the participants. The trial's primary outcome measures were 100% recruitment, 98.4% retention, and 93.5% adherence rates. Over a median of 10 months (IQR: 3-12), 2.5 and 3.02 priapism events per participant-month were recorded in the usual care and the experimental arms, with an incidence rate ratio of 0.8; 95% CI: 0.3 –1.9; p= 0.654. Serious adverse events (p=0.999) and hospitalizations (p=0.289) were similar in both arms. Sperm concentration, motility, and normal morphology significantly decreased on hydroxyurea therapy but recovered to pre-hydroxyurea levels three months after therapy cessation. Post-hoc, single-arm, pre- and post-analysis comparing the priapism rate in the treatment phase to pre-randomization showed a 58.3% priapism incidence rate reduction in the usual care arm (5.9 to 2.5 events per month; difference 3.4, 95% CI: 1.1 - 5.8; p=0.005]) and 66.3% priapism reduction in the experimental arm (8.9 to 3.02 events per month; difference 5.9; 95% CI: 3.4 - 8.5; p<0.001]). A randomized controlled trial for priapism prevention is feasible in men with SCA. (NCT05142254).

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The Study of Diea Three Dimensional Reconstruction Technique Based on Cta in Preoperative Perforator Selection

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Su, Cong Yan, Han Wang, Shu Ren, Lei Ren, Bo Yin, Jian The Department of Breast Oncoplastic Surgery Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital National Clinical Research Center for Cancer Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy Tianjin Medical University Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Treatment Tianjin China Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer The Sino-Russian Joint Research Center for Oncoplastic Breast Surgery Tianjin300060 China TMCC College of Computer Science Nankai University No.38 of Tongyan Road Jinnan District Tianjin300381 China Medical Imaging Department First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion Tianjin300110 China

Background and Objective Preoperative selection of perforator is one of the key steps for successful surgery. However, the current research mainly focuses on anatomical morphology, lacking relevant analysis of the internal blood flow status. The purpose of this study is to simulate the selection process of the perforator of the flap using the three-dimensional models of the deep inferior epigastric artery (DIEA). methods A retrospective study was performed of women who underwent deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap breast reconstruction from January 2011 to July 2021. Construct three-dimensional reconstruction models of the deep inferior epigastric artery (DIEA) using CTA images, and then computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed. The demographic information, perforator anatomic information, and hemodynamic parameters of the patients were obtained. The influencing factors of perforator anatomy were analyzed. Correlation and regression analyses were used to analyze the geometric and hemodynamic parameters. Results Statistical analysis suggested that the number of perforators in patients with abdominal scar was significantly higher than that in patients without scar (p=0.028). The number of perforators of diameters ≥1mm was significantly different between flap volume groups (p=0.022). The outlet flow was positively correlated with the inlet area (r= 0.338, p=0.000), outlet area (r= 0.840, p=0.000), the average radius of perforator (r= 0.592, p=0.000), and negatively correlated with the length of perforator(r= -0.210, p=0.024). The results of linear regression analysis showed that the outlet area(p=0.000), the average radius(p=0.000), and the length(p=0.044) of the perforator were the influencing factors on outlet flow. In multiple perforators analysis, there was a significant difference in the total outlet flow among single perforator, double perforators, and triple perforators (p=0.002). Conclusions The CFD modelling shows the relations

关键词： Computational fluid dynamics

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FOOTPRINT OF PUBLICATION SELECTION BIAS ON META-ANALYSES IN MEDICINE, ENVIRONMENTAL scienceS, PSYCHOLOGY, AND ECONOMICS

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Bartoš, František Maier, Maximilian Wagenmakers, Eric-Jan Nippold, Franziska Doucouliagos, Hristos Ioannidis, John P.A. Otte, Willem M. Sladekova, Martina Deresssa, Teshome K. Bruns, Stephan B. Fanelli, Daniele Stanley, T.D. Department of Psychological Methods University of Amsterdam Netherlands Institute of Computer Science Czech Academy of Sciences Czech Republic Department of Experimental Psychology University College London United Kingdom Department of Economics Deakin University Australia United States Department of Epidemiology and Population Health Stanford University School of Medicine United States Stanford Prevention Research Center Department of Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine United States Department of Biomedical Data Science Stanford University School of Medicine United States Department of Statistics Stanford University School of Humanities and Sciences United States Department of Pediatric Neurology UMC Utrecht Brain Center University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht University Netherlands School of Psychology University of Sussex United Kingdom Centre for Environmental Sciences Hasselt University Belgium Department of Economics University of Göttingen Germany Department of Methodology London School of Economics and Political Science United Kingdom School of Social Sciences Heriot-Watt University United Kingdom

Publication selection bias undermines the systematic accumulation of evidence. To assess the extent of this problem, we survey over 68,000 meta-analyses containing over 700,000 effect size estimates from medicine (67,386/597,699), environmental sciences (199/12,707), psychology (605/23,563), and economics (327/91,421). Our results indicate that meta-analyses in economics are the most severely contaminated by publication selection bias, closely followed by meta-analyses in environmental sciences and psychology, whereas meta-analyses in medicine are contaminated the least. After adjusting for publication selection bias, the median probability of the presence of an effect decreased from 99.9% to 29.7% in economics, from 98.9% to 55.7% in psychology, from 99.8% to 70.7% in environmental sciences, and from 38.0% to 29.7% in medicine. The median absolute effect sizes (in terms of standardized mean differences) decreased from d = 0.20 to d = 0.07 in economics, from d = 0.37 to d = 0.26 in psychology, from d = 0.62 to d = 0.43 in environmental sciences, and from d = 0.24 to d = 0.13 in medicine. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Economic analysis

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Enhancing Covid-19 decision-making by creating an assurance case for simulation models

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Habli, Ibrahim Sujan, Mark Alexander, Rob McDermid, John Lawton, Tom Hawkins, Richard Picardi, Chiara Department of Computer Science University of York York United Kingdom Warwick Medical School University of Warwick Coventry United Kingdom Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Bradford United Kingdom

Simulation models have been informing the COVID-19 policy-making process. These models, therefore, have significant influence on risk of societal harms. But how clearly are the underlying modelling assumptions and limitations communicated so that decision-makers can readily understand them? When making claims about risk in safety-critical systems, it is common practice to produce an assurance case, which is a structured argument supported by evidence with the aim to assess how confident we should be in our risk-based decisions. We argue that any COVID-19 simulation model that is used to guide critical policy decisions would benefit from being supported with such a case to explain how, and to what extent, the evidence from the simulation can be relied on to substantiate policy conclusions. This would enable a critical review of the implicit assumptions and inherent uncertainty in modelling, and would give the overall decision-making process greater transparency and accountability. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Decision making

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An Analysis by Synthesis Approach for Automatic Vertebral Shape Identification in Clinical QCT 40th

An Analysis by Synthesis Approach for Automatic Vertebral Sh...

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40th German Conference on Pattern Recognition, GCPR 2018

作者： Reinhold, Stefan Damm, Timo Huber, Lukas Andresen, Reimer Barkmann, Reinhard Glüer, Claus-C. Koch, Reinhard Department of Computer Science Kiel University Kiel Germany Kiel University Kiel Germany Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology/Neuroradiology Westküstenklinikum Heide Academic Teaching Hospital of the Universities of Kiel Lübeck and Hamburg Heide Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783030129385

Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) is a widely used tool for osteoporosis diagnosis and monitoring. The assessment of cortical markers like cortical bone mineral density (BMD) and thickness is a demanding task, mainly because of the limited spatial resolution of QCT. We propose a direct model based method to automatically identify the surface through the center of the cortex of human vertebra. We develop a statistical bone model and analyze its probability distribution after the imaging process. Using an as-rigid-as-possible deformation we find the cortical surface that maximizes the likelihood of our model given the input volume. Using the European Spine Phantom (ESP) and a high resolution µCT scan of a cadaveric vertebra, we show that the proposed method is able to accurately identify the real center of cortex ex-vivo. To demonstrate the in-vivo applicability of our method we use manually obtained surfaces for comparison. © 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Probability distributions

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Crucial inflammatory mediators and efficacy of drug interventions in pneumonia inflated COVID-19: An invivo mathematical modelling study

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Chhetri, Bishal Vamsi, D.K.K. Bhagat, Vijay M. Ananth, V.S. Prakash, Bhanu Mandale, Roshan Muthusamy, Swapna Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning - SSSIHL India Central Leprosy Teaching and Research Institute - CLTRI Chennai India Sri Sathya Sai Higher Secondary School - SSSHSS Puttaparthi India

The virus SARS-COV-2 caused disease COVID-19 has been declared a pandemic by WHO. Currently, over 210 countries and territories have been affected. Careful, well-designed drugs and vaccine for the total elimination of this virus seem to be the need of the hour. In this context, the invivo mathematical modelling studies can be extremely helpful in understanding the efficacy of the drug interventions. These studies can also help understand the role of the crucial inflammatory mediators and the behaviour of immune response towards this novel coronavirus. Motivated by these facts, in this paper, we study the invivo dynamics of Covid-19. We initially model and study the natural history, the course of the infection and its dynamics. We then validate the model by generating two-parameter heat plots that represent the characteristics of Covid-19. We also do the sensitivity analysis to identify the sensitive parameters of the system. Lastly, we study the efficacy of drug interventions for Covid-19 by formulating an Optimal Control Problem. The outcomes of these studies are multi-fold. The system admits two steady states: the disease-free equilibrium and the infected equilibrium. The dynamics of the system show that the disease takes its course to one of these steady states based on the reproduction number R0. The system undergoes a transcritical bifurcation at R0 = 1. From the sensitivity analysis, it is seen that the burst rate of the virus particles and the natural death rate of the virus are the sensitive parameters of the system. Results from the optimal control studies suggest that the antiviral drugs that target viral replication and the drugs that enhance the immune system response both reduce the infected cells and viral load when taken individually. However, it is observed that these drugs yield the best possible results when administered together. Hence, it is concluded that the optimal control strategy would be to use the combination of both these drugs which not

关键词： Optimal control systems

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